Photography Research Articles

Shifting perspectives: exploring the intersection of traditional and digital photography in contemporary artistic practices

The advent of digital photography has ushered in a dynamic era marked by evolving paradigms and practices in visual representation. This research delves into the profound interplay between traditional and digital photographic modalities, investigating their impact on contemporary art and society. Through an art-based research approach, this study examines an innovative artistic experiment conducted by Palestinian artist Ahmed Al-Saffarini. While Al-Saffarini's work serves as a starting point for philosophical reflection, it is the broader conceptual exploration of digital and traditional photography that forms the core of this research. By burying vintage photographic negatives underground for an extended period, Al-Saffarini sought to explore the transformative potential of integrating traditional and digital photography techniques. Drawing on a rich body of literature encompassing philosophical discourse, artistic practice, and technological advancements, this research elucidates key themes shaping the trajectory of photography in the digital age. Phenomenological perspectives illuminate the experiential dimensions of perception and consciousness inherent in the photographic medium, while scholarly debates on analogue versus digital photography underscore the epistemic complexities and artistic possibilities engendered by technological innovation. Furthermore, this study highlights photography's role as a conduit for memory, identity formation, and cultural expression in contemporary society. Through an analysis of Al-Saffarini's artistic experiment and its implications, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of photography's transformative potential and its evolving significance within the artistic landscape. Emphasising the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and creative experimentation, this study advocates for the integration of art-based research methodologies in scholarly inquiry, thereby enriching our comprehension of photography's multifaceted nature and its enduring relevance in the digital era.

Dynamic mechanical properties and energy dissipation analysis of rubber-modified aggregate concrete based on SHPB tests

The fluctuation of the waveform curves in the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) test can provide a more intuitive reflection of the material's dynamic deformation process, with different strain rates resulting in varying damage states and σ-ε curves. A Φ120×100 mm size SHPB experiment was conducted to study the dynamic mechanical properties of new rubber-modified aggregate concrete (RAC). Based on the different characteristics of waveform and σ-ε curves, combined with high-speed photography technology, the typical failure modes and dynamic compressive strength of rubber-modified aggregate concrete under different loading rates were analyzed. Furthermore, the energy dissipation capacity and mechanism of rubber-modified aggregate concrete at different stages was discussed. The reflected wave of RAC shows a "double-peak" trend of "first high and then low" instead of "first low and then high" of normal concrete due to its exceptional capacity of energy absorption and dissipation. As strain rate increases, a plateau period appears in the reflected wave before first peak. The evolution process is dominated by the energy storage mechanism until it hits the limit, then by the energy dissipation mechanism. These findings can help us design and use RAC materials under dynamic stress.

Mechanical response and failure mechanism of circular inclusion embedded in brittle materials under dynamic impact

Inclusions are prevalent in both natural and synthetic materials. Gaining a comprehensive understanding of their dynamic response and interaction with the surrounding matrix is essential in fundamental mechanics and engineering applications. This study aims to achieve such understanding through theoretical analysis, experimental investigations, and numerical simulations, focusing on the dynamic destruction of inclusions and the underlying mechanisms. Firstly, the circumferential, radial, and shear stresses around elastic heterogeneous inclusions were derived by the wave function expansion and Duhamel integration methods. Subsequently, a set of experiments on sandstone specimens containing three types of inclusions (plaster, epoxy resin, cement) were conducted utilizing the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) system in conjunction with high-speed photography and Digital Image Correlation (DIC) techniques to obtain the surface deformation of inclusion specimens. Eventually, a series of Finite Element Method (FEM) numerical simulations adopted suitable materials were also carried out to investigate the fracture process of inclusion and matrix under dynamic impact. The results demonstrate that the stress distributions and fracture mode of matrix and inclusion are highly dependent on the physical and mechanical properties of the inclusions and the surrounding matrix, specifically, density ρ, elastic modulus E, Poisson's ratio v, and strength. With an increase in the E and v, there is a reduction in the concentration of circumferential stress, while the radial and shear stresses experience an increase. The experimental and numerical results corroborated the theoretical findings and indicated that the localized dynamic stress concentrations induced by wave scattering around the inclusions directly dominated both local and overall specimen failure. Due to the dissimilarities in elastic parameters and strength between the inclusion and the matrix, the stress state of the inclusion and the interface is not homogeneous. Under dynamic loading, the weaker inclusion experiences tensile cracking at both ends of the loading, and as the mechanical properties (ρ, E, v, and strength) of the inclusion rise, a transition from tensile- hybrid-shear failure occurs within the inclusion. The findings of this study help us understand the dynamic failure mechanisms of dissimilar inclusions in brittle material.

