Photographs Of Specimens Research Articles

장님노린재과(노린재목) 한국미기록 2종에 대한 보고

2종의 장님노린재(Pachylygus nigrescens (Kerzhner 1977), Deraeocoris yasunagai Nakatani 1995)의 국내분포를 처음으로 확인하고 형태적 특징과 분포 등 종 동정에 필요한 정보를 성충 사진과 함께 간략히 기술하였다. Two species of Miridae, Pachylygus nigrescens (Kerzhner 1977) and Deraeocoris yasunagai Nakatani 1995, are reported for the first time from Korea. The brief information on them is presented with the photos of specimens.

Quantitative Characterization of the Achilles Tendon in Cadaveric Specimens: T1 and T2* Measurements Using Ultrashort-TE MRI at 3 T

The objective of our study was to provide a quantitative means of evaluating the intrinsic T1 and T2(*) values of the Achilles tendon through the measurement of T1 recovery and T2(*) relaxation times, respectively, using ultrashort-TE (UTE) MRI at 3 T with histologic correlation. Six cadaveric specimens underwent MRI at 3 T. The MRI protocol included standard MRI and UTE pulse sequences. For T1 measurement, a saturation recovery time method was applied (saturation recovery time range, 10-1,600 milliseconds), and for T2(*) measurements, a constant TR-varying TE method was used (TE, 100 microseconds-15 milliseconds). An analysis algorithm written in Matlab was executed offline on axial DICOM images for the T1 and T2(*) measurements in areas of normal tendon. The cadaveric specimens were subsequently frozen to -40 degrees C. They were sectioned with the slice thickness corresponding to the MR images. Anatomic sections were photographed and visually inspected. Specimens were then processed for histology. MR images, specimen photographs, and histology results were reviewed by two musculoskeletal radiologists and one pathologist. Compared with histology results, the combination of UTE and standard MRI provided an accurate means of identifying normal tendon. The mean T1 measurement was 621 milliseconds and the mean T2(*) measurement was 2.18 milliseconds in histologically proven regions of normal tendon. The UTE MR sequence offers structural information about and allows reproducible quantitative evaluation of tissues with short T2 components, such as tendons, that are inaccessible on conventional MRI. This technique showed T1 and T2(*) measurements in the normal Achilles tendon and allowed correlation with structural status by histology. Because of the small number of specimens, this is considered a feasibility study.

Taxonomic Revision of the Chiliotrichum Group sensu stricto (Compositae: Astereae)

The ChiliotrichumGroup sensu lato (Compositae: Astereae) comprises 11 genera and 31 species distributed from Colombia to Tierra del Fuego, and it is composed of four main clades: the Chiliotrichumclade (composed of Aylacophora, Chiliophyllum, Chiliotrichum, and Lepidophyllum), the Haroldiaclade (composed of Haroldia), the Llerasia clade (composed of Llerasia and Ocyroe), and the Nardophyllum clade (composed of Cabreraea, Chiliotrichiopsis, Katinasia, and Nardophyllum). A taxonomic revision is presented for Chiliotrichum, Haroldia, and Nardophyllum clades, which are referred to here as ChiliotrichumGroup sensu stricto. The ChiliotrichumGroup sensu stricto, composed of 9 genera and 16 species, constitutes the most diverse assemblage of taxa in the ChiliotrichumGroup sensu lato. All species in the ChiliotrichumGroup sensu stricto were taxonomically evaluated and circumscribed based on analysis of the protologues, laboratory studies, and careful study of nearly all type material, dried specimen collections, and extensive field observations. Keys for genera in the Chiliotrichum Group sensu lato and species for the genera treated are provided. Also provided for these species are complete synonymies, detailed descriptions, line drawings, photographs of live specimens and their habitat, and distribution maps. A list of all specimens examined is presented for each species. Three genera are described herein as new: Cabreraea, Katinasia, and Haroldia; and four new combinations are presented: Chiliotrichum fuegianum (O. Hoffm.) Bonif., Cabreraea andina (Cabrera) Bonif., Katinasia cabrerae (Bonif.) Bonif., and Haroldia mendocina (Cabrera) Bonif. One species name is neotypified (Barnadesia lanata Meyen), and six synonyms of accepted taxa are lectotypified. One species, Chiliotrichum rosmarinifolium, is reduced to the synonymy of Chiliotrichum diffusum. KEY WORDS: Astereae, Argentina, Aylacophora, Bolivia, Cabreraea gen. nov., Chile, Chiliophyllum, Chiliotrichiopsis, Chiliotrichum, Chiliotrichum Group sensu lato, Chiliotrichum Group sensu stricto, Compositae, Haroldia gen. nov., Katinasia gen. nov., Lepidophyllum, Llerasia, morphology, Nardophyllum, nomenclature, Ocyroe, Peru, taxonomy.

