Phototherapy For Neonatal Jaundice Research Articles

Efficacy of phototherapy of neonatal jaundice - light wavelength matters.

Efficacy of phototherapy of neonatal jaundice - light wavelength matters.

Serum Electrolytes and Calcium Levels in Neonates Receiving Phototherapy for Neonatal Jaundice

Background: Neonatal Jaundice (NJ) is one of the most common causes of neonatal admission. Phototherapy is an important treatment modality for NJ. However, this treatment modality may itself result in changes of different biochemical parameters. The study aimed to evaluate the changes in serum electrolytes (Sodium, potassium and chloride) and calcium in neonates receiving phototherapy for NJ. Materials and methods: One hundred and two term neonates admitted to the Special Care Newborn Unit, Chattogram Medical College Hospital for the management of NJ by phototherapy were enrolled in this prospective observational study. Serum bilirubin, sodium, potassium, chloride and calcium were measured before and after 48 hours of phototherapy and compared. Results: The mean gestational age and mean age of admission of the neonates were 38.6±0.6 weeks and 6.42 ± .67 day respectively. The mean sodium, potassium and calcium level before therapy was respectively, 138.4±1.8 mmol/L, 4.1±0.3 mmol/L and 8.8±0.3 mg/dl. There was significant decrease in the level of mean sodium (136.4±1.6 mmol/L), potassium (3.8 ± 0.3 mmol/L) and calcium (8.4±0.4 mg/dL) after phototherapy. All neonates had normal level of serum calcium, sodium, potassium and chloride before phototherapy. After 48 hours of phototherapy, 46 (45.1%) of them had abnormal values with the incidence hypocalcaemia, hyponatraemia and hypokalemia respectively in 21.6%, 25.5% and 10.8% of the neonates. Conclusion: Neonates undergoing phototherapy are at risk of developing hyponatraemia, hypokalaemia and hypocalcaemia. Closed monitoring is essential to observe the changes in sodium, potassium and calcium and should be managed accordingly. IAHS Medical Journal Volume 6(2) December 2023; 83-86

Risk of childhood cancer in infants treated with phototherapy for neonatal jaundice

Risk of childhood cancer in infants treated with phototherapy for neonatal jaundice

Развитие острой фето-фетальной трансфузии при родоразрешении монохориальных диамниотических двоен

Objective. To determine the incidence and characteristics of acute feto-fetal transfusion (FFT) in patients with an uncomplicated monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA) twin pregnancy who had a vaginal delivery and to compare their perinatal outcomes with those patients who underwent elective cesarean section. Patients and methods. This retrospective study included data on perinatal outcomes of 92 births in patients with MCDA twins delivered at the Maternity Hospital No 17 between 2019 and 2021. All patients were divided into two groups according to the mode of delivery: the study group (n = 49) – vaginal delivery, the control group (n = 43) – elective cesarean section before the onset of labor. Results. No diagnostically significant signs of acute FFT were found among newborns delivered by cesarean section. Acute FFT was detected in four neonates born to two (4%) patients delivered vaginally. These neonates had the Apgar score at 1 minute and 5 minutes greater than 7. Only one of these four neonates required phototherapy for neonatal jaundice caused by polycythemia and transfer to a pediatric hospital for stage 2 neonatal nursing. When comparing perinatal outcomes in patients in both groups delivered after 36 weeks’ gestation, no statistically significant differences in Apgar scores at 1 minute and 5 minutes and differences in hemoglobin levels in newborns were found regardless of delivery. In case of delivery before 36 weeks’ gestation, Apgar scores at 1 minute and 5 minutes were statistically significantly higher in the vaginal delivery group than in the cesarean section group. Conclusion. The data obtained show a low incidence of acute FFT in neonates born through vaginal delivery in an uncomplicated MCDA twin pregnancy and the absence of this complication in newborns delivered by cesarean section. When this specific complication of MCDA twin pregnancy developed among newborns, no perinatal losses were detected, and subsequent postnatal outcomes were favorable. It appears that further studies to clarify the diagnostic criteria and risk factors for the development of acute FFT in labor and the long-term health outcomes for newborns in an uncomplicated MCDA twin pregnancy may reduce the rate of cesarean delivery without worsening perinatal outcomes. Key words: monochorionic twins, acute feto-fetal transfusion, twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome, twin anemia polycythemia sequence