Habitat characteristics shaping zoantharians’ distribution at intertidal habitats of the Canary Islands

Ocean warming is facilitating the proliferation of zoantharians worldwide due to their thermophilic affinities. However, other anthropogenic factors, such as declining water quality, have been appointed to favour the occurrence of zoantharians dominated areas and barrens. Subtropical and tropical intertidal habitats are especially vulnerable to zoantharians outbreaks due to the progressive increase in ocean temperature and because it is where most human pressure is concentrated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the abundance of intertidal zoantharians populations, related to habitat characteristics (rugosity and submerged substrate) and the presence of other benthic organisms, such as sessile invertebrates and macroalgae. Number and coverage of zoantharian colonies were recorded in transects (20 × 4 m) along 25 intertidal rocky platforms of the Canarian Archipelago, and photographic techniques in quadrats were used to examine the relationships between the percentage of substrate cover of zoantharians, macroalgae and sessile invertebrates by means of correlations analyses. Results indicated that high levels of rugosity favour the abundance and coverage of Palythoa aff. clavata and Zoanthus pulchellus, and the proportion of submerged substrate was also important in determining Zoanthus coverages. The presence of extensive macroalgae communities was seen to reduce zoantharian coverages, being the only sessile organisms that were able to outcompete them for space in the Canary Islands. Thus, this study provided valuable information about patterns of abundances and coverages of intertidal zoantharians useful for future monitoring of intertidal populations of zoantharians in Canary Islands and their interaction with surrounding marine organisms.

Interaction between cavitation bubbles and plastrons on superhydrophobic surfaces

The interaction between cavitation bubbles and plastrons on superhydrophobic surfaces was investigated using a low-voltage discharge device and high-speed photography techniques. The plastron adhered to the superhydrophobic surface acts as a liquid–gas interface, giving the boundary the ability to repel cavitation bubbles. The direction of bubble collapse is determined by the vector synthesis of the Bjerknes repulsive force from the plastron and the Bjerknes attractive force from the rigid wall when the bubble collapses for the first time. Various collapse behaviors were observed, including bubbles moving away from the plastron, bubbles orienting towards the plastron, and bubbles splitting into sub-bubbles in opposite directions. During the subsequent evolution of the bubbles, the expansion of the plastron led to the reversal of the downward jet or reduced the impact velocity of the jet. Seven jet patterns were identified based on the evolution of the cavitation bubble. Starting from the impact velocity of the jet, three jet patterns, namely, the jet away from the plastron (JA), the funnel-shaped jet away from the plastron (JAF), and the funnel-shaped jet away from the plastron with vortex shedding (JAFV), were found to have a weaker effect on the boundary. Three criteria for the design of plastrons on superhydrophobic surfaces were established: VP>0.25Vmax, HP>0.55Rmax, DP>1.2Rmax. Passive pulsation of the plastron in response to the cavitation bubble exhibited similar behaviors across seven jet patterns except for the JAF pattern: torus-shaped, dish-shaped, and skirt-shaped. The dimensionless wall distance, volume ratio, and plastron morphology parameters were identified as significant factors influencing the interaction between cavitation bubbles and the plastron.

A bibliometric analysis of semantic segmentation in remote sensing images from 1981 to 2024

Semantic segmentation of remote sensing images plays a crucial role in various fields, such as disaster assessment, forestry measurement, and environmental monitoring. This study conducts a bibliometric analysis to investigate the research trends and development of semantic segmentation in remote sensing from 1981 to 2024. Utilizing the Web of Science Core Collection database, we retrieved representative literature data and analyzed the publication trends, main source journals, institutional cooperation, and keyword co-occurrence networks. The results show that the number of publications in this field has increased significantly since 2000, with an exponential growth pattern. Remote sensing is the most active research topic, followed by imaging science, photographic technology, and electrical and electronic engineering. The analysis of institutional cooperation reveals that Chinese research institutions, such as the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Wuhan University, play a leading role in this field and maintain close collaboration with research institutions worldwide. The keyword co-occurrence network analysis demonstrates the evolution of research focus from basic remote sensing and image processing techniques in the early stage to advanced image processing algorithms in the middle stage and deep learning and neural network technologies in the recent stage. The findings provide valuable insights into the current status and future trends of semantic segmentation in remote sensing, highlighting the importance of international cooperation and interdisciplinary exchange in driving technological innovation.