Large Epidermoid Cyst of the Breast: Report of a Case

Epidermoid cysts are located mainly in the subcutaneous layer of the trunk and are often small and asymptomatic. When they develop in the breast parenchyma they are a rare benign condition, yet have the potential for malignancy. We report on a 39 year-old female who presented with a large protruding lump from her left breast. The mass grew up to more than 10 cm in diameter during the period of five years. Enlarged left axillary lymph nodes were noted also. A malignant tumor was suspected based on the imaging and clinical features. She underwent tumor excision and an epidermoid cyst was confirmed by histopathologic assessment. We collected the breast images, the surgical specimen photographs and reviewed the literature. To the best of our knowledge, the cyst reported here is the largest of the epidermoid cysts arising within the breast that have been reported. Although at times, the epidermoid cyst is difficult to distinguish from a malignant tumor, surgical excision is justified because of its potential for malignancy.

Taking Photographs with a Microscope

We describe a simple, economical, and highly practical technique for taking digital photographs of specimens visualized through a light microscope. Most models of light microscope and compact digital camera, and even some cameraphones, can be used. The technique is quick to learn and can easily be performed in a resource-poor setting. It can be used to assist with diagnosis in remote areas and can be extremely useful for teaching.

Diseases of the Chest: Imaging Diagnosis Based on Pattern Classification

A new and unique approach to evaluating chest radiographs This book takes a unique approach to diagnostic imaging of the chest. Rather than simply providing examples of image findings in respiratory diseases, a link is drawn between types of pathology and the kinds of patterns that are elicited in the radiologic images. In a cooperative effort between specialists in radiology, respiratory medicine, and oncology, a logical and comprehensive classification of the patterns that may appear in images, caused by underlying pathology, is presented in 20 types of patterns. Based on this classification, creating a differential diagnosis is simplified, and made more efficient. Highly illustrated and with only a minimum of necessary text, classes of findings such as increased radiolucency or alveolar shadow: atelectasis are used to orient the user toward the underlying medical problem. Tables help to organize the basic findings so as to be able to arrive at a differential diagnosis confidently. While the emphasis is on the chest X-ray, a strong supporting role is played by appropriate CT images, drawings, and photographs of pathologic specimens. Even the index to this book is unique, making reference primarily not to topics, but to the types of images, whether radiograph, CT, or pathologic specimen.

Taxonomic Notes on Alloeotomus Species (Heteroptera: Miridae: Deraeocorinae) in Korea

Two Korean Alloeotomus species, A. chinensis Reuter 1903 and A. simplus (Uhler 1896), have been often misidentified each other because of the insufficient information and the erroneous description by Linnavuori (1963) on A. chinensis. This study provides detailed taxonomic information on these two Alloeotomus species from South Korea. Redescriptons on the two species are given with the photos of male and female specimens, live male adults, and vesica and left paramere of male genitalia.

RUSSIAN–AMERICAN LONG-TERM CENSUS OF THE ARCTIC: BENTHIC FISHES TRAWLED IN THE CHUKCHI SEA AND BERING STRAIT, AUGUST 2004

Bottom trawl nets towed at 17 stations from Bering Strait to the northwestern Chukchi Sea during the 1st cruise of the Russian–American Long-term Census of the Arctic (RUSALCA) in August 2004 caught 33 or more species of fishes distributed among 10 families. The families with the most species were Cottidae (8), Zoarcidae (6 or 7), and Agonidae (4). The 4 most abundant fishes were Gymnocanthus tricuspis (Cottidae), Myoxocephalus scorpius groenlandicus (Cottidae), Hippoglossoides robustus (Pleuronectidae), and Boreogadus saida (Gadidae), collectively accounting for 79% of the catch by numbers. Theragra chalcogramma, H. robustus, and M. polyacanthocephalus occurred farther north than previously recorded. We found the 2nd and 3rd records of occurrence of Liparis fabricii for the Chukchi Sea and a new maximum size for that species; and the 2nd record of Pallasina barbata for the Chukchi Sea. New studies of fresh and archived material clarified historical distributions and enabled more accurate identification of species such as M. scorpius, Hexagrammos stelleri, Hemilepidotus (Melletes) papilio, Podothecus veternus, Lycodes mucosus, and L. polaris. Some fishes, notably Gymnelus, could not be readily identified. Color photographs of fresh specimens should assist in field identifications of species that are difficult to identify or are often misidentified.