Neonatal healthcare providers’ perceptions of the feasibility of home phototherapy in neonatal jaundice

PurposeThis project aims to explore healthcare professionals’ perceptions of providing home phototherapy for neonatal jaundice as part of standard care. Design and MethodsIn-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of nine healthcare professionals from the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. The data was analyzed according to the Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis using six steps devised by Braun and Clarke for thematic analysis using NVivo Software. ResultsSix major themes were identified that encompassed healthcare professionals’ perceptions of home phototherapy for neonatal jaundice. These themes included: baby factors for home phototherapy, better in own environment, parent factors for home phototherapy, perceived benefits for home phototherapy, perceived risks of home phototherapy, and system factors impacting home phototherapy. ConclusionsHome phototherapy was perceived positively amongst the healthcare professionals. The healthcare professionals expressed many perceived benefits of home phototherapy such as family-centred care, improved bonding, improved establishment of breastfeeding, and decreased healthcare expenditure. Practice implicationsEnables understanding of the barriers to establishing home phototherapy programs and provides a scaffold for the development of these programs.

Wearable Photomedicine for Neonatal Jaundice Treatment Using Blue Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (OLEDs): Toward Textile-Based Wearable Phototherapeutics.

Neonatal jaundice is a very common disease in newborns and can lead to brain damage or death in severe cases. Phototherapy with light-emitting diode (LED) arrays is widely used as the easiest and fastest way to relieve jaundice in newborns, but it has distinct disadvantages such as loss of water in the patient, damage to the retina, and separation from parents. In this paper, a novel light source-based phototherapy for neonatal jaundice is proposed using a textile-based wearable organic light-emitting diode (OLED)platform that can move flexibly and conform to the curvature of the human body. The soft and flexible textile-based blue OLED platform is designed to have a peak wavelength of 470nm, suitable for jaundice treatment, and shows performance (>20 µW cm-2 nm- 1 ) suitable for intensive jaundice treatment even at low voltage (<4.0V). The textile-based OLEDs fabricated in this study exhibit an operating reliability of over 100 h and low-temperature operation (<35 °C). The results of an in vitro jaundice treatment test using a large-area blue OLED confirm that the bilirubin level decreases to 12mg dL-1 with 3 h of OLED irradiation.

Establishing the Optimal Time for Induction of Labor in Women with Diet-Controlled Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Single-Center Observational Study.

To determine the optimal week for labor induction in women with diet-controlled gestational diabetes mellitus by comparing differences in perinatal and neonatal outcomes of labor induction to expectant management at different gestational weeks. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of a prospectively recruited cohort of 797 singleton pregnancies complicated by diet-controlled gestational diabetes mellitus that were diagnosed, treated, and delivered after 37 weeks in a tertiary, university-affiliated perinatal center between January 2016 and December 2021. Results: The incidence of neonatal complications was highest when delivery occurred at 37 weeks, whereas fetal macrosomia occurred mostly at 41 weeks (20.7%); the frequency of large for gestational age infants did not differ between the groups. Conversely, the best neonatal outcomes were observed at 40 weeks due to the lowest number of neonates requiring phototherapy for neonatal jaundice (1.7%) and the smallest proportion of neonates experiencing composite adverse neonatal outcomes defined as neonatal hypoglycemia, phototherapy, clavicle fracture, or umbilical artery pH &lt; 7.15 (10.4%). Compared with expectant management, the risk for neonatal hypoglycemia was increased for induction at 39 weeks (adjusted odds ratio 12.29, 95% confidence interval 1.35-111.75, p = 0.026) and that for fetal macrosomia was decreased for induction at 40 weeks (adjusted odds ratio 0.11, 95% confidence interval 0.01-0.92, p = 0.041), after adjusting for maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index, nulliparity, and mean pregnancy A1c. Conclusions: The lowest rate of neonatal complications was observed at 40 weeks. Labor induction at 40 weeks prevented fetal macrosomia.