Photo Arts Concept as Alternative Photography Works

The development of photography so far has encouraged the birth of various forms of new concepts in the field of photography. The birth of digital photography technology has provided various conveniences and encouraged photographers to develop photography more widely. Currently, the concept of photo art has been widely used by photographers or photo artists through the development of new ideas and concepts in the form of photographic works. Fine art photography can be an assessment and representation for the photographer who created the photograph. Therefore, the time has come for photographers who may or may not have unique characteristics in creating photographic works, to make photographs into works of art with a combination of new concepts in photographic work.

URS-YOLOv5s: object detection algorithm for UAV remote sensing images

The application of UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) remote sensing and aerial photography technology is more and more widely. Aiming at the problem of object detection in remote sensing or aerial images, the paper proposes an object detection algorithm for UAV remote sensing images based on YOLOv5s, called URS-YOLOv5s (UAV Remote Sensing - YOLOv5s). Firstly, the paper designs Cross-Connected Dense Network (CCDNet), where each convolution layer is concatenated to the second convolution layer. Secondly, the paper designs Across-Path Fusion Network (APFNet), which the last feature fusion path is directly fused with the backbone network. It increases the location information and semantic information of deep features. Finally, the loss function of the original algorithm is replaced by EIoU (Focal and Efficient IoU), which makes the calculation method of the overall loss more appropriate. On AI-TOD and Visdrone2019 datasets, experiments show that the accuracy of URS-YOLOv5s on mAP@0.5 is 6.3% and 9% higher than YOLOv5s. In addition, compared with YOLOv3 and YOLOv5l which have good detection effect, URS-YOLOv5s has the characteristics of faster detection speed and lower computational cost. Meanwhile, URS-YOLOv5s is more suitable for deployment to mobile devices, such as drones with limited performance.

Quantitative proteomics reveals significant variation in host responses of cattle with differing buffalo fly susceptibility.

Control of buffalo flies (Haematobia irritans exigua, BFs) relies mainly on chemical methods; however, resistance to insecticides is widespread in BF populations. Breeding for resistance to BFs represents a possible alternative, but direct phenotyping of animals is laborious and often inaccurate. The availability of reliable diagnostic biomarker(s) to identify low BF carrier cattle would facilitate rapid and accurate selection for genetic improvement. However, limited information is available regarding differences amongst cattle in host responses to BF infestation. This study investigated the variation in Brangus cattle serum proteomic profiles before (naïve) and after peak BF exposure, in low (LF) and high BF burden (HF) cattle. Cattle were phenotyped for susceptibility based on BF counts on multiple dates using visual and photographic techniques. The relative abundance of serum proteins in cattle before and after exposure to BFs was analysed using sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion mass spectrometry (SWATH-MS). Exposure to BFs elicited similar responses in HF and LF cattle, with 79 and 70 proteins, respectively, showing significantly different abundances post exposure as compared to their relevant naïve groups. The comparison of serum samples from naïve HF and LF cattle identified 44 significantly differentially abundant (DA) proteins, while 37 significantly DA proteins were identified from the comparison between HF and LF cattle post-exposure to BFs. Proteins with higher abundance in naïve LF cattle were enriched in blood coagulation mechanisms that were sustained after exposure to BFs. Strong immune response mechanisms were also identified in naïve LF cattle, whereas these responses developed in HF cattle only after exposure to BF. High BF cattle also showed active anticoagulation mechanisms in response to BF exposure, including downregulation of coagulation factor IX and upregulation of antithrombin-III, which might facilitate BF feeding. Underlying differences in the abundance of proteins related to blood coagulation and immune response pathways could potentially provide indirect indicators of susceptibility to BF infestation and biomarkers for selecting more BF-resistant cattle.

Hydrogen bubble evolution and gas transport mechanism on a microelectrode determined by cathodic potential and temperature

Enhancing the efficiency of hydrogen production by optimizing gas product transfer within water electrolysis systems is essential. Employing high-speed photography and electrochemical techniques, the entire process of single hydrogen bubble evolution on a Pt microelectrode surface was measured. Results reveal a notable reduction in both bubble detachment radius and growth time with decreasing absolute potential (from −7 to −3 V) and increasing reaction temperature (from 30 °C to 50 °C). Additionally, a comprehensive model estimating bubble coverage on the microelectrode is presented, incorporating bubble radius and current as key influencing factors. This enables an accurate evaluation of mass transfer coefficients during bubble evolution in the absence of forced flow. Furthermore, findings reveal the dominance of bubble-induced micro-convection as the primary mass-transfer mechanism for gas products at high current densities [O (105–106 A/m2)]. The results also indicate that the mass transfer coefficient increases during the inertia-controlled growth stage of bubbles and decreases during the stage controlled by chemical reactions.

