Installation Of Photovoltaic Systems Research Articles

A Case Study on Electric Vehicles as Nationwide Battery Storage to Meet Slovenia’s Final Energy Consumption with Solar Energy

Despite the global importance of solar energy, its variability requires energy storage to balance production during peak and off-peak periods. Moreover, the transport sector is undergoing a global transition from internal combustion engines to electric vehicles. Since vehicles are idle 95% of the time, electric vehicle batteries, when connected to a grid, can effectively regulate intermittent photovoltaics using vehicle-to-grid technology. This conceptual study investigates the feasibility of a nationwide energy infrastructure that relies solely on solar energy, replacing other electricity sources, such as solid fuels, petroleum products, and natural gas, and utilizes electric vehicles as the sole battery energy storage system. This study aims to demonstrate the significant potential and benefits of such collaboration. The theoretical study combines historical data, assumptions, and conditions to build a simulation model that is modelled similarly as in previous conceptual studies of nationwide energy systems based solely on photovoltaics and electric vehicles, referenced in this article. In Slovenia, the total surface size suitable for the installation of photovoltaic systems is estimated to be 280 km2. The calculations show that a surface size of 217 km2 for photovoltaic systems can produce enough energy to cover Slovenia’s entire energy demand, Slovenia’s final energy consumption. However, simulations comparing photovoltaic production, total energy consumption (electricity, solid fuels, etc.), and the capacity of electric vehicle batteries show that a surface size of more than 500 km2 with photovoltaic systems and a 200% share of electric vehicles in the Slovenian vehicle fleet in 2022 will provide satisfactory results. Therefore, for a country like Slovenia, in addition to a solar power plant with a surface size of 280 km2, additional renewable energy sources are needed to cover the total energy demand, as well as additional battery energy storage systems in addition to electric vehicles.

Agri-voltaics near airport facilities. Reconciling the risk of solar glare with power generation

The installation of photovoltaic systems on cultivated land enables both agricultural and green energy production simultaneously. The result is an efficient and inclusive use of land that promotes the rural economy, enables the recovery and maintenance of land and prevents its abandonment when it is considered not profitable. This intent is facilitated in semi-rural areas where there is already the presence of infrastructure connected to the national power grid, but at the same time is limited by other human activities. Runway approach and air traffic control operations impose very stringent constraints on the possibility that photovoltaic panels, reflecting solar radiation, may glare airport operators.This article provides a methodology for verifying such phenomena (control function) and mitigating them by maximizing solar power generation (objective function). Through a case study located in central Italy, positioned near an airport, it was possible to investigate the design variables to protect the landing air routes and the airport control tower.In this case study, with an azimuth angle of 47° and tilt angle of 25°, and thanks to a 5 m high tree screen placed on the edge of the land on which the agri-voltaic installation stands, it is possible to secure airport operations by eliminating all forms of solar glare. At the same time, 21.9 GWh of photovoltaic energy is produced annually, while avoiding the release of 8,773 tons of CO2 into the atmosphere. Compared with the optimal, unconstrained case, photovoltaic panels arranged in this way decrease their annual energy production by only 6.8 %.

Moving to green technologies: acceptance and perception of architectural solar photovoltaic technology for residential buildings

ABSTRACT Among the renewable technologies, solar photovoltaic (PV) is widely regarded as promising in the Middle-East region. However, the adoption rate of PV technology remains limited in Jordan. The effective shift to solar energy necessitates social acceptance. Therefore, this study examines the public perception and degree of acceptance of PV in residential units. A survey that explored the relevant factors in terms of knowledge, concern, familiarity, satisfaction, attitude, and willingness was conducted. Four hundred and twenty responses were returned. The statistical analysis using SPSS included Cronbach's alpha test, normality testing, and correlation analysis. The analysis shows that average acceptance levels exist for the PV experience. Only 53.5% were familiar with PV. More people (56.4%) claimed to know about PV, and 62.2% were interested. Under half of the respondents were satisfied with PV. Most people had heard of PV, although only 32.6% considered their knowledge excellent. Observations of PV were communal. However, only 25% installed PV systems in their residences. Performance was the top PV priority, followed by environment, prices, and aesthetics. Solar panel installation intentions were highest on rooftops and lowest on BIPV. Also, it was found that socioeconomic and demographic profiles affect residents’ PV adoption. These variables can also moderate the relationship between relevant factors and PV perception. The study contributes to understanding the public's preference for PV applications. This perspective enhances PV awareness and adoption in residential units. This study highlights insights for architects, decision-makers, and governmental authorities on the requirements to support PV applications on the policy front.