Noninvasive monitoring of bilirubin photoisomer excretion during phototherapy

Lumirubin is the most prevalently excreted hydrophilic bilirubin photoisomer in phototherapy for neonatal jaundice caused by excess hydrophobic unconjugated bilirubin (ZZ-bilirubin). We developed a simple method to estimate the amount of lumirubin by monitoring the reverse photoisomerization of lumirubin to ZZ-bilirubin. Although lumirubin formation was long considered irreversible, exposure to blue light in the presence of the fluorescent protein UnaG, which binds specifically and tightly to ZZ-bilirubin, enables the reverse photoisomerization of lumirubin. This reaction was first detected using a fluorescence assay of neonatal urine sampled during phototherapy and purified lumirubin. The phenomenon of reverse photoisomerization of lumirubin was validated using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, which confirmed that lumirubin is reconverted to ZZ-bilirubin in the presence of UnaG. Analyses of 20 urine samples from 17 neonates revealed a significant correlation (correlation coefficient [r] = 0.978; 95% confidence interval 0.867–0.979; P < .001) between lumirubin and ZZ-bilirubin concentration before and after reverse photoisomerization. In general, the rate of photo-reconversion of lumirubin to ZZ-bilirubin is approximately 40%. In conclusion, we demonstrate here that lumirubin can be photo-reconverted to ZZ-bilirubin via exposure to blue light in the presence of UnaG. Utilizing this approach, urinary lumirubin levels can be estimated using an easy-to-perform fluorescence assay.

Challenges and recommendations to improve implementation of phototherapy among neonates in Malawian hospitals

BackgroundSevere neonatal jaundice can result in long term morbidities and mortality when left untreated. Phototherapy is the main-stay intervention for treating moderate jaundice and for prevention of the development of severe jaundice. However, in resource-limited health care settings, phototherapy has been inconsistently used. The objective of this study is to evaluate barriers and facilitators for phototherapy to treat neonatal jaundice at Malawian hospitals.MethodsWe conducted a convergent mixed-method study comprised of a facility assessment and qualitative interviews with healthcare workers and caregivers in southern Malawi. The facility assessment was conducted at three secondary-level hospitals in rural districts. In-depth interviews following a semi-structured topic guide were conducted at a district hospital and a tertiary-level hospital. Interviews were thematically analysed in NVivo 12 software (QSR International, Melbourne, Australia).ResultsThe facility assessment found critical gaps in initiating and monitoring phototherapy in all facilities. Based on a total of 31 interviews, participants identified key challenges in diagnosing neonatal jaundice, counselling caregivers, and availability of infrastructure. Participants emphasized the need for transcutaneous bilirubinometers to guide treatment decisions. Caregivers were sometimes fearful of potential harmful effects of phototherapy, which required adequate explanation to mothers and family members in non-medical language. Task shifting and engaging peer support for caregivers with concerns about phototherapy was recommended.ConclusionImplementation of a therapeutic intervention is limited if accurate diagnostic tests are unavailable. The scale up of therapeutic interventions, such as phototherapy for neonatal jaundice, requires careful holistic attention to infrastructural needs, supportive services such as laboratory integration as well as trained human resources.

Association between umbilical cord clamping time, hemoglobin and total serum bilirubin in term neonates admitted for phototherapy

BackgroundThe aim of the study was to investigate relationship between cord clamping status, total hemoglobin (THb) and total bilirubin (TBil) in term infants requiring phototherapy for neonatal jaundice. MethodsThis retrospective study included term infants admitted at the study hospital for management of physiological neonatal jaundice between 2013 and 2019. Associations between THb, TBil, cord clamping status and Direct Coombs Test (DCT) status, as well as correlation between laboratory and blood gas analyzer (BGA) methods were investigated. Results258 term infants were included. 147 infants had cord clamping status documented; 111 had unknown cord clamping status. Delayed cord clamping (DCC) was associated with significantly higher mean THb in DCT negative infants only. Negative DCT was associated with higher THb and TBil regardless of cord clamping status. Mean TBil concentration did not change with increasing THb or cord clamping status. The incidence of term infants admitted for phototherapy increased over the study period. There was strong positive correlation between BGA and laboratory assays. ConclusionsDCC was associated with a higher THb in DCT negative infants only. There was no correlation between THb and TBil. There was strong positive correlation of TBil between BGA and laboratory assays thus supporting BGA use in ambulatory care settings.

Pilot study of home phototherapy for neonatal jaundice monitored in maternity ward during the enforced Italy-wide COVID-19 national lockdown.

