Extract Of Phyllanthus Niruri Research Articles

GREEN SYNTHESIS OF TITANIUM OXIDE (TIO2) NANOPARTICLES USING Phyllanthus Niruri AND ASSESSMENT OF ITS PHYSIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN WASTEWATER TREATMENT

This study investigates the green synthesis of titanium oxide (TiO2) nanoparticles, NPs and assessment of its physiochemical parameters in wastewater treatment. The methanol plant extract of Phyllanthus niruri was utilized for the biosynthesis of titanium oxide NPs. The preliminary phytochemical screening carried out on Phyllanthus niruri plant extract was conducted to identify the bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, anthraquinones, glycosides and steroids which may be responsible for stabilizing the nanoparticles synthesized. In the treatment of the industrial wastewater sample; the result indicated that the use of the synthesized titanium oxide nanoparticles led to percentage reduction of 67.21%, 58.96%, 91.19%, 75.56% and 94.67% for BOD, COD, turbidity, oil and grease and phosphate respectively, in the raw wastewater; and was more effective than the use of commercial titanium oxide NPs. The study indicates that synthesis of titanium oxide NPs using Phyllanthus niruri is a better alternative to chemical synthesis of NPs, the green synthesized material is eco-friendly and can serve as a treatment for industrial effluents.

In vitro cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of Phyllanthus niruri extract loaded chitosan nanoparticles in TM4 cells and their influence on spermatogenesis

Purpose: This paper introduces a complete in vitro investigation of cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of Phyllanthus niruri extract loaded chitosan nanoparticles (PNNP) on mouse Sertoli cell line (TM4), as well as their impact on spermatogenesis. Methods: Chitosan nanoparticles (ChNP) and PNNP were prepared using an ionic gelation process, while their cytotoxicity on TM4 cells was assessed using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Comet and fast halo assays were used to quantify single-strand DNA breaks in TM4 cells. To detect changes in cell morphology during apoptosis, nuclear staining with Hoechst 33342 was performed. An immunofluorescence assay was employed to examine the expression level of proteins connexin 43 and Claudin 11 in TM4 cells after exposure to PNNP concentration of 125 µg/mL. Results: The synthesized PNNP had a size of 170.6 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.269, a zeta potential of +37.8 mV, and a good entrapment efficiency of 71.0%. Encapsulation of Phyllanthus niruri into ChNP induced DNA damage in TM4 cells as determined by alkaline comet and fast halo assay (FHA). Additionally, it stimulated apoptosis, as determined by changes in cell morphology by Hoechst 33342 staining. There was significant down regulation of blood-testis barrier (BTB) proteins in TM4 cells after exposure to PNNP which could compromise the integrity of BTB and subsequently disrupt spermatogenesis process in male. Conclusion: Our investigation confirms the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of PNNP in TM4 cells, which could lead to spermatogenesis disruption and male infertility.

Mechanical, wear and thermal behaviour of rice husk microfibre and ZrO2 bioceramic from Phyllanthus niruri extracts reinforced vinyl ester composites

Mechanical, wear and thermal behaviour of rice husk microfibre and ZrO2 bioceramic from Phyllanthus niruri extracts reinforced vinyl ester composites

Bioactive Compounds and In Vitro Evaluation of Phyllanthus niruri Extract as Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities

Phyllanthus niruri grows easily in Indonesia and is widely used in traditional medicine. Differences in growing conditions, methods of preparation, and harvest time greatly affect the phytochemical contents, affecting the efficacy and toxicity of medicinal plants. This study aims to identify the phytochemical contents and toxicity and determine the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Phyllanthus niruri extract (PNE) commonly used by people in Aceh. Phytochemical analysis was carried out qualitatively and semi-quantitatively with GC-MS. A toxicity test was carried out with the brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT). The antioxidant activity was assessed by measuring IC50 against the DPPH system. Antimicrobial assays against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans were determined based on the disc diffusion test. The results of this study indicate that PNE contains phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, saponins, and alkaloids. Based on the semiquantitative phytochemical analysis using GC-MS, the major phytochemical component of PNE is 2,3 dihydro-3-5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one, hexadecanoic acid, triazole derivates, linolenic acid, benzaldehyde 3,4-dimethoxy, hexahydroanthracene derivatives, and phytol. The LC50 PNE is 532.96 ppm. The IC50 value for PNE in inhibiting DPPH is 56.72 ppm. PNE has antimicrobial activity against S. aureus, directly proportional to the increase in concentration. PNE obtained in community yards in Aceh has a low level of toxicity with potent antioxidant and antimicrobial activity against S. aureus. HIGHLIGHTS Phyllanthus niruri (PNE) extract contains various compounds such as phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, tannins, and saponins PNE exhibits strong antioxidant activity with low toxicity Antimicrobial activity of PNE against the growth of S. aureus while exhibiting comparatively lower potency against E. coli and C. albicans GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Exploring the multifaceted Antioxidant capacities and molecular composition revealed through LC/MS analysis of Phyllanthus niruri, Solanum xanthocarpum, and Tecomella undulata plant extracts

A diverse range of phytochemicals, including Phenols (TU: 70.3 µg/g in RS), Flavanoids (PN: 185.1 µg/g in AC), Tannins (TU: 18.0 µg/g in EA), Alkaloids (PN: 280.0 µg/g in AC), Ascorbic acid (TU: 300.0 µg/g in CH) and Terpenoids (TU: 4.0 µg/g in RS), were detected and estimated in the plant extracts. LC/MS analysis spotted various phytochemical compounds, including phenolic (Coniferyl aldehyde), flavonoid (Myricetin), alkaloids (Anagyrine, Sophoramine), vitamins (Riboflavin, Ascorbic acid) monoterpene alcohols (Lavandulol, Geraniol, Linalool, Citronellol Nerol), diterpenoid (Ferruginol), and sterols (Sitosterol, Campesterol). The antioxidant activity of the extracts using multiple assays. The plant extracts displayed remarkable antioxidant capacity for DPPH free radical, Superoxide radical scavenging antioxidant activity, phosphomolybdate antioxidant activity. These findings highlight the diverse phytochemical composition of plant extracts and their potential utility in various biological and pharmacological applications.

Effectiveness of Phyllanthus niruri and Andrographis paniculata Extracts on Egg Quality in Laying Hens with Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli

Providing sufficient and high-quality eggs plays an essential role in accommodating food safety and food security for consumers. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Phyllanthus niruri and Andrographis paniculata extracts on egg yolk index and haugh units (HU) value in laying hens with Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli. This type of study was experimental using a complete randomized design with 100 experimental units of five treatments (P-) placebo, (P+) infected with Avian Pathogenic E. coli without P. niruri and A. paniculata extract, then groups of chickens infected with Avian Pathogenic E. coli and administration of (P1) 10% of P. niruri and 30% of A. paniculata, (P2) 20% of P. niruri and 20% of A. paniculata, (P3) 30% of P. niruri and 10% of A. paniculata then egg yolk index and HU value were evaluated. The data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA followed by Duncan’s test. The results showed a significant difference between the treatment groups based on the egg yolk index and the HU value. It can be concluded that P2 can be recommended for laying hens with avian pathogenic E. coli.

Green Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles Using Leaf Extract of Phyllanthus niruri Lin. and Study of Its Antimicrobial Activity