Assessing soil pollution concerns in proximity to Fence-type solar photovoltaic system installations

This study conducted in the Kyungpook National University Eco-friendly Agriculture Research Centre between 2022 and 2023 investigates the environmental implications of fence-type solar photovoltaic (PV) systems in diverse agricultural settings. Despite the increasing adoption of solar energy for climate change mitigation, there is a noticeable gap in research regarding the potential environmental impact of these specific PV systems. Focusing on heavy metal concentrations, including Cadmium (Cd), Copper (Cu), Arsenic (As), Mercury (Hg), Lead (Pb), Hexavalent Chromium (Cr+6), Zinc (Zn), and Nickel (Ni), across distinct fields, the study reveals significant fluctuations. Notably, the Rice Field experienced a substantial increase in Cd levels from 0.47 mg/kg in 2022 to 1.55 mg/kg in 2023, while Cu and Pb concentrations decreased to acceptable levels in 2023. The findings underscore the dynamic nature of heavy metal concentrations, emphasizing the importance of continuous soil quality monitoring to prevent contamination. This research provides valuable insights into the impact of fence-type solar PV system installations on agricultural soil quality, emphasizing the urgent need to secure these ecosystems through vigilant monitoring and environmental management practices.

Techno-Economic Evaluation of a Residential Photovoltaic System: A Case Study From the Residential Complex Kass Suwailem in Hilla, Iraq

Recently, the construction of residential complexes has spread significantly in all cities of Iraq. Hence, incorporating renewable energy into residential buildings provides multiple advantages as an essential component of the global sustainability initiative. In this study, a techno-economic analysis of a photovoltaic (PV) system has been evaluated in residential buildings of Kass Suwailem I and II, Iraq-Hilla, as a case study. The evaluation involved the technical and economic feasibility of implementing a solar power generation system in this residential setting. Furthermore, it assessed the costs, benefits, and financial viability of installing and operating a PV system for electricity generation. The optimal size of the PV system based on the energy consumption, local solar irradiation levels, and electricity demand patterns for each apartment unit has been evaluated. For each apartment unit, the total PV system cost is assumed to be $12,470 consisting of a 14.7 kW array, 8-battery bank of 230 Ah each, controller, and 10 kW inverter. Life-Cycle Cost analysis has been employed to determine the comprehensive cost of the PV system, encompassing all expenditures accrued throughout its operational lifespan. The calculation of the installed PV system involves annual energy rationalization, along with determining the amount of cost reduction and comparing the system with a generator or any other source that uses fossil fuels.

Study on the optimal layout of roof vents and rooftop photovoltaic of the industrial workshop

Roof vents are crucial for facilitating natural ventilation within industrial workshops. However, their substantial size and height can limit available roof space and create extensive shadow areas, thereby impeding the installation of photovoltaic (PV) systems on industrial roofs. This study quantitatively assesses the influence of roof vent positioning, morphology, and roof architecture on the natural ventilation efficiency of workshops with varying indoor heat sources. Subsequently, the study evaluates how different vent configurations affect the installable area for rooftop solar panels. Findings suggest that shifting from traditional roof ridge vents directly above a heat source to north-side vents inclined towards the roof can marginally decrease the ventilation flow rate by approximately 5 %, translating to a minor temperature rise of around 0.46 °C within the occupied zone. Nonetheless, the Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) thermal comfort indices remain consistent across scenarios. Notably, adopting north-side vents, either flush with the roof or inclined, can enhance the annual energy yield of the rooftop PV system by 15.49 % and 22.67 %, respectively, under equivalent solar irradiation. Thus, strategic adjustments to vent positioning, form, and roof design can substantially boost the photovoltaic system's power output without compromising the workshop's natural ventilation performance.

