Photothermal Lysis Research Articles

Nanoplasmonic Rapid Antimicrobial-Resistance Point-of-Care Identification Device: RAPIDx.

The emergence of antibiotic resistance has become a global health crisis, and everyone must arm themselves with wisdom to effectively combat the "silent tsunami" of infections that are no longer treatable with antibiotics. However, the overuse or inappropriate use of unnecessary antibiotics is still routine for administering them due to the unavailability of rapid, precise, and point-of-care assays. Here, a rapid antimicrobial-resistance point-of-care identification device (RAPIDx) is reported for the accurate and simultaneous identification of bacterial species (genotype) and target enzyme activity (phenotype). First, a contamination-free active target enzyme is extracted via the photothermal lysis of preconcentrated bacteria cells on a nanoplasmonic functional layer on-chip. Second, the rapid, precise identification of pathogens is achieved by the photonic rolling circle amplification of DNA on a chip. Third, the simultaneous identification of bacterial species (genotype) and target enzyme activity (phenotype) is demonstrated within a sample-to-answer 45min operation via the RAPIDx. It is believed that the RAPIDx will be a valuable method for solving the bottleneck of employing on-chip nanotechnology for antibiotic-resistant bioassay and other infectious diseases.

Bioheterojunction‐Engineered System: A New Mechanism of BP/MoS2 Photothermal‐Photocatalytic Dual‐Power Synergistic Sterilization under NIR

AbstractIn this research, a high‐efficiency nano‐fungicide with synergistic effect was obtained by combining polycrystalline MoS2 with layered nano‐BP to form heterojunction, which had a new photothermal‐photocatalytic antibacterial mechanism to Gram‐positive bacteria, Gram‐negative and drug‐resistance bacteria under NIR. BP/MoS2 whose lethality of bacteria could reach nearly 100 % at 400 μg/L, exhibited the highest photothermal lysis efficiency against E. coli, B. pumilus and A. baumannii. It was found that the heterojunction could be heated up to 51.8 °C within 5 minutes by photothermal conversion, and it also had an excellent performance of photothermal cycle. High temperature and stability of the material endowed it with an outstanding and long‐lasting bactericidal effect. In addition, a series of in vitro free radical experiments was designed, the existence of ⋅O2− and 1O2 in BP/MoS2‐NIR system was verified. And the Way of ROS production and the mechanism of action were discussed by EPR test. Subsequently, two mechanisms of synergistic antibacterial action were summarized, that is, abundant ROS and high temperature could destroy cell wall damage and lysis of bacteria effectively. This study provides a theoretical basis for the synergistic antibacterial action of NIR photothermal and photocatalysis of BP system.

Highly Efficient On-Chip Photothermal Cell Lysis for Nucleic Acid Extraction Using Localized Plasmonic Heating of Strongly Absorbing Au Nanoislands.

Cell lysis serves as an essential role in the sample preparation for intracellular material extraction in lab-on-a-chip applications. However, recent microfluidic-based cell lysis chips still face several technical challenges such as reagent removal, complex design, and high fabrication cost. Here, we report highly efficient on-chip photothermal cell lysis for nucleic acid extraction using strongly absorbed plasmonic Au nanoislands (SAP-AuNIs). The highly efficient photothermal cell lysis chip (HEPCL chip) consists of a PDMS microfluidic chamber and densely distributed SAP-AuNIs with large diameters and small nanogaps, allowing for broad-spectrum light absorption. The SAP-AuNIs induce photothermal heat, resulting in a uniform temperature distribution within the chamber and rapidly reaching the target temperature for cell lysis within 30 s. Furthermore, the localized plasmonic heating of SAP-AuNIs expeditiously triggers phase transition and photoporation in the directly contacted lipid bilayer of the cell membrane, resulting in rapid and highly efficient cell lysis. The HEPCL chip successfully lysed 93% of PC9 cells at 90 °C for 90 s without nucleic acid degradation. This on-chip cell lysis offers a new sample preparation platform for integrated point-of-care molecular diagnostics.