In Italy, where neonatal jaundice treatment is required, it is largely carried out in hospitals. However, it is possible to safely administer home phototherapy (HPT). We report our pilot center’s experience of HPT and its potential benefits during the COVID-19-enforced national lockdown. This is an observational study performed at the Policlinic Abano Terme, a suburban hospital that covers a large catchment area near the Euganean Hills in Northeast Italy with around 1000 deliveries per year. HPT was started after regular nursery discharge, and the mothers brought the neonates back to the hospital maternity ward each day to check infants’ bilirubin levels, weight, and general state of health, until it was deemed safe to stop. The efficacy of HPT in bilirubin reduction, hospital readmission rates, and parental satisfaction were evaluated. Thirty infants received HPT. In 4 of these infants, HPT was associated with total serum bilirubin (TSB) between 75 and 95th percentile (high-intermediate-risk zone) and in 26 infants HPT was associated with TSB > 95th percentile (high-risk zone) of the Bhutani nomogram. Among these 30 infants, 27 (90%) completed the HPT with a progressive decrease of TSB levels with 4 neonates requiring a second course and 3 infants requiring a third course of 24-h HPT. Three (10%) neonates failed HPT and were readmitted after one 24-h phototherapy course. No abnormalities of breastfeeding, body weight (defined as > 10% decrease), temperature, nor COVID infections were detected following HPT consultation in the neonatal ward. Home treatment efficacy with varying degrees of parental satisfaction occurred in all but 3 cases that involved difficulties with the equipment and inconsistent lamp manipulation practices.Conclusion: Our pilot study suggests that HPT for neonatal jaundice can be carried out effectively and with parental satisfaction as supported by daily back bilirubin monitoring in the maternity ward during the enforced COVID-19 national lockdown in Italy. What is Known:• No high-quality evidence is currently available to support or refute the practice of phototherapy in patients’ own homes.What is New:• Phototherapy can be delivered at home in a select group of infants and could be an ideal option if parents are able to return with their infants to the hospital maternity ward for daily follow-up.• It can be as effective as inpatient phototherapy and potentially helps in delivering family-centered care.

TO STUDY EFFECT OF PHOTOTHERAPY ON SERUM SODIUM, POTASSIUM AND CHLORIDE LEVELS IN NEONATAL JAUNDICE

INTRODUCTION The most common morbidity in the rst week of life is the jaundice which occurs in 80% of term and 60% of preterm neonates and is the most often causes readmission after the baby is discharged from the hospital. The treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is phototherapy. Like any other treatment modality, phototherapy also has side effects of which very few studies were done on electrolyte disturbances. Hence present study was designed to determine the serum sodium, potassium and chloride changes in neonates receiving phototherapy for neonatal jaundice. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To study the effect of phototherapy on serum sodium, Potassium and Chloride levels in neonates with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. MATERIALS AND METHODS This Hospital Based Longitudinal Observational Study was done in the Department of Paediatrics at MMIMSR, Mullana over a period of one and a half year. Serum bilirubin, sodium, Potassium and Chloride levels were measured before initiation of phototherapy and on termination of phototherapy. RESULTS The study included 100 neonates with hyperbilirubinemia treated with phototherapy with male: female ratio of 58%:42%.The mean gestational age was 37.681.63 weeks and birth weight was 2.790.38kgs. The age of onset of phototherapy and duration of phototherapy were 3.802.50 days and 28.627.02 hours respectively. Before phototherapy, the total serum bilirubin, sodium, potassium and chloride levels were 13.87±1.41,140.72±3.45,4.55±0.44 and 106.08±3.1 respectively which decreased to 9.50±1.60,137.45±3.09,4.20±0.46 and 104.52±3.91 with statistically signicant change in bilirubin(p&lt;0.0001),sodium(p&lt;0.0001), potassium(p&lt;0.0001) and Chloride(p=0.0038).