Innovative decision-making for solar photovoltaic system installation in residential energy hubs: A probabilistic dynamic planning approach

This paper introduces an innovative probabilistic dynamic planning model tailored to optimize photovoltaic (PV) system installation within Residential Energy Hubs (REHs). The REH amalgamates diverse components, including PV systems, Combined Heat and Power (CHP) units, and gas boilers, to holistically fulfill residential thermal and electrical energy demands. The model's primary objective is to achieve an optimal equilibrium between minimizing initial investment costs associated with PV systems and managing ongoing energy expenses within the REH framework, encompassing potential PV energy losses over the planning horizon. To augment the flexibility and benefits of PV systems for residential consumers, the model integrates several pioneering features. Particularly notable is the introduction of a heating energy storage system, which complements the REH's thermal requirements and adeptly reacts to fluctuations in gas and electricity prices, thereby maximizing PV system benefits and ensuring homeowners' cost efficiency. Moreover, the model addresses the inherent uncertainty tied to PV generation by employing a two-point estimation method, offering a more realistic depiction of system performance and potential outcomes. To resolve the two-objective problem, an initial conversion into a single-objective problem via a weighted summation method precedes the application of an optimization algorithm inspired by symbiotic organisms. The paper demonstrates the practical application and efficacy of the proposed model through extensive simulations spanning a 10-year planning horizon. The results underscore the model's effectiveness and versatility in guiding residential consumers to make informed and economically viable decisions regarding PV system installation within the broader spectrum of their energy requirements. This research represents a significant stride towards empowering homeowners with invaluable tools for embracing sustainable energy solutions.

Design of Photovoltaic Systems in Industrial Electrical Systems Considering Power Quality

This paper presents a comprehensive design methodology for photovoltaic systems (PVS) integrated into industrial electrical systems (IES), with a specific focus on preserving power quality (PQ). The 10-step methodology, ranging from initial interviews to detailed technical, energy, and economic assessments, is novel for its multi-factorial approach that combines an Excel application with ETAP software, prioritizing considerations for PQ. Evaluation across four scenarios demonstrated varying outcomes. In the worst-case technical and energy scenario, PVS installation on Point of Common Connection without PQ mitigation led to significant increases in harmonics and no reduction in energy consumption. Conversely, the best technical and energy scenario involved distributing PVS across load buses with PQ mitigation, resulting in a 5% reduction in energy consumption and 27% lower energy losses. The economic evaluation indicated a three-year payback period in all scenarios, primarily attributed to increased costs for PQ problem mitigation equipment. It was also observed that reducing losses and energy consumption limits the economic benefits of installing PVS in IES. This methodology serves as a valuable guide for designing PVS in IES, incorporating technical, energy, economic, and PQ considerations.

Sensitivity analysis of distributed photovoltaic system capacity estimation based on artificial neural network

Residential solar photovoltaic (PV) system installations are expected to continue increasing due to their growing cost competitiveness and supportive government policies. However, excessive installations of unknown behind-the-meter solar panels present a challenge for accurate load prediction and reliable operations of power networks. To address such growing concerns of distribution network operators (DNOs), this research proposes a novel model for distributed PV system capacity estimations. Innovative extracted features from 24-hour substation net load curves were fed into a deep neural network to estimate the PV capacity linked to the substation feeder. A comprehensive study into the sensitivity of the model’s accuracy to specific temporal scales of data collection, number of households served by a substation, and proportion of PV-equipped properties was conducted. This study revealed that a model developed to be used exclusively in summer achieved a 18.1% decrease in estimation root mean squared error (RMSE) compared to an all-year model, whilst using only a third of the training data amount. Similarly, compared to an all-year model, RMSE decreased by 26.9% when only data from Mondays to Thursdays were used to train and test the model. Also, for the all-year model, the most accurate estimations occur when 20% to 80% of households have PV systems installed and estimation percentage error tend to remain constant at around 10% when more than 20% of households have PV systems installed. A machine learning-ready dataset of substations with known PV capacity and experiment results are both useful to inform DNOs on the potential of the proposed method in reducing grid operation costs.