The type material of the species of Laparocerus Schönherr, 1834 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae)

The type material of all species presently assigned to the curculionid genus Laparocerus Schönherr, 1834, and described prior to 2006, is here compiled as an advance of the revision of the genus undertaken by the author. A total of 105 names of taxa of the species level are considered valid and 24 invalid. These later cases relate to homonyms or synonyms, of which the following seven are here newly established (n. syn.): chaoensis Uyttenboogaart, 1940 = vandeli Roudier, 1958; eliasenae Uyttenboogaart, 1929 = cymbula Roudier, 1957; escalerai Uyttenboogaart, 1937 = longehirtus Roudier, 1957; hirtus Wollaston, 1854 = doramasensis Uyteenboogaart, 1929; morio Boheman, 1834 = obesulus Desbrochers, 1904; sanchezi Roudier, 1951 = nitidirostris Roudier, 1951; and susicus (Escalera, 1914) = tessellatus (Hustache, 1932). Laparocerus incomptus (Wollaston, 1864), type species of the subgenus Amyntas Wollaston, 1865, is re‐established as a good species. Furthermore, Laparocerus wollastoni Heer, 1857 (a fossil species) and L. piceus Boheman, 1834 are considered nomina dubia. A total of 52 lectotypes have been designated, as well as neotypes for Omias tessellatus Brullé, 1839 and Lichenophagus incomptus Wollaston, 1864. Some photographs of type specimens and of the two neotypes are provided. Depositary collections and type locality information has been revised and completed as far as possible.

Geology of southeast Alaska: rock and ice in motion

Geology of southeast Alaska: rock and ice in motion

A redescription of Facelina stearnsi Cockerell, 1901 (Nudibranchia: Aeolidacea: Facelinidae) with a reassignment of its generic placement

Facelina steamsi Cockerell, 1901 is known from Santa Cruz (Nelson 1986) to La Jolla, California (Behrens 1991). Several preserved specimens are examined and compared with the original description and other species in the genus AlIstraeolis Burn, 1962. The coloration, reproductive and radular morphology are described in detail for the first time using SE M, compound microscopy and photographs of live specimens. Observation of several new morphological and anatomical characters suggests a reassignment of Facelina stcamsi to the genus AlIstraeolis Burn, 1962.

AN IDENTIFICATION GUIDE TO THE WHITEFLIES (HEMIPTERA: ALEYRODIDAE) OF THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES

Whiteflies (Aleyrodidae) are some of the most potentially detrimental pests for agricultural crops and the ornamental plant industry in the southeastern U.S. Generic and species-level identification can be difficult for entomology identifiers that have not received specialized training, but correct identification is essential for (1) the detection of exotic, invasive species and (2) providing proper management recommendations for established pest problems. In order to assist in the identification of commonly occurring specimens in the southeastern U.S. and promote the early detection of exotic species, a generic level key with corresponding distribution records has been developed for thirty four genera and/or whitefly species. Photographs of slide-mounted specimens are provided for each species.

Developing and Implementing an Assessment Method to Evaluate a Virtual Canine Anatomy Program

A computer-based anatomy program, Virtual Canine Anatomy: The Head, was incorporated into a first-year veterinary dissection laboratory two years ago to address challenges inherent in the traditional pedagogical approach. The program uses specimen photographs, QuickTime Virtual Reality, and interactive features to help students study the dissection, osteology, and radiology of the canine head. Photographs of each phase of dissection are displayed in the program, along with dissection instructions. Students can click on anatomical structures in each photograph to highlight the selected structure and display a complete description of it. Related structures and views are accessible through hyperlinks. This study was designed to measure student and faculty attitudes toward the instructional software, to gauge its effect on student achievement, and to propose evaluation methodology and instrumentation for similar projects. Observations, interviews, focus groups, surveys, and test results were used for this assessment. Results suggest positive student and faculty attitudes toward the program. Students felt the program met their needs, increased their confidence and efficiency, and was easy to use. Both students and instructors felt the program was beneficial during dissection. There was no significant change in student achievement on course tests. Future research will measure the program's effect on student-instructor interactions.