Maternal Exposure to Air Pollution Is Associated with Neonatal Jaundice: A Retrospective Cohort Study

To evaluate the association between maternal ambient pollutant exposure and neonatal jaundice in multiple pollutant species and examine sex differences. Epidemiologic study: Records of 13 297 newborns (6153 male, 7144 female) born in Taichung, Taiwan were obtained from a national database. Average concentrations of prenatal air pollutants 3months prior to birth were divided into low, middle, and high levels. Neonatal jaundice phototherapy rates between mothers who suffered varying air pollutant levels were compared. Clinical study: Three hundred seventy-six newborns (189 male, 187 female) born and received jaundice treatment with phototherapy in a hospital in Taichung, Taiwan were recruited. The correlation between prenatal exposure to air pollutants 3months prior to birth, newborn's serum bilirubin, and serum hemoglobin were calculated. Epidemiologic study: Male newborns born to mothers exposed to high carbon monoxide (CO), nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and methane (CH4) levels had higher phototherapy rates. In female newborns, the same was noted for CO and CH4. Clinical study: Male newborns had a positive correlation between CO, ≤2.5μm diameter particles, ≤10μm diameter particles, NO, NO2, nonmethane hydrocarbon, and CH4 exposure 3months prior to birth and serum bilirubin levels. Female newborns had a positive correlation for CH4. A positive correlation between CO, ≤2.5μm diameter particles, ≤10μm diameter particles, NO2, nonmethane hydrocarbon, CH4 exposure, and serum hemoglobin levels was noted in male newborns. Maternal exposure to air pollutants may increase neonatal jaundice treatment rates for phototherapy and higher neonatal serum total bilirubin level. Higher hemoglobin levels because of higher pollutant exposures may explain our findings. The association was more obvious in male newborns.

Effect of Phototherapy on Serum Calcium and Magnesium Levels in Neonates Receiving Phototherapy for Neonatal Jaundice

Effect of Phototherapy on Serum Calcium and Magnesium Levels in Neonates Receiving Phototherapy for Neonatal Jaundice

Efficacy of single phototherapy with low-cost reflective sheets versus single phototherapy alone in mild-to-moderate unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia in full-term neonates

ABSTRACT Background An economical alternative method of increasing the light intensity of phototherapy for neonatal jaundice is the use of reflective sheets placed on the sides of the incubator. Aim To determine whether reflective sheets in addition to phototherapy increase the reduction of bilirubin levels and the duration of hospital stay. Methods The study was undertaken in the neonatal intensive care unit of Cairo University Children’s Hospital. There were two groups: a study group of 90 full-term neonates with neonatal jaundice who received single phototherapy in incubators covered with white plastic reflective sheets and a control group of 90 full-term neonates with neonatal jaundice who received single phototherapy without the reflective sheets. Results The mean (SD) rate of bilirubin decline in the first 24 hours of phototherapy was greater in the study group [3.7 (0.86) µmol/L/hr] than in the control group [2.2 (0.14) µmol/L/hr] (p<0.001). Conclusion Use of reflective sheets decreases the total duration of phototherapy and the cost and duration of hospitalisation without any added complications. Abbreviations: AAP: American Academy of Pediatrics; HIDS: high-intensity double-surface; LMIC: low- and middle-income countries; MCTP: mirror-covered tunnel phototherapy; NICU: neonatal intensive care unit; TSB: total serum bilirubin.

White LED phototherapy as an improved treatment for neonatal jaundice.

With the aim of improving phototherapy for neonatal jaundice (hyperbilirubinemia), this study investigates the degradation of unconjugated bilirubin under irradiance by conventional light and by white, red, green, and blue LED sources in vitro. The absorption spectra of bilirubin under these different light sources are compared. The results demonstrate that white LED phototherapy promotes more efficient bilirubin degradation than conventional blue-light therapy. This study provides a basis for the design of novel phototherapy devices for the treatment of hyperbilirubinemia.

Effects of delayed cord clamping on neonatal jaundice, phototherapy and early hematological status in term cesarean section

BackgroundDelayed cord clamping in full-term neonates is widely recommended, while in practice, it is rarely implemented in cesarean section due to the fear of neonatal jaundice and excessive maternal blood loss. The optimal timing of cord clamping remains uncertain. This study was to fully evaluate the effects of delayed cord clamping on short-term hematological status and jaundice in term neonates delivered by cesarean section.MethodsThis retrospective study enrolled 796 women, who were allocated into the early cord clamping group (n = 377) and the delayed cord clamping group (n = 419). The latter group was further divided into two subgroups (30–60 s, 61–120 s).The outcomes were neonatal transcutaneous bilirubin levels on 0 to 5 days of life and the rate of phototherapy. For neonates who had blood tests on the first three days of life, their hemoglobin and hematocrit were compared among groups.ResultsCompared with the early cord clamping group, delayed cord clamping merely increased the transcutaneous bilirubin level of neonates on the day of birth rather than that on the following five days. The heel peripheral blood sample size of 1–3 days in the early cord clamping group was 61, 25 and 33, and in the delayed cord clamping group was 53, 46 and 32, respectively. Delayed cord clamping at 30–60 s resulted in the higher neonatal hemoglobin level on day 3 and an increased rate of neonatal polycythemia, without a higher rate of phototherapy. Delayed cord clamping beyond 60 s did not further improve hematological status in term neonates born by cesarean section.ConclusionIn cesarean section, delayed cord clamping for 30–60 s improved the early hematological status of term neonates without the enhanced requirement of phototherapy for neonatal jaundice.