On the operation and implications of grid-interactive renewable energy communities

The increasing installations of photovoltaic systems, electric vehicle chargers, heat pumps, and battery storage systems challenge distribution system operators to prevent critical grid operations. Nonetheless, flexibility potential from customer-owned assets remains untapped due to lacking federated coordination and incentives. In Europe, emerging renewable energy communities can address this challenge by facilitating collective optimal operation of flexible assets and providing grid services. This paper presents an approach for renewable energy communities to offer participants’ flexibility through grid-interactive operations. Distribution system operators then based on optimal power flow calculations request flexibility use to prevent voltage violations, transformer overloads, and line overloads. A case study with simulations for a future rural low-voltage grid is conducted. The results show that, compared to business-as-usual operations or renewable energy communities with fixed import and export limits, the grid-interactive approach ensures non-critical grid operations cost-efficiently and reduces curtailment by 60% to 90%, down to 1.1% of total generation. By providing both upward and downward flexibility and aligning with distribution system operators’ requirements, grid-interactive renewable energy communities can be key in enhancing the efficient use and stability of distribution grids.

Evaluation Model of Distributed Photovoltaic Utilization in Urban Built-Up Area

Photovoltaic (PV) power generation is emerging as a key aspect of the global shift towards a more sustainable energy mix. Nevertheless, existing assessment models predominantly concentrate on predicting the overall capacity of PV power generation, often neglecting temporal dynamics. Drawing upon the urban energy substitution rate, utilization rate, and power supply stability, this study has devised a comprehensive evaluation model for the utilization of distributed photovoltaic systems (SUS). This model integrates the quantification of spatio-temporal features inherent in urban settings and buildings. Using Hohhot city as a case study, this study conducted simulations to analyze how the installation of PV systems affects the electricity consumption patterns across different land plots within the urban core. The study additionally examines how urban planning influences the adoption of PV power, taking into account both the timing of PV power usage and the stage of PV technology development. The evaluation model surpasses the constraints of current urban PV assessments, which primarily emphasize enhancing power generation potential without adequately quantifying supply–demand dynamics or spatial and temporal variations. This breakthrough significantly improves the precision and reliability of assessing the efficiency of distributed PV systems. Its implications extend widely to subsequent comprehensive evaluations of urban PV applications.

Comparative Analysis of Two-Stage and Single-Stage Models in Batteryless PV Systems for Motor Power Supply

Implementing photovoltaic (PV) systems as direct power sources for motors without batteries is a complex process that requires a sophisticated control mechanism. The crucial aspect of PV systems is the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) process, which ensures that the installed PV system generates optimal energy output. A recent study has analyzed research related to PV systems supplying power to pump motors, and the results have successfully classified these systems into two main models: the two-stage and the single-stage. The two-stage model involves separate power tracking and load consumption control processes, while the single-stage model integrates power tracking and load consumption control into a single process. A comparative analysis of these two models has revealed that the two-stage model exhibits higher stability due to the separate power tracking and load consumption control processes. Aspects such as the MPPT process, motor power consumption, and the utilization of DC-link capacitors were examined in this study. The findings of this comparative study contribute valuable insights into the effectiveness and stability of two-stage and single-stage models in PV systems supplying power to motors without batteries. The results will significantly interest researchers and practitioners working in Photovoltaic systems and motor control, providing helpful information for designing and implementing more efficient and reliable PV systems.