Experimental investigation of interactions between a water droplet and an airflow boundary layer

The deformation and movement of droplets is widely relevant in many fields of research. The present work experimentally investigates the evolution of a single droplet interacting with an air boundary layer. A series of experiments are carried out using a high-speed photography technique to determine the effects of the airflow velocity, drop height, and droplet size. The morphological characteristics can be classified into three types according to the experiments. The outcomes indicate that both the drop height and the airflow velocity significantly influence the maximum streamwise spreading length, but only the drop height has an impact on the maximum lateral spreading width. The maximum streamwise spreading factor follows a power function relationship with WeRe−0.5. In addition, the crater maximum streamwise and lateral spreading diameters are mainly influenced by the drop height. An energy conversion model is established by considering the effects of the aerodynamic drag force, surface tension, and viscous force. This study provides experimental reference data for the scenario of a droplet interacting with an air boundary layer.

Att-Mask R-CNN: an individual tree crown instance segmentation method based on fused attention mechanism

Tree detection and canopy area measurement are important and difficult tasks in forest inventory, which are important for understanding forest stand structure. This study utilized remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) aerial photography technology to collect remote sensing images of forests in Xiong County, China, creating a dataset comprising 1200 images of six tree species. Based on this dataset, the paper proposes an optimized model, Att-Mask R-CNN, for canopy detection and segmentation. Att-Mask R-CNN outperforms the original models (Mask R-CNN and MS R-CNN) by achieving 65.29% mean average precision for detection, 80.44% mean intersection over union for segmentation, and 90.67% overall recognition rate for the six tree species. In addition, a pixel statistics method based on segmentation masks is introduced for estimating the vertical projected area of individual tree crowns, and comparisons between the measured and predicted vertical projected area of the crowns of six tree species (100 trees of each class) show an overall goodness-of-fit R2 of 85% and a relative root-mean-square error rRMSE of 12.81%. By using remote sensing images from RPAs and optimizing existing deep learning models, the detection and segmentation of individual tree canopies can be achieved, resulting in a more accurate understanding of forest structure, which provides scientific support for forest management and resource monitoring.

Linguistic Landscape Analysis of Identity Representation in Public Signs at Watugong Buddhist Monastery Semarang

Public signs at Watugong Monastery in Semarang serve not only as guides for visitors but also as representations of identity, meaning, and values. This study aims to uncover the meaning and representation of identity in the public signs of Watugong Monastery by considering the cultural, religious, and social contexts in accordance with the dominant ideology in the place. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with a Barthes (1991) semiotics approach. Research data was collected through observation and documentation methods using photography techniques. The results of this study show that there are representations of cultural, religious, and socio-religious identities in the Public signs of Watugong Monastery. Religious identity comes from the interpretation of the object label signs 福 (fú), 祿 (lù), and 壽 (shòu) which reflect Chinese cultural values. Religious identity emerges from hiolo stick sign, which contains the meaning of strong faith in Buddha and his teachings through prayer and devotion supported by morality and exemplary behavior. Finally, socio-religious identity appears on the Ashoka inscription sign, the strong religious element derived from Buddhist teachings, the inscription also shows an example of social life between people of different faiths who must always teach tolerance and moderation in religion. This research is still very open for further research in various other aspects of LL, for example, visitors' perceptions of the language used at Watugong Monastery.

BiFPN-KPointNet-CBAM: Application of 3D Point Cloud Technology Based on Deep Learning in Measuring Vegetation

The results of traditional vegetation-measuring methods are mostly two-dimensional data, which can only convey limited information. The greening situation of many cities or regions in the world cannot be fully assessed by these results. In this regard, this paper proposes the use of the air–ground integrated point cloud data acquisition mode for measuring vegetation. This mode combines a backpack-mounted laser scanning system, a vehicle-mounted laser scanning system, and UAV tilt photography technology to collect greening data in a comprehensive park and along a municipal road in Guangzhou, China. To classify the collected greening data, we propose the BiFPN-KPointNet-CBAM model, which was derived from PointNet. The model was introduced to analyze the distribution of green plants in study areas. The experimental findings indicate that our model achieved a notable enhancement in the overall accuracy by approximately 8% compared with other state-of-the-art models. Compared with the traditional greening survey method, this method obtained three-dimensional and more accurate greening data, and thus, provides higher quality greening data for urban managers.