Abstract: Nanoscience and Nanotechnology are the study and application of extremely small things and can be used across all the other science fields such as chemistry, biology, physics and engineering. Green synthesis of nanoparticles using plant extract is a promising and ecofriendly approach, often yielding particles with unique properties. The present study deals with biosynthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity. Of copper sulphate nanoparticles using the leaf extract of Phyllanthus niruri. In this report, aqueous phase green synthesis of specifically copper sulphate nanoparticles using leaf extract (both fresh and dry leaf) aqueous leaf extract of leaf was used for the synthesis of nanoparticles. The synthesised nanoparticles of copper sulphate were confirmed by color change when 25ml of 1% aqueous copper sulphate solution was added to 5ml og plant extract. The synthesised nanoparticles were charecterised by UV-Visible spectroscopy, SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), and XRD (X-Ray Diffraction). The UV-VIS spectroscopy showed the absorption peak at 378nm for fresh leaf and 376nm for dry leaf. SEM was used to study the morphological features that was predominately spherical and aggregated into large structure with not welldefined morphology and the size347nm,358nm,400nm,457nm, for fresh leaf 1.13µm,1.14µm,771nm,935nm for dry leaf. XRD using this the particle size and nature of nanoparticle was found the average diameter of copper nanoparticles is 12.8nm for dry leaf and 6.10nm for fresh leaf. antimicrobial activity was done using different bacterial and fungal species, in antibacterial activity St. aureus show maximum inhibition that is 75% in fresh leaf and 63%in dry leaf while compare to others, S. typhi showed 0% inhibition it was not resistant towards P.niruri. In antifungal activity F.oxysporum has shown maximum inhibition that is 77% for both fresh and dry leaf, penicillium atramentosum showed 0% inhibition it was not resistant towards P.niruri

Biofunctionalization of chitosan/gelatin composite films reinforced Phyllanthus niruri extract for wound healing application

To ensure public health comfort and safety, developing biofunctionalized wound dressing films using natural extract and optimizing their efficiency are gaining great interest in the field of biomaterials rather than synthetic drug-loaded film. In this regard, the preparation and evaluation of ethanolic extract of Phyllanthus niruri (PN) incorporated chitosan/gelatin composite films (CGP) using solvent casting method for wound healing application were proposed. Initially, FT-IR and XRD analysis has shown the existence of secondary interactions between PN extract and chitosan/gelatin matrix. SEM and mechanical test results of CGP composites depicted smooth, crack-free surfaces and amplified mechanical strength (∼466.6%) respectively. The swelling study, water vapor transmission rate, surface wettability, and in-vitro degradation assay results illustrated a modest but, slightly decreasing trend with an increase in the inclusion of PN extract. Cytotoxicity assay and morphological study of cells on CGP composites revealed their non-toxicity (>82% viability) and biocompatible nature. Films containing higher PN extract showed increased antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacterial strains E. coli (∼142.8%) and S. aureus (∼200%). In addition, in-vitro scratch test and cell adhesion demonstrated enhanced wound healing (∼60.39%), and cell adhesion in 24 h proved its cytocompatibility and promising potential to be applied as antibacterial wound healing material.

Broad-spectrum antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of biogenic silver nanoparticles synthesized from leaf extract of Phyllanthus niruri

Multidrug resistance (MDR) among pathogenic bacteria is a global health concern as it has rendered the current antibiotic therapy ineffective. A recent and rapidly developing research area in the biomedical sector is the use of biogenic nanoparticles as antibacterial agents. In the current investigation, aqueous leaf extract of Phyllanthus niruri (Pn-AgNPs) were employed for the biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles, further characterized by SEM, EDX, FTIR, TEM, UV–Vis and XRD techniques. Electron microscopy images of the green-synthesized Pn-AgNPs showed them as evenly dispersed spherical particles having an average size of about ∼ 20 nm. The Pn-AgNPs were further tested for potential antibacterial activity against isolated drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria such as Burkholderia cepacia complex, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE), Citrobacter freundii, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter clocae, MRSA, Salmonella typhi, Streptococcus spp, and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE).The Pn-AgNPs significantly inhibited growth all of the studied bacterial isolates, including antibiotic-resistant isolates such as MRSA, VRE, and CRE. Electron micrographs clearly showed the enhanced penetration of AgNPs leading to disruption of cell membrane causing death of the cell. Further, Pn-AgNPs dramatically reduced the ability of P. aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus, E. coli, and S. aureus to form biofilms. Leakage of protein from bacterial cells could be main reason for the effective bactericidal action of synthesized AgNPs. This antibacterial and antibiofilm potential of Phyllanthus niruri biosynthesized AgNPs against clinically significant drug-resistant bacteria is impressive and can be developed as a novel antimicrobial agent to combat the threat of drug-resistant bacterial infections.