Formulation of billing policy for residential scale solar PV systems and its impact in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Governments worldwide have introduced diverse billing methods and regulations to promote the adoption of photovoltaic (PV) systems, aiming to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This paper aims to develop a billing policy for installing rooftop PV systems in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia by studying policies implemented to support installing PV systems in leading countries. Initially, the system is evaluated using the tariff predetermined by Saudi Electricity Cogeneration Regulation Authority under three different policies: a Feed-in Tariff (FIT), net metering, and net billing for different sizes of solar systems 10 kW, 15 kW, and 20 kW. The findings suggest a considerable discounted payback period ranging from 14 to 20 years under the net metering framework with the current tariff structure. In contrast, investments under FIT and net billing schemes do not appear to be viable. Thus, a tariff schedule, tailored according to the consumer-preferred payback period, is proposed. For a payback timeframe of 6–10 years, the tariff should range between $0.09–0.06 $/kWh within the FIT scheme. However, in the case of a net billing policy, the tariff should vary between $0.123–0.066 $/kWh. These findings suggest the supremacy of the FIT scheme, particularly if the government determined to use the low tariff policy.

Performance of the Heat Pump and Photovoltaic Systems Installed in the Single-family House

Renewable energy sources are increasingly common in Poland, and a growing number of single-family houses are now equipped with such systems. The article presents the study of the performance of the heat pump and the photovoltaic system installed in a house in the Swietokrzyskie Province near the city of Kielce. The data related to thermal and electrical energy generation throughout three years has been analysed with a focus on the advantages offered by such systems in the climate conditions of Central Poland. It turned out that 2022 was the best year for electricity production because it exceeded the value of 8000 kWh, and in the winter period from November to February, energy production balances at 200-300 kWh, which proves the high efficiency of panels for electricity production even in unfavourable climatic conditions. The heat pump generates the smallest energy production to heat the house in the summer, while in the winter, this production increases intensively due to the heating season in Poland. These are values from 1500 kWh to values above 3000 kWh. Similarly, in the case of domestic hot water, these values are higher in winter than in summer. Additionally, the work includes electricity consumption before and after the installation of renewable energy sources. Simplified economic analysis has also been presented in the paper. The simple payback period is estimated at approximately 9 years.

Effects of different shading levels on the growth of Bornmuellera emarginata, a nickel hyperaccumulator for use in agromining

AbstractThe Greek endemic Bornmuellera emarginata, known for its Ni hyperaccumulation capacity, is a promising candidate species for use in agromining. At the same time, the installation of photovoltaic systems on agricultural land has recently been increasing. Field observations that populations of this species usually occupy shaded places under shrubs or trees led us to study the effect of different shading levels on the growth of B. emarginata, with a view to combine the cultivation of the species with photovoltaic panels in the same area. The experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions and lasted 210 days after sowing (DAS). Seeds were sown directly into 2‐L pots filled with ultramafic soil collected from the field. Three plant samplings (81, 140, and 210 DAS) were conducted during the experiment to determine a set of morphological and physiological parameters of the species (fresh and dry plant biomass, plant height, number of lateral shoots, total number of leaves, proline and chlorophyll concentrations) alongside with its nickel yield at different levels of shading (0%, 20%, 35%, 60%, and 90%). Growth of B. emarginata was only significantly affected at the highest shading level. Nickel yield of the species increased over time and was maximized at the end of the experiment. The highest nickel yield per plant was observed at the intermediate shading level (35%). Bornmuellera emarginata can be considered as a candidate nickel hyperaccumulator for cultivation in ultramafic or nickel‐polluted areas under photovoltaic panels with corresponding shading, providing important environmental benefits.