Paratrichodorus divergens sp. n., a new potential virus vector of tobacco rattle virus and additional observations on P. hispanus Roca & Arias, 1986 from Portugal (Nematoda: Trichodoridae)

AbstractDuring a survey of trichodorids in continental Portugal, a new trichodorid species, Paratrichodorus divergens sp. n., was found. It is described and illustrated with specimens from the type locality together with additional morphometric data and photographs of specimens obtained from soil samples collected in seven other localities. The species is characterised in the female by distinct drop-like to triangular oblique vaginal sclerotisations diverging outwards and sperm cells usually distributed all through the uteri, and in the male by thin, almost straight, striated spicules, the two posteriormost precloacal supplements being located relatively close to one another and usually opposite the distal third of the retracted spicules, presence of a slightly bilobed cloacal lip and sperm cells with a sausage-shaped nucleus. Paratrichodorus divergens sp. n. most closely resembles P. hispanus Roca & Arias, 1986 with which it often occurs in mixed populations. Additional information is also provided for P. hispanus. Coding of the features of the new species is given following the identification key of Decraemer and Baujard.

Flora Paraibana: Annonaceae Juss

Este trabalho é parte integrante do Projeto Flora Paraibana e teve como objetivo realizar o tratamento taxonômico da família Annonaceae para o Estado. Para sua elaboração foram realizadas coletas em diversos municípios do Estado, além do levantamento das exsicatas depositadas nos herbários JPB, EAN e IPA. A identificação do material foi feita com o auxílio de chaves analíticas, bibliografia especializada e fototipos. As descrições e as ilustrações foram elaboradas com base nas observações de material herborizado e/ou plantas vivas. Foram registrados para a Paraíba seis gêneros, compreendendo 15 espécies: Anaxagorea (1), Annona (6), Duguetia (2), Guatteria (2), Rollinia (2) e Xylopia (2), sendo 11 delas novas referências para o Estado.

On the Validity and Confused Identity of Serpophaga Griseiceps Berlioz 1959 (Tyrannidae)

Abstract Berlioz (1959) described Serpophaga griseiceps on the basis of four specimens from Cochabamba, Bolivia, housed at the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris, France). Traylor (1979) subsumed the taxon, without justification, in S. munda after examining other specimens from Cochabamba at the Field Museum of Natural History (FMNH; Chicago, Illinois). Remsen and Traylor (1989) added that S. griseiceps represents the juvenal plumage of S. munda. Straneck (1993) presented new data from central Argentina to revalidate S. griseiceps, and although that account has methodological problems, numerous authors have endorsed its taxonomic conclusions. We re-evaluated the validity of S. griseiceps by examining the type series and specimens deposited at the Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales (Buenos Aires, Argentina) and our own field data from Cochabamba, and by critiquing Straneck's taxonomic conclusions. The type specimens of S. griseiceps clearly resemble juvenile S. munda. Photographs of those specimens were compared by T. S. Schulenberg with the FMNH specimens examined by Traylor, confirming that the former are referable to S. munda. Both “forms” differ consistently in plumage coloration from Argentine specimens considered by Straneck to be referable to S. griseiceps. The type series of S. griseiceps coincides with S. munda in wing chord, tail, and tarsus length, and both “forms” have significantly longer wings and tails than Straneck's birds from Argentina. Intensive field surveys in the Cochabamba basin documented the occurrence of only one species of Serpophaga tyrannulet, S. munda. Serpophaga griseiceps should therefore be considered a junior synonym of S. munda, whereas Straneck's S. griseiceps is apparently referable to an undescribed cryptic species of Serpophaga tyrannulet.

Erimetopus vandenbrandeni (Balss, 1936) n. comb., with notes on the taxonomy of the genus Erimetopus Rathbun, 1894 (Brachyura: Potamoidea: Potamonautidae) from Central Africa

The Central African freshwater crab genus Erimetopus (family Potamonautidae) is revived to accommodate two species, E. brazzae (A. Milne-Edwards, 1886) and E. vandenbrandeni (Balss, 1936) n. comb. The genus Erimetopus Rathbun, 1894, and the two species assigned to it here, are redescribed from type material, and lectotypes for each species are selected. Erimetopus spinosus Rathbun, 1894 is judged here to be a junior synonym of E. brazzae, and P. (E.) b. frontospinulosa is treated as a subspecies of E. brazzae. Illustrations and photographs of the type specimens of these taxa are provided, and new gonopod evidence based on E. vandenbrandeni is evaluated. The distributions of the species of Erimetopus are described and discussed, and keys to the genera of African freshwater crabs and to the species of Erimetopus are provided.