Photothermal Lysis of Engineered Bacteria to Modulate Amino Acid Metabolism against Tumors

AbstractBacterial‐mediated synergistic cancer therapy (BMSCT) is used as a promising tumor therapy approach. However, there are some disadvantages of bacterial therapy alone to be resolved, such as low tumor suppression rate in the treatment. In this study, a novel light‐controlled engineered bacterial material which synergistically regulates amino acid metabolism to fight tumors is developed. It transcribes l‐methionine‐γ‐lyase (MdeA) into Escherichia coli (E. coli) and loads the approved photothermal agent indocyanine green (ICG), namely E. coli‐MdeA@ICG. Using the hypoxic tropism of E. coli, genetically engineered bacteria are first loaded with photothermal agents, then selectively accumulate and replicate in the tumor region. Under laser irradiation, photothermal lysis of E. coli‐MdeA is performed to release the MdeA and consume the essential amino acid methionine (Met) in the tumor environment. In vitro cell experiments confirm that the E. coli‐MdeA + NIR group can reach 90% of the 4T1 cells killing. In 4T1 tumor‐bearing mouse models, E. coli‐MdeA@ICG shows enhanced antitumor efficacy, along with 91.8% of the tumor growth inhibited. Apoptosis of tumor cells is induced under the dual action of photothermal therapy (PTT) and amino acid metabolism therapy. This strategy provides new ideas for the combination of synthetic biology and nanotechnology in anti‐tumor.

Bacteria Wear ICG Clothes for Rapid Detection of Intracranial Infection in Patients After Neurosurgery and Photothermal Antibacterial Therapy Against Streptococcus Mutans.

Bacterial infection is one of the most serious physiological conditions threatening human health. There is an increasing demand for more effective bacterial diagnosis and treatment through non-invasive approaches. Among current antibacterial strategies of non-invasive approaches, photothermal antibacterial therapy (PTAT) has pronounced advantages with properties of minor damage to normal tissue and little chance to trigger antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, we developed a fast and simple strategy that integrated the sensitive detection and photothermal therapy of bacteria by measuring adenosine triphosphate (ATP) bioluminescence following targeted photothermal lysis. First, 3-azido-d-alanine (d-AzAla) is selectively integrated into the cell walls of bacteria, photosensitizer dibenzocyclooctyne, and double sulfonic acid-modified indocyanine green (sulfo-DBCO-ICG) are subsequently designed to react with the modified bacteria through in vivo click chemistry. Next, the sulfo-DBCO-ICG modified bacteria under irradiation of 808 nm near-infrared laser was immediately detected by ATP bioluminescence following targeted photothermal lysis and even the number of bacteria on the infected tissue can be significantly reduced through PTAT. This method has demonstrated the ability to detect the presence of the bacteria for ATP value in 32 clinical samples. As a result, the ATP value over of 100 confirmed the presence of bacteria in clinical samples for 22 patients undergoing craniotomy and ten otitis media patients. Overall, this study paves a brand new avenue to facile diagnosis and a treatment platform for clinical bacterial infections.

Frontier exploration for gold-based nanostructures for photothermal bacterial lysis

<p indent="0mm">Pathogenic microorganisms can lead to serious infection. The increased multi-drug-resistant bacteria poses a great threat to the survival of humans and animals due to gene mutations and various mechanisms of drug resistance, which attracts people’s attention to alternative solutions against bacteria. Developing new antibacterial nanomaterials is an effective way to solve this problem. Due to the excellent biocompatibility, photothermal stability, photothermal conversion efficiency, and easy modification of gold nanostructures, the research has focused on the design of gold nanostructures with activated antibacterial properties induced by light irradiation for use against drug-resistant bacteria. At present, a variety of gold nanostructures were used for photothermal bacterial lysis, and their antibacterial properties can be enhanced by adding components for specific targeting or modulating the structure and size for enhanced efficiency of photothermal conversion. The photoactive gold based nanostructure displayed the great advantages of killing pathogenic bacteria especially for the drug-resistance bacteria, due to the physical damage to the bacteria from the gold based nanostructure, which is totally different from the mechanism of disinfection of traditional antibiotics. They have a great and wide application for solving the problem faced now. In this review, we introduced the photoactive gold nanostructures used to fight for pathogen diseases, especially for drug-resistant bacteria infection. The basic principles, important developments, promising applications and limitations of the current technology are revealed. Initially, the diversity of gold nanostructures was introduced (gold nanoparticles, gold nanostars, gold nanorods, gold nanocages, gold nanoshells, etc.), due to their amazing local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and oxidation resistance, which can present one advantage of antimicrobial activity by the hyperthermia to lysis the bacteria in a short time. Near-infrared irradiation (NIR) was widely used in these photoactive gold nanomaterials, with the ability to penetrate the skin tissue from 5 to <sc>10 mm</sc> and low damage to tissue. It is another advantage compared to other antimicrobial materials. Subsequently, the surface modification of gold nanostructure was addressed in this review due to the significance of modulating the property of gold nanostructure to enhance the antimicrobial activity and the specificity to pathogens, as well as lowering the side effect of damaging the normal cell. For instance, one strategy is proposed to modify the antibody or specific peptide against bacteria on the surface of gold nanostructure to regulate both the LSPR of gold nanostructure and specificity of bacteria. Another one is the combination strategy which includes the doping of Ag and Pt on the surface of the gold nanostructure, 2D nanomaterial (graphene oxide nanosheet or black phosphorus nanosheet)/gold nanostructure, and gold nanostructure with antibiotics or antimicrobial peptides, etc. All the approaches summarized in this review could facilitate enhancing the efficiency of killing bacteria by the photoactive gold based nanostructures. Finally, the challenges and perspectives in this area were proposed. For instance, the construction of smart material based on gold nanostructure was emergent in further exploration, according to the microenvironment of infection sites. The biosafety of photoactive gold based nanomaterial is still the big issue in the next step, which is the key factor for further clinical application. In general, the gold based nanomaterial with a variety of nanostructures displays the designable structure in a controlled manner, the excellent photoactive properties, and amazing hyperthermia feature, which sheds light on further clinical applications, such as biosensor and biomedicine.