Investigation of Failures during Commissioning and Operation in Photovoltaic Power Systems

Considering global warming and environmental problems, the importance of renewable energy sources is increasing day by day. In particular, the effects of wind and solar power, which are variable renewable power sources, on the power system necessitate their evaluation in terms of the reliability of the power system. Photovoltaic panels, which enable the conversion of solar power into electrical power with semiconductors, have started to take an important place in global energy investments today. Photovoltaic power plants increase the demand for this energy source with continuous energy conversion depending on sunshine duration and radiation intensity. Among the renewable energy sources, the most easily utilized energy source, regardless of geographical conditions, is the sun. To prevent the energy production of PV power plants from being interrupted, it is necessary to address and analyze all kinds of faults that will affect power production in order to increase the reliability of the system. Academic studies in this field are generally grouped under two topics: classification of faults or modeling of electrical faults. Based on this, in this study, the problems that occur during the installation and operation of photovoltaic systems are classified, and the relevant faults are modeled and simulated in MATLAB Simulink version 23.2 (R2023b). Thus, a scientific approach to the problems of photovoltaic power plant operating conditions has been gained, which will be the basis for academic studies.

Effects of cooling and interval cleaning on the performance of soiled photovoltaic panels in Muscat, Oman

Due to the present alarming environmental problem, the world has turned to photovoltaic (PV) solar energy as a sustainable, renewable, and environmentally friendly alternative. Solar energy technology has rapidly improved in recent decades, and the global installation of photovoltaic systems has been increasing at a rate of 24% annually. However, soiling on panels and high panel temperature affect the performance of photovoltaic systems, and this leads to significant production loss, especially in the Middle East, where the dust intensity and ambient air temperature are at their highest levels. This paper presents the influence of cooling and interval cleaning on the performance of the photovoltaic system installed in Muscat, Oman. The study involved cleaning the first panel at a comparable inclination angle. The second panel had its inclination angle changed. The third panel was designed to inject water for cooling purposes. In this case, the panel was subjected to water injection for 30 s once per week, followed by daily water injection for 120 s in the second week. All the results were compared with the fourth panel, which was neither cleaned nor touched. Measurements, including open circuit voltage, short circuit current, solar panel temperature, solar radiation, and power, were made in 1-min intervals using a data logger. The results of the experiment showed that cleaning the panel manually every three days resulted in the highest output power and efficiency, reaching 85.6 W with 23.6% efficiency. The cooling of the panel resulted in an increase in power, especially for the longer injection duration. Conclusively, water injection resulted in an energy output growth of 23.9%.

Scheme Design and Energy-Saving Optimization of Cold and Heat Energy Supply System for Substation Main Control Building in Cold Area

In the context of global climate change, the implementation of building energy conservation and carbon reduction, as well as the realization of zero-energy buildings, is a key measure to cope with climate change and resource depletion. A substation is an indispensable building in the process of urbanization construction. However, in existing cold areas, the heating form of substations generally adopts electric heating, which consumes a large amount of energy. This paper optimizes the existing HVAC form of substations through the rational utilization of surrounding environmental resources and puts forward reasonable building energy-saving and carbon-reduction methods. It demonstrates the feasibility of combining solar photovoltaic power generation systems, air source heat pumps, and natural ventilation to optimize energy savings and carbon reduction in the main control building of a substation in a cold area. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method is used to demonstrate the feasibility of natural ventilation during the summer and transition seasons. The data indicate that the installation of a solar photovoltaic power generation system results in an average annual power generation of 18.75 MWh. Additionally, using an air source heat pump can save 44.5% of electricity compared to electric heating. When both a solar photovoltaic power generation system and an air source heat pump are used to provide a building with cold and heat sources, the annual emissions of CO2 can be reduced by 4.90 tons compared to a traditional electric heating system.