Influence of Phyllanthus niruri Linn. Extract Therapy on Renal and Uterus in 2% NaCl -induced Fibrotic Scarring Rodents

Background
 Phyllanthus niruri (english name : leafflower) extract is used in therapy of renal and uterus fibrotic scarring disease. Influence of alcohol extract of P. niruri on renal and uterus of 2% NaCl- induced fibrotic scarring rodents had been researched.
 Aim of Study
 Purpose of this research to study the influence of leafflower (Phyllanthus niruri Linn.) therapy on renal and uterus in 2% NaCl - induced fibrotic scarring rodents.
 Methods
 Wistar rodents were stimulated with 2% NaCl in drinking water to induce fibrotic scarring renal and uterus. Phyllanthus niruri extract (200 mg/kg) was given orally for 4 weeks. Matrix extracellular expression was determined by HE Staining and calculated by METAVIR fibrosis scarring score. The data of this study were analyzed by SPSS 16.
 Results
 
 niruri extract was able to decrease the matrix extracellular in 2% NaCl-induced rodent compared to control group (p<0.05).
 
 Conclusion 
 P. niruri extract was able to decrease the matrix extracellular in the renal and uterus of the rodents.

Green synthesis of ZrO2 nanoparticles by Phyllanthus niruri extract and its tensile and high temperature wear behaviour of Al2017A/hBN composites

Green synthesis of ZrO2 nanoparticles by Phyllanthus niruri extract and its tensile and high temperature wear behaviour of Al2017A/hBN composites

Evaluation of Anti-Diabetic Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from Ethanolic Extract of Phyllanthus niruri on Wistar Rats

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from either the deficiency in insulin secretion or the action of insulin Diabetes can affect numerous different organ systems in the body and, over time, can lead to serious complications. Complications are microvascular or macrovascular. To evaluate the anti-diabetic effect of Phyllanthus niruri silver nano-particles. Streptozotocin (STZ) of 50mg/kg is used to induce diabetes in wistar rats. The wistar rats were distributed to six different groups. Group-I represented as Control; Group-II represented as diabetic control (STZ ); Group-III represented as 5 mg/kg body weight of glibenclamide + diabetes; Group-IV represented as phyllanthus niruri extract + diabetes; Group-V represented as 100 µg Phyllanthus niruri silver nanoparticles + diabetes; group-6- Phyllanthus niruri silver nanoparticles150µg + diabetes. The silver nanoparticles were inspected for the morphological and optical properties investigated using UV spectrophotometer, SEM and FT-IR techniques. The AgNPs has shown characteristic peak at 428nm.The study revealed that the AgNPs treatment reduced serum blood glucose concentrations remarkable improvement in the body weight, Abnormal high serum levels in diabetes treatment with AgNp’s they reached to normal in STZ-challenged diabetic rats. The histo-pathological alterations were also studied in all the experimental animals. The pathology results revealed that the AgNPs treatment induces the regeneration of islets cells of pancreas in the experimental rats. The research study proved that the Phyllanthus niruri AgNPs exerts anti-diabetic properties.
 Keywords: Diabetes, STZ, Phyllanthus niruri, silver nanoparticles

Combination of Thermal-Treated Kelulut (Stingless Bee) Honey and Phyllanthus niruri Extract: Evaluation on Antibacterial Activity Against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis

Kelulut honey (KH) has a broad spectrum of antibacterial effects that conceivably deteriorate upon heat treatment. However, further synergistic combinations with plant extract might be of value in improving the bactericidal capacity. Therefore, this study reports on the combination of KH with Phyllanthus niruri extract as both are independently known to be bactericidal. P.niruri extract was incorporated into 2 types of KH; untreated and thermal-treated (50, 60 and 70 °C for 5, 10, 15 and 30 min); and tested against 4 bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis) through disc diffusion method. Untreated KH in general had a bigger inhibition zone than thermal-treated. The inhibition reaction was considered sensitive (> 8 mm) against S.aureus, E.coli and P.aeruginosa. Whereas, the effect of thermal treatment on KH was significantly (p < 0.05) apparent against S.aureus, in which the inhibition zones were mostly not sensitive (< 8 mm). In combination, the mixture of 70:30 (KH:P.niruri) had the highest inhibition zone as compared to other ratios. However, the interaction was only deemed to be synergistic with untreated KH, principally against S.aures and P.aeruginosa. The results thus showed the vast inhibition spectrum of KH as affected by thermal treatment and combination with P.niruri extract. Thermal treatment reduced the bactericidal of KH while incorporation with P.niruri extract could synergistically improve the bactericidal with a ratio of 70:30. HIGHLIGHTS Untreated Kelulut honey (KH) demonstrated antibacterial activity against bacterial strains tested Thermal treatment reduced the antibacterial activity of KH Combination with niruri extract showed an increment in antibacterial activity A Synergistic combination was attained with the ratio of 70:30 (v/v) of KH:niruri extract GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Effects of one-year supplementation with Phyllanthus niruri on fibrosis score and metabolic markers in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Background and purposeand purpose: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a significant global health concern with limited pharmacotherapy options. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a standardized extract of Phyllanthus niruri in mild-to-moderate NAFLD. Materials and methodsThis was a 12-month randomized controlled trial, in which adults with a controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) score >250 dB/m and a fibrosis score <10 kPa were randomly assigned to receive a standardized P. niruri extract at a dose of 3,000 mg daily (n = 112) or a placebo (n = 114). The primary outcomes were changes in CAP score and liver enzyme levels, while the secondary outcomes were changes in other metabolic parameters. The analysis was performed on an intention-to-treat basis. ResultsAfter 12 months, there was no significant difference in the change of CAP score between the intervention and control groups (−15.05 ± 36.76 dB/m vs. −14.74 ± 41.08 dB/m; p = 0.869). There was also no significant difference in the changes of liver enzyme levels between the two groups. However, the intervention group showed a significant reduction in fibrosis score, which was not observed in the control group (−0.64 ± 1.66 kPa versus 0.10 ± 1.61 kPa; p = 0.001). No major adverse events were reported in either group. ConclusionThis study showed that P. niruri did not significantly reduce CAP score and liver enzyme levels in patients with mild-to-moderate NAFLD. However, a significant improvement in fibrosis score was observed. Further research is needed to determine its clinical benefits at different dosages for NAFLD treatment.

Physiological Impact of the Non-Nutritive Artificial Sweetener, Aspartame, and the Therapeutic Potential of Aqueous Extract of Phyllanthus niruri.

The present study investigated the impact of aspartame (ASP) on biochemical and histological profiles and the therapeutic potential of aqueous extract of Phyllanthus niruri (PN) in female Swiss albino mice (20 ± 2 g b. w.). ASP (40 mg/kg b. w.) and PN (100 mg/kg b. w.) were fed to the mice for a period of 30 and 60 days. A significant (P ≤ .01) decrease was observed in body weight and relative organ weight in ASP-treated mice. ASP induced a significant (P ≤ .01) increase in lipid profile, bilirubin, creatinine, and enzyme activity. Furthermore, histomorphological changes in the liver and kidney, including atrophy, lesions, and derangement of cellular structure, were observed in ASP-treated animals. However, animals treated with ASP and supplemented with aqueous extract of PN showed significant (P ≤ .01) improvements in enzyme activity and histomorphological changes in the liver and kidney. Aqueous extract of PN mitigates ASP-induced physiological effects, including liver and kidney function markers and histomorphological changes. The study suggests a need for identification of mechanisms of interaction of ASP and its breakdown products once ingested and the bioactive compounds of PN responsible for its therapeutic potential.