Three-Dimensional Geological Modelling in Earth Science Research: An In-Depth Review and Perspective Analysis

This study examines the development trajectory and current trends of three-dimensional (3D) geological modelling. In recent years, due to the rising global energy demand and the increasing frequency of regional geological disasters, significant progress has been made in this field. The purpose of this study is to clarify the potential complexity of 3D geological modelling, identify persistent challenges, and propose potential avenues for improvement. The main objectives include simplifying the modelling process, improving model accuracy, integrating different data sources, and quantitatively evaluating model parameters. This study integrates global research in this field, focusing on the latest breakthroughs and applications in mineral exploration, engineering geology, geological disaster assessment, and military geosciences. For example, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) tilt photography technology, multisource data fusion, 3D geological modelling method based on machine learning, etc. By identifying areas for improvement and making recommendations, this work aims to provide valuable insights to guide the future development of geological modelling toward a more comprehensive and accurate “Transparent Earth”. This review underscores the global applications of 3D geological modelling, highlighting its crucial role across various sectors such as mineral exploration, the oil and gas industry, urban planning, geological hazard assessment, and geoscientific research. The review emphasizes the sector-specific importance of this technology in enhancing modelling accuracy and efficiency, optimizing resource management, driving technological innovation, and improving disaster response capabilities. These insights provide a comprehensive understanding of how 3D geological modelling can significantly impact and benefit multiple industries worldwide.

Aesthetic Trends and Evolutions in Photography Art in the Digital Era

In recent years, the rapid development of digital technology has not only changed people's lifestyles but also brought new opportunities for industry reform. Under the context of the digital era, the creation methods, dissemination methods, and aesthetic trends of photographic works have all undergone varying degrees of change, bringing new opportunities and challenges to the development of photography art. The widespread application of internet technology and digital processing technology, as well as the popularization of photographic equipment, has brought more new possibilities for the creation and expression of photography art. This can appropriately expand the aesthetic field of photography art and endow it with diverse, personalized, and instant characteristics. Therefore, in the new era context, the fusion of reality and fiction, and the combination of art and technology will become aesthetic trends in photographic technology. Photographers, based on the actual development situation, should explore and innovate in a targeted manner to fully display the unique charm and profound connotation of photography art, meeting the various requirements of the new era.

ANALYZING VISUALS OF SHOE PRODUCT PHOTOS IN 2023 THROUGH INSTAGRAM MEDIA USING QUALITATIVE SEMIOTIC METHODOLOGY

Product photography plays a pivotal role in business, demanding cameras attuned to lighting nuances and medium capturing. High-quality product visuals foster consumer trust, convey sophistication, and reinforce brand recognition. Particularly in platforms like Instagram, visually appealing photos are instrumental in driving engagement and sales. This study delves into innovative camera methods and background preparation to craft captivating product imagery, aiming to enrich comprehension of crafting unique, consumer-attracting visuals aligning with brand attributes. This research contributes as a knowledge repository, sparks creativity in image creation, and bolsters consumer appeal on social media. Employing a qualitative approach, it entails observation, literature review, and documentation, progressing through initial research, image curation, and analysis of design, material quality, and lifestyle integration. Findings underscore the significance of photography techniques, background curation, and camera angles, furnishing insights to elevate product aesthetics, notably on social platforms

Practice-Based Lessons in Photographic Education: An Alternative to Photo Image Development

The utilisation of contemporary photography technology facilitates rapid knowledge acquisition and enhancement of several aspects. Nevertheless, the fundamental process of picture-making needs to be adequately emphasised, resulting in a negligent approach and a lack of comprehension among students regarding the significance of generating high-quality images. This practice-based lesson aims to elucidate to students the fundamental relevance of picking picture image designs as a precursor to producing impactful photography. The chosen topic for creating artistic works is around nature and is centred on the Malacca campus. The PCT256 - Contemporary Photography Practice course selection at Universiti Teknologi MARA was based on its alignment with the initial approach, which involves creating artwork through various photographic processes. The subsequent topic, assessment analysis, will use the scoring rubric to assess the student's comprehension of the material. The fabrication of 58 pieces involved a total of 29 students. This essay will address the production process's various difficulties, problems, and challenges. The research findings indicate that students have a more significant potential for comprehending the process when they engage in iterative attempts to produce optimal outcomes.

Evolution mechanism of rapid solidification microstructure of an undercooled copper-based single phase alloy

Using undercooling technology combined with melt purification of glass and recirculation