On-orbit and ground testing of space environment interactions with materials

During the past 12 years, a significant number of different materials have been returned to Earth after extended exposure to space in low Earth orbits. The process steps required to conduct on-orbit exposure experiments and a brief historical outline of materials experiments to date will be described. Examples of material degradation, with emphasis on coatings, will be presented using on-orbit and post-flight photographs of spacecraft hardware and flight test specimens. Results of post-flight testing will be compared with test results from ground-based systems. Oxidation of coatings, darkening of surfaces due to UV-induced chemical bond rearrangement, and displacement of oxygen atoms from pigments due to proton and electron impact, mechanical failure due to thermal cycling, damage due to microscopic particle impact, and multiple bond ruptures due to high-energy charged particles are observed on hardware returned from orbit. A current materials flight experiment that includes a significant number of coating specimens, along with many other materials, is the Materials International Space Station Experiment (MISSE). MISSE is flying today on-board the International Space Station (ISS) and will be discussed as an example of the current infrastructure available for on-orbit testing.

Liknopetalon: a review of a rare Gondwanan, Permian pteridophyte

Liknopetalon is an unusual fern-like taxon with fan-shaped pinnae that bear ovate sporangial bodies in a single series along the distal margin. Previously, Liknopetalon has been described from two Permian localities in South Africa, and a single pinna has been identified from the Perth Basin in Australia. The original material of the type species, Liknopetalon enigmata Smithies, lacks critical morphological characters and the species’ taxonomic affiliations have remained obscure. A re-evaluation of existing collections and additional information provided by material obtained from a third South African locality necessitated emendation of the generic diagnosis of Liknopetalon, and erection of an additional species, Liknopetalon gracilis Adendorff sp. nov. Detailed drawings and photographs of several important specimens are presented and these have contributed to the reconstruction of both species. Newly clarified features include the opposite arrangement of the pinnae on the rachis, the division of the distal margin of the lamina into a series of contiguous lobes that each bear a single sporangial body, and the absence of a longitudinal, medial cleft in the pinna. Without anatomical data, the nature of the marginal bodies could not be unequivocally elucidated, but based on gross morphology, they appear to represent synangia or particularly large sporangia. The new South African specimens extend the stratigraphic range of the plant from the Lower Permian into the Middle Permian.

Neuroanatomical Basis of Clinical Neurology

Many of today's clinical neuroscientists were attracted to the field during undergraduate training by the correlations that exist between (disordered) neuroanatomy and neurological disease. Suddenly the hours of knowledge acquisition seemed to have some point. So one might think that a book by an experienced neuroanatomist, which in its very title alludes to this association, must be a sure-fire hit. Unfortunately, Arslan misses the mark. Arslan relishes his task, and his intention is to produce the definitive correlation between neuroanatomy and clinical neurology. In his preface he states: ‘... ideas and efforts are cohesively synthesised in this uniquely designed text that is easy to understand, yet remains a solid source of information on neuroanatomy and neurology’. It does not seem to occur to him that this task may be impossible, and that the best any text (especially one designed for medical students) can hope to achieve is to establish the few basic facts and give examples of (possible) correlations. The rest is best left to the students' imaginations surely? The organization of the text is awkward. The morphological part of the text describes development of the nervous system, the basic constituents of the nervous system and the component parts of the central and peripheral nervous systems. The ‘functional’ part describes the sensory and motor systems. The author claims to emphasize the neuroanatomical pathways and the resulting clinical conditions in the latter section, but the important cerebellar connections (for example) are to be found in the first part. In both parts clinical correlations are included in blue-shaded text, but here Arslan displays uncharacteristic capriciousness. Conditions as varied as multiple sclerosis and pellagra are covered in a dizzy spectacle that pays no regard to relative prevalence or clinical importance. There are also statements within these areas that are plain wrong: sumatriptan is a 5-HT1B/D agonist; olivopontocerebellar atrophy is not associated with mental retardation. These areas also include hints on neurological examination, details on neurotransmitters and the make-up of cerebrospinal fluid. One gets the impression of unselective inclusion of clinically allied information alongside the neuroanatomical text. I suspect that students will end up baffled and frustrated. The neuroanatomical descriptions are comprehensive and may be of use for revision by clinicians. Whether or not the detail is sufficient for medical students will depend on the syllabus of the medical school, and this text is presumably targeted at the Chicago college where Arslan teaches. The text is supplemented by diagrams, photographs of gross specimens and cut sections, and radiological studies, none of them of especially high standard. The anatomical line drawings are inferior to those in the classic work by Patten. Each chapter is concluded by a list of references (headed Suggested reading), some of which are entire books. Readers would have appreciated a few words from Arslan as to why he felt the recommended works should be consulted. A great deal of effort has gone into this book and it is not expensive. But the money might be better spent on joining a library or getting an Internet connection.