Assessing multifunctional retrofit potential of urban roof areas and evaluating the power and carbon benefits under efficient retrofit scenarios

Green roof installations and photovoltaic (PV) systems are widely employed roof retrofits that aid cities in mitigating climate change impacts, while avoiding the need for increased land utilization. By integrating PV systems with vegetation on urban roofs, a photovoltaic-green (PV-Green) system can be achieved for multifunctional use of the roof space, thereby simultaneously achieving PV and greening benefits. However, current research solely based on one retrofit type cannot meet the requirement for assessing the multifunctional retrofit potential of urban roofs. In this study, an assessment method is proposed to identify and quantify the multiple retrofit potential of urban roofs by integrating roof attributes (slope, orientation, and area), roof type (gable or flat), solar attributes (radiation and irradiation duration), and biogeochemical simulation. Moreover, three roof retrofit scenarios, Scenario 1 (S1): maximization of PV-Green roofs, Scenario 2 (S2): maximization of PV economic benefits, and Scenario 3 (S3): maximization of public subjective well-being through roof greening, were designed to allocate the use of urban roof spaces and evaluate their respective potential power and carbon benefits at the city scale. Using Shanghai's downtown as an example, the results showed that 85,722 roofs (or 7310.86 ha) were available for multifunctional use. S1 revealed that applying PV-Green roofs can increase the additional green biomass by 0.74 × 107 kg C/yr compared to only installing PV roofs. Moreover, S1 produced the highest power output of 2.31 × 1010 kWh/yr to meet 15.4% of Shanghai's electricity demand. S2 identified 609 flat roofs and 70,527 gable roofs that were uneconomical for PV system installation. This indicated that the solar radiation received by most gable roofs was insufficient to cover the installation cost. S3 offered a biomass production of 1.48 × 107 kg C/yr and increased carbon stocks in Shanghai by 0.87%. This assessment method provides urban planners and policymakers with an analytical tool to optimize the use of urban roof spaces, thereby enhancing urban livability and sustainability.

Exploring the potential impact of household photovoltaic systems on low-carbon production behavior in rural areas: unveiling the pro-environmental spillover effect

Introduction: China, as the world’s largest emitter of carbon dioxide, faces significant challenges in agricultural greenhouse gas emissions. The Chinese government has been actively promoting household photovoltaic (PV) power generation, which has great potential for application in rural areas. This study aims to explore whether the promotion of household PV systems in rural areas has a positive impact on farmers’ low-carbon production behavior and to analyze the influencing factors and mechanisms. This research fills the research gap in the analysis of the promotion of household PV systems and farmers’ low-carbon production behavior, providing scientific evidence to support policymakers in promoting widespread use of household PV systems and facilitating the transition of farmers to low-carbon production methods.Methods: This study adopts a qualitative research method and analyzes interview data and semi-structured questionnaire survey data from 48 farmers. By collecting, organizing, comparing, and extracting information and employing the research process of grounded theory, the researchers summarize the model of household PV-driven low-carbon production behavior.Results: The study finds that the installation of household PV systems indeed promotes farmers to adopt more low-carbon production behaviors. Farmers who install household PV systems show a greater willingness to reduce the use of fertilizers and pesticides, conserve water resources, and improve land utilization, among others. They perceive the positive effects of household PV systems and their own capacity for environmental protection, enhancing confidence and motivation to engage in low-carbon production behaviors.Discussion: Existing research methods have mainly relied on theoretical deduction combined with quantitative empirical approaches when exploring farmers’ pro-environmental spillover behaviors. However, these methods often start from the perspectives of either egoism or altruism, resulting in biased tendencies toward negative spillover or positive spillover. Nevertheless, neither egoism nor altruism fully captures the decision-making process when deeply understanding farmers’ production, life, and decision-making processes. The installation of household PV systems can change factors such as farmers’ knowledge, skills, cognition, and resources, enhancing their green self-efficacy and helping them acquire more knowledge and skills in renewable energy. Therefore, this research adopts a qualitative research method to more accurately reflect farmers’ decision-making process and provides practical recommendations to promote farmers’ active transition to pro-environmental spillover behaviors.Conclusion: This study fills the research gap in the analysis of the promotion of household PV systems and farmers’ low-carbon production behavior, providing practical recommendations for policymakers to facilitate farmers’ positive behavioral changes. Qualitative research methods enable a more realistic understanding and promotion of farmers’ pro-environmental spillover behaviors by deeply understanding their contexts. The study offers targeted suggestions to policymakers to drive farmers’ transition to low-carbon production methods.