English

The first report on the use of phototherapy for treatment of neonates with jaundice was published more than 20 years ago. Since then, phototherapy has been used extensively in the treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia. Phototherapy is the use of visible light for the treatment of hyperbilirubinaemia in the newborn. There are different types of phototherapy systems in use in recent times. Effectiveness of phototherapy depends on several factors which should be considered while delivering phototherapy to a jaundiced neonate. Effective phototherapy has decreased the need for exchange transfusion. Proper nursing care enhances the effectiveness of phototherapy and minimises complications. Jaundice is benign in most of the cases, but because of potential bilirubin toxicity, strict and close monitoring is required. Prompt recognition and intervention of the infants at increased risk for developing hyperbilirubinaemia forms the first step in management. The focus is to prevent development of severe hyperbilirubinaemia by early recognition and initiation of treatment. Counselling of parents, especially mother also plays a major role in the treatment of neonatal jaundice. Recommended guidelines are intended to be used by hospitals and treating paediatricians, neonatologists and advanced practice nurses trained in neonatology. Phototherapy devices include fluorescent, halogen, fibreoptic or light emitting diode light sources. Each type has its own benefits and side effects. Many studies were available comparing the efficacy of various types of phototherapy systems. The purpose of this review article was to provide a conceptual review on role of phototherapy in neonatal jaundice, different types of phototherapy systems in use, recent advances and probable side effects of phototherapy. KEY WORDS Bilirubin, Hyperbilirubinaemia, Jaundice, Neonatal Intensive Care, Newborn, Phototherapy

Effect of Addition of Probiotics to Standard Treatment on Neonatal Jaundice

Objective: To compare the mean change in the bilirubin levels with addition of probiotics to standard treatment for the management of neonatal jaundice. Methodology: The randomized controlled trial was undertaken at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the Paediatrics Department, Federal Government Polyclinic (Post Graduate Medical Institute), Islamabad from 1st April to 30th September 2019.  Neonates with hyperbilirubinemia requiring phototherapy were randomly divided into two groups, each having 30 patients. Group A received probiotics along with phototherapy while group B received phototherapy alone. Primary outcome was serum total bilirubin, which was calculated on 0, 1 and 3 days of treatment. Duration of phototherapy and patient's outcome was also recorded. Data was analyzed statistically using SPSS v. 23. Results: The mean serum bilirubin level after 24 hours was 14.27 ± 4.35 mg/dl in combination group while 16.43 ± 4.36 mg/dl in phototherapy group (p &gt; 0.05). After 48 hours, the mean serum bilirubin level was 12.37 ± 3.33 mg/dl in combination group while 14.09 ± 3.60 mg/dl in phototherapy group (p &gt; 0.05). After 72 hours, the mean serum bilirubin level was 11.09 ± 2.87 mg/dl in combination group while 11.72 ± 2.96 mg/dl in phototherapy group (p &gt; 0.05). The mean time required of blue light phototherapy was 43.47 ± 20.71 hours in combination group while 61.53 ±28.27 hours in phototherapy group (p &lt; 0.05). All neonates were discharged. Conclusion: Addition of probiotics to standard treatment decreased the time required for the phototherapy in neonatal jaundice. However no statistically significant difference was seen in the bilirubin levels between the two groups.

41.1: Invited Paper: [Invited] Textile‐OLEDs with high wearing comfort used for fashion displays and phototherapy applications

Clothing‐type, textile‐based OLEDs and their bio‐medical application have been investigated. Textile‐based OLEDs have shown wide applicability and washability as well as high flexibility for a wearing textile displays. Furthermore, a novel phototherapy for neonatal jaundice by using textile‐OLEDs was proposed in this work.