English

Abstract

The first report on the use of phototherapy for treatment of neonates with jaundice was published more than 20 years ago. Since then, phototherapy has been used extensively in the treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia. Phototherapy is the use of visible light for the treatment of hyperbilirubinaemia in the newborn. There are different types of phototherapy systems in use in recent times. Effectiveness of phototherapy depends on several factors which should be considered while delivering phototherapy to a jaundiced neonate. Effective phototherapy has decreased the need for exchange transfusion. Proper nursing care enhances the effectiveness of phototherapy and minimises complications. Jaundice is benign in most of the cases, but because of potential bilirubin toxicity, strict and close monitoring is required. Prompt recognition and intervention of the infants at increased risk for developing hyperbilirubinaemia forms the first step in management. The focus is to prevent development of severe hyperbilirubinaemia by early recognition and initiation of treatment. Counselling of parents, especially mother also plays a major role in the treatment of neonatal jaundice. Recommended guidelines are intended to be used by hospitals and treating paediatricians, neonatologists and advanced practice nurses trained in neonatology. Phototherapy devices include fluorescent, halogen, fibreoptic or light emitting diode light sources. Each type has its own benefits and side effects. Many studies were available comparing the efficacy of various types of phototherapy systems. The purpose of this review article was to provide a conceptual review on role of phototherapy in neonatal jaundice, different types of phototherapy systems in use, recent advances and probable side effects of phototherapy. KEY WORDS Bilirubin, Hyperbilirubinaemia, Jaundice, Neonatal Intensive Care, Newborn, Phototherapy