Light-triggered Janus nanomotor for targeting and photothermal lysis of pathogenic bacteria.

The rapid photothermal lysis of Escherichia coli O157:H7 treated with light-triggered Janus nanomotors was visualized by Hilbert differential contrast transmission electron microscopy (HDC-TEM). The extraordinary advantage of this high-resolution microscopic technique was that it revealed the detailed ultrastructure alterations of the treated cells at a state close to their native one. The micrographs demonstrated that Janus nanomotors (mesoporous silica nanoparticles with gold hemisphere and half-capped with cysteamine) were able to target and bind to the pathogenic E. coli. The biorecognition reaction proceeded at slightly acid pH thankful to the formed electrostatic adhesion between positively charged amino groups on nanoparticles surface and the negatively charged cell envelope. The exposure of labeled cells to near infrared laser irradiation leaded to occurrence of effective photothermal damage of their plasma membranes, which was enough strong to lyse bacteria. It was because of the overheating obtained by the photon-to-thermal conversion reaction generated by the surface plasmon resonance response of Janus nanomotors. The good efficiency of photothermal lysis to inactivate E. coli O157:H7 was confirmed by staining with LIVE/DEAD viability kit and quantification of the few survived cells in epifluorescence microscope. Furthermore, HDC-TEM images of ice-embedded inhibited bacteria documented the labeling, membrane disruptions and lysis due to the designed operation of Janus nanomotors. The reported microscopic technique provides a novel strategy for developing of Janus nanomachines as promising platform for nondrug treatment and defeating of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic microorganisms.

Gold-Decorated M13 I-Forms and S-Forms for Targeted Photothermal Lysis of Bacteria.

With the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria, photothermal therapy has been proposed as an alternative to antibiotics for targeting and killing pathogens. In this study, two M13 bacteriophage polymorphs were studied as nanoscaffolds for plasmonic bactericidal agents. Receptor-binding proteins found on the pIII minor coat protein targeted Escherichia coli bacteria with F-pili (F+ strain), while a gold-binding peptide motif displayed on the pVIII major coat protein templated Au nanoparticles. Temperature-dependent exposure to a chloroform-water interface transformed the native filamentous phage into either rod-like or spheroid structures. The morphology, geometry, and size of the polymorphs, as well as the receptor-binding protein and host cell receptor interaction were studied using electron microscopy. Au/template structures were formed through incubation with Au colloid, and optical absorbance was measured. Despite the closely packed Au nanoparticle layer on the surface the viral scaffolds, electron microscopy confirmed that host receptor affinity was retained. Photothermal bactericidal studies were performed using 532 nm laser irradiation with a variety of powers and exposure times. Bacterial viability was assessed using colony count. With the shape-modified M13 scaffolds, up to 64% of E. coli were killed within 20 min. These studies demonstrate the promise of i-form and s-form polymorphs for the directed plasmonic-based photothermal killing of bacteria.

Nanophotonic Cell Lysis and Polymerase Chain Reaction with Gravity-Driven Cell Enrichment for Rapid Detection of Pathogens.