Combination Curcuma longa and Phyllanthus niruri Extract Potentiate Antiproliferative in Triple Negative Breast Cancer MDAMB-231 Cells.

Triple negative breast cancer cells (TNBC) are a small part of cancer-inducing cells in breast cancer, which are characterized by high metastatic and self-renewal. Self-renewal has the ability to renew itself and loses control of proliferation. Curcuma longa extract (CL) and Phyllanthus niruri extract (PN) known to have anti-proliferative effects on cancer cells. However, the effects of combination CL and PN on TNBC proliferation still unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the antiproliferative effects of the combination CL and PN on TNBC MDAMB-231 and attempted to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. The dried rhizomes of Curcuma longa and the herbs of Phyllanthus niruri were macerated with ethanol for 72 h.The antiproliferative and synergistic effects of combination CL and PN were investigated using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Combination index values were calculated using CompuSyn (ComboSyn, Inc, Paramus, NJ). The cell cycle and apoptosis assay were determined by propidium iodide (PI) and PI-AnnexinV assay under flow cytometer, respectively. The intracellular ROS levels were evaluated using 2',7'-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) assay. The mRNA expressions of proliferation-related genes in the cells were determined using bioinformatic assay. The CL and PN single treatment caused a potent and dose-dependent decrease in the percentage of viable cells with IC50 value of 13 μg/mL and 45 μg/mL for 24 h, respectively. The combination index values of the different combinations ranged from 0.08 - 0.90, indicating slightly strong to very strong synergistic effects. The combination of CL and PN also remarkably induced the S- and G2/M-phases cell cycle arrest that leading to apoptosis induction. Furthermore, the combination of CL and PN treatment induced the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Mechanistically, the AKT1, EP300, STAT3 and EGFR signaling as potential targets of combination CL and PN in antiproliferation and antimetastatic of TNBC. The combination of CL and PN exerted promising antiproliferative effects in TNBC. Therefore, CL and PN may be considered a potential source for the development of potent anticancer drugs for breast cancer treatment.

Delivery of Apoplastic Extracellular Vesicles Encapsulating Green-Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles to Treat Citrus Canker.

The citrus canker pathogen Xanthomonas axonopodis has caused severe damage to citrus crops worldwide, resulting in significant economic losses for the citrus industry. To address this, a green synthesis method was used to develop silver nanoparticles with the leaf extract of Phyllanthus niruri (GS-AgNP-LEPN). This method replaces the need for toxic reagents, as the LEPN acts as a reducing and capping agent. To further enhance their effectiveness, the GS-AgNP-LEPN were encapsulated in extracellular vesicles (EVs), nanovesicles with a diameter of approximately 30-1000 nm naturally released from different sources, including plant and mammalian cells, and found in the apoplastic fluid (APF) of leaves. When compared to a regular antibiotic (ampicillin), the delivery of APF-EV-GS-AgNP-LEPN and GS-AgNP-LEPN to X. axonopodis pv. was shown to have more significant antimicrobial activity. Our analysis showed the presence of phyllanthin and nirurinetin in the LEPN and found evidence that both could be responsible for antimicrobial activity against X. axonopodis pv. Ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase (FAD-FNR) and the effector protein XopAI play a crucial role in the survival and virulence of X. axonopodis pv. Our molecular docking studies showed that nirurinetin could bind to FAD-FNR and XopAI with high binding energies (-10.32 kcal/mol and -6.13 kcal/mol, respectively) as compared to phyllanthin (-6.42 kcal/mol and -2.93 kcal/mol, respectively), which was also supported by the western blot experiment. We conclude that (a) the hybrid of APF-EV and GS-NP could be an effective treatment for citrus canker, and (b) it works via the nirurinetin-dependent inhibition of FAD-FNR and XopAI in X. axonopodis pv.

The effects of Using Nano-Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri) Extract on the Feed Economic Value and Income Over Feed Costs of Broiler Chicken Farm

This study aimsto determinedthe effects of using nano-meniran (Phyllanthus niruri) extract on the feed economic value and income over feed costs of broiler chicken farms.This research method was an observational study with a sample of one-day-old Cobb strain broilerchickenat PT. Haraka KitriEndah. A total of 79.600 day-old-chickenwere divided into 4 groups of treatmentsand eight replications, each group of treatments consisted of 19.900day-old-chicken.Treatments are given for 14 days –from the chickens are 21 days old until the chickens reach 35 days old consisted of T0, as the control group, was not given nano-meniran extract and was only given mineral feed; T1 wasgiven nano-meniran extract 5%; T2 was given nano-meniran extract 10%; and T3 was given nano-meniran extract 20%. The administration of nano-meniran (Phyllanthus niruri)extract onthe feed’seconomic value and income over feed costs showed a significant difference (p&lt;0.05). Research results showed the feed economic value of the broilerchickensare T0 = IDR 13.345,21; T1= IDR 12.315,57; T2 = IDR 13.057,11; and T3 = IDR 13.476,69. Income over feed costs calculations showed that T0 = IDR 8.942,13; T1= IDR 11.276,63; T2 = IDR 8.848,44; and T3 = IDR 8.299,44. T1 with nano-meniran extract 5% gives the best result. This research showed that nano-meniran extract has an immunomodulatory activity that positively impacts broilerchickensbecause it reduces the feed’seconomic value and increases the income over feed costs.

Ethanolic, Methanolic, and Aqueous Extracts of Phyllanthus Niruri to Look at Its Antibacterial Properties and Phytochemicals

Abstract: As a possible addition to traditional medicine, pharmaceutical companies are turning more and more to the large number of phytochemical compounds found in medicinal plants. These chemicals are also used to make drugs. Because of its healing properties, Phyllanthus niruri has been shown to help treat a number of diseases, such as hepatitis. The main goal of this study is to find out what phytochemical compounds might be present. The goal of this study was to look at the phytochemical makeup and antibacterial activity of Phyllanthus and Phyllanthus niruri extracts in water, ethanol, and methanol. There are many different compounds in PN. Some of them are saponins, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, and cardiac glycosides. Different concentrations of methanol, ethanol, and water extracts were tested to see if they could kill bacteria. When compared to the other extracts, the 30% weight-per-volume methanolic extract had the largest zone of inhibition. Each extract of P. niruri has secondary metabolites that could be used in medicine and act as antibacterial agents against a wide range of bacteria. These PN phytochemicals have properties that kill bacteria and get rid of free radicals, and they may be used in therapeutic interventions.

Lignans from Phyllanthus niruri L. and Their Antifusarium Properties

In this study, two lignan compounds were isolated from acetone extract of Phyllanthus niruri L. nirtetralin B (1) and phyllanthin (2) using several chromatographic methods followed by molecular structure elucidation mainly based on 1D and 2D of 1H and 13C NMR spectrum. The isolated compounds were tested for their antimicrobial properties against the plant pathogenic fungus, Fusarium oxysporum, using the agar plate well diffusion method. The microdilution method determined the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum fungicide concentration (MFC). In addition, the microconidia germination inhibition test was carried out using the agar diffusion method. As a result, compound 1 had MIC and MFC values of 4 and 16 μg/mL, respectively. While compound 2 showed the same MIC and MFC values of 16 μg/mL. Further testing on the inhibition of germination of F. oxysporum microconidia showed that compound 2 inhibited microconidia germination 100% at a concentration of 2 × MIC. In comparison, compound 1 at the same concentration was only able to inhibit germination by 29%. This study revealed that compound 2 is a potential new fungicide derived from local medicinal plants. However, further research is needed to identify the interaction mechanism between the test compound and the fungal pathogen F. oxysporum to develop new antifungal agents.