Rapid and precise detection of pathogens is a critical step in the prevention and identification of emergencies related to health and biosafety as well as the clinical management of community-acquired urinary tract infections or sexually transmitted diseases. However, a conventional culture-based pathogen diagnostic method is time-consuming, permitting physicians to use antibiotics without ample clinical data. Here, we present a nanophotonic Light-driven Integrated cell lysis and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on a chip with Gravity-driven cell enrichment Health Technology (LIGHT) for rapid precision detection of pathogens (<20 min). We created the LIGHT, which has the three functions of (1) selective enrichment of pathogens, (2) photothermal cell lysis, and (3) photonic PCR on a chip. We designed the gravity-driven cell enrichment via a nanoporous membrane on a chip that allows an effective bacterial enrichment of 40 000-fold from a 1 mL sample in 2 min. We established a light-driven photothermal lysis of preconcentrated bacteria within 1 min by designing the network of nanoplasmonic optical antenna on a chip for ultrafast light-to-heat conversion, created the nanoplasmonic optical antenna network-based ultrafast photonic PCR on a chip, and identified Escherichia coli. Finally, we demonstrated the end-point detection of up to 103 CFU/mL of E. coli in 10 min. We believe that our nanophotonic LIGHT will provide rapid and precise identification of pathogens in both developing and developed countries.

Reduced Graphene Oxide Functionalized with Gold Nanostar Nanocomposites for Synergistically Killing Bacteria through Intrinsic Antimicrobial Activity and Photothermal Ablation.

The exploration of multifunctional photothermal agents is important for antibacterial photothermal lysis, which has emerged as an effective approach to address the problem of pathogenic bacteria infection irrespective of the drug-resistant effect. In the present work, a 2D reduced graphene oxide supported Au nanostar nanocomposite (rGO/AuNS) was prepared by the seed-mediated growth method for synergistically killing multidrug-resistant bacteria. Owing to the prickly and sharp-edge nanostructure, the rGO/AuNS displayed superior antibacterial activity probably due to the damage of the cell walls or membranes. The cell viability of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was as low as 32% when the MRSAs were incubated with the rGO/AuNS for 180 min in the absence of light. The 2D structure of the rGO/AuNS facilitated the strong binding affinity toward bacteria. Upon the 808 nm NIR laser irradiation, significant enhancement in bactericidal efficiency (complete death) was obtained due to the localized hyperthermal effect of rGO/AuNS. Moreover, the RGO/AuNS displayed promising biocompatibility. It indicates that the rGO/AuNS can be an alternative and effective dual functional photothermal agent for synergistically killing the multidrug-resistant bacteria.

Antimicrobial Photothermal Treatment of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa by a Carbon Nanoparticles-Polypyrrole Nanocomposite.

Background: Nowadays, it is needed to explore new routes to treat infectious bacterial pathogens due to prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Antimicrobial photothermal therapy (PTT), as a new strategy, eradicates pathogenic bacteriaObjective: In this study, the antimicrobial effects of a carbon nanoparticles-polypyrrole nanocomposite (C-PPy) upon laser irradiation were investigated to destroy the pathogenic gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Material and Methods: In this experimental study, the bacterial cells were incubated with 50, 100 and 250 µg mL-1 concentrations of C-PPy and irradiated with a 808-nm laser at two power densities of 0.5 and 1.0 W cm-2. CFU numbers were counted for the irradiated cells, and compared to an untreated sample (kept in dark). To explore the antibacterial properties and mechanism(s) of C-PPy, temperature increment, reactive oxygen species formation, and protein and DNA leakages were evaluated. Field emission scanning electron microscopy was also employed to investigate morphological changes in the bacterial cell structures.Results: The results showed that following C-PPy attachment to the bacteria surface, irradiation of near-infrared light resulted in a significant decrement in the bacterial cell viability due to photothermal lysis. Slightly increase in protein leakage and significantly increase intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were observed in the bacteria upon treating with C-PPy.Conclusion: Photo-ablation strategy is a new minimally invasive and inexpensive method without overdose risk manner for combat with bacteria

Adenosine Triphosphate Bioluminescence-Based Bacteria Detection Using Targeted Photothermal Lysis by Gold Nanorods.

Bacterial infections are common causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide; therefore, environmental contamination by bacterial pathogens represents a global public health concern. Consequently, a selective, rapid, sensitive, and in-field detection platform for detecting significant bacterial contamination is required to ensure hygiene and protect public health. Here, we developed a fast and simple platform for the selective and sensitive detection of bacteria by measuring adenosine triphosphate (ATP) bioluminescence following targeted photothermal lysis mediated by antibody-conjugated gold nanorods. This method employed both targeted photothermal lysis of bacteria by near-infrared (NIR) irradiation and highly selective detection of the lysed bacteria via ATP bioluminescence within 36 min (incubation, 30 min; NIR irradiation, 6 min). The use of the proposed method allowed limits of detection in pure solution of 12.7, 70.7, and 5.9 CFU for Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella typhimurium, and Listeria monocytogenes, respectively. Additionally, bacteria were successfully detected on artificially inoculated plastic cutting boards. Furthermore, this method was highly specific, without cross-reaction among pathogenic bacteria. We believe that the proposed method has significant potential as an on-site diagnostic tool for applications associated with public health and environmental pollution monitoring.

Photothermal lysis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by polyaniline nanoparticles under near infrared irradiation

Increases in the prevalence of antibiotic resistant bacteria require new approaches for the treatment of infectious bacterial pathogens. A new therapeutic modality, which is called photothermal therapy (PTT) involves the absorption of Near Infrared Radiation (NIR) light by absorbing species (e.g. polyaniline nanoparticles) and transfer of the absorbed energy into the surrounding environment as heat that could cause pathogen death. Since the pathogen cells, and the surrounding tissue, does not absorb NIR radiation, an agent which strongly absorb the light has to be added. In this work, were performed experiments to determine if polyaniline nanoparticles (PANI-NP) in combination with NIR irradiation could be used to destroy Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Results reveal that this nanomaterial, following NIR exposure could be used for killing bacteria because it was observed a significant decrease in cell viability triggering cell death. In addition, the cell death mechanism was observed by DNA fragmentation.

Photothermal lysis of pathogenic bacteria by platinum nanodots decorated gold nanorods under near infrared irradiation

Photothermal lysis is an effective method for fast removal of pathogenic bacteria from bacterial contaminated environments and human body, irrespective of bacterial drug resistance. In the present work, a highly effective photothermal agent, Au@Pt nanorods (NRs), was prepared by modification of Pt nanodots with particle size of 5nm on the surface of Au NRs with a length of ca. 41nm and a width of ca. 13nm. The LSPR absorbance band of Au@Pt NRs could be tuned from 755 to 845nm by changing the Pt loading from 0.05 to 0.2, as compared to Au NRs. The photothermal conversion efficiency of Au@Pt NRs depended on the Pt loading, Au@Pt NRs concentration, and power density. Under NIR irradiation, the Au@Pt0.1 NRs exhibited the highest efficiency in photothermal lysis of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The introduction of Pt nanodots on the surface of Au@Pt NRs not only enhanced their photothermal conversions but also enhanced their affinity to bacteria and significantly decreased their cytotoxicity. The photothermal lysis of bacteria over Au@Pt NRs caused the damage onto the cell walls of bacteria, implying that the killing of bacteria probably went through the thermal ablation mechanism.

Continuous adsorption and photothermal lysis of airborne bacteria using a gold-nanoparticle-embedded-geometrically activated surface interaction (gold-GASI) chip.

The rapid increase in the concentration of pathogenic airborne bacteria is a serious issue because of their infectivity. Due to the abundance of these infectious pathogens in the environment, researchers have developed devices to detect airborne pathogens using microfluidic technologies. Such devices represent a significant improvement over conventional techniques that rely on colony counting or biochemical assays, which are time as well as labor consuming. In addition to these detection methods, researchers have also shown that the photothermal effects of gold nanoparticles can be used to kill pathogenic bacteria. Thus, in this study, we combined a microfluidic device with a photothermal system to capture, lyse, and detect airborne bacteria. Specifically, we synthesized gold nanoparticles in poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) microfluidic chips to enrich and extract DNA from the pathogenic bacteria in air samples. The geometrically activated surface interaction (GASI) chip was employed, which was previously designed by our group and basically modified herringbone structure, to capture bacteria and increase the frequency of bacterial contact with the gold-nanoparticle-embedded PDMS. We design a microfluidic herringbone chip to capture bacteria and increase the frequency of bacterial contact with the gold-nanoparticle-embedded PDMS. Finally, the bacteria-captured PDMS microchips are irradiated at 532nm using a 300-mW laser for 10min, and the destruction of bacteria is verified by fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Photoactive antimicrobial nanomaterials.

Pathogenic microbes cause infections and are excellent at adapting to the disinfection strategies that address their biochemistry. The growth in number of drug resistant superbugs is alarming, and has attracted attention to alternative solutions. In recent years, researchers have put effort into designing nanomaterials with activatable antimicrobial properties initiated by light irradiation. The underlying mechanisms of these nanomaterials' photoactivatable antimicrobial effect may vary from reactive oxygen species generation, to heat production or pH variation in procedures like photocatalysis, photodynamic therapy, photothermal lysis and photoinduced acidification. In this article, we review the photoactive nanomaterial solutions for fighting against microbial diseases, especially bacterial infections. This Review shines light on the fundamental principles, important developments, promising applications, and limitations of current technologies as well as open questions that these methods may answer or help to answer.

Relief from vascular occlusion using photothermal ablation of thrombus with a multimodal perspective

Fibrinolytic therapy for arterial or venous thrombotic disorders involves the systemic administration of thrombolytics such as streptokinase, which is associated with serious bleeding complications. With this study, we provide a proof-of-concept of photothermal thrombus ablation with gold nanorods exposed to near-infrared irradiation, both in vitro using materials generated from purified fibrinogen or plasma and in vivo in murine blood vessels. This is the first report of the application of photothermal therapy as an anti-thrombotic measure. Remarkably, the addition of streptokinase had a multimodal additive effect with regard to acceleration of photothermal lysis of thrombi even at a dose significantly below the therapeutic concentration, thus minimizing the life-threatening side effects and adverse complications. This combinatorial approach exhibits great promise for lysing pathological clots while effectively overcoming the drawbacks of existing therapies.

Recyclable Photo-Thermal Nano-Aggregates of Magnetic Nanoparticle Conjugated Gold Nanorods for Effective Pathogenic Bacteria Lysis.

We describe the nucleophilic hybridization technique for fabricating magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) around gold nanorod (AuNR) for desired photo-thermal lysis on pathogenic bacteria. From the electromagnetic energy conversion into heat to the surrounding medium, a significant and quicker temperature rise was noted after light absorption on nanohybrids, at a controlled laser light output and optimum nanoparticle concentration. We observed a similar photo-thermal pattern for more than three times for the same material up on repeated magnetic separation. Regardless of the cell wall nature, superior pathogenic cell lysis has been observed for the bacteria suspensions of individual and mixed samples of Salmonella typhi (S.typhi) and Bacillus subtilis (B.subtilis) by the photo-heated nanoparticles. The synthesis of short gold nanorod, conjugation with magnetic nanoparticle and its subsequent laser exposure provides a rapid and reiterated photo-thermal effect with enhanced magnetic separation for efficient bactericidal application in water samples. Resultant novel properties of the nano-aggregates makes them a candidate to be used for a rapid, effective, and re-iterated photo-thermal agent against a wide variety of pathogens to attain microbe free water.

Bio-conjugated popcorn shaped gold nanoparticles for targeted photothermal killing of multiple drug resistant Salmonella DT104

Multiple drug resistant Salmonella enterica serover Typhimurium definitive type 104 (DT104) is at present an emerging threat worldwide. Outbreak of food poisoning by MDRB Salmonella is very common in USA and other countries. As a result, new approaches for the treatment of infectious bacterial pathogens that do not rely on traditional therapeutic regimes are very urgent in today's world. Driven by this need, in this manuscript, we report a monoclonal antibody-conjugated popcorn shaped gold nanomaterial driven approach to selectively destroy ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfonamides, and tetracycline drug resistant Salmonella typhimurium DT104 bacteria. Our result shows that when antibody modified popcorn shaped gold nanoparticle conjugated bacteria sample was exposed to 670 nm laser radiation, almost 100% of drug resistant bacteria were killed due to photothermal lysis. We demonstrate that our gold nanotechnology based assay is capable of destroying MDRB in food samples.

Inside Cover: Rapid Colorimetric Identification and Targeted Photothermal Lysis of Salmonella Bacteria by Using Bioconjugated Oval‐Shaped Gold Nanoparticles (Chem. Eur. J. 19/2010)

An antibody-conjugated nanotechnology-driven approach to track and destroy Salmonella typhimurium bacteria is presented in the Full Paper by P. C. Ray et al. on page 5600 ff. This article demonstrates a label-free, highly selective, colorimetric assay for monitoring and killing bacterial cells by using nanomaterial-based localized heating by NIR irradiation. Since the prevalence of multiple-drug-resistant bacteria is on the rise, it may be the next avenue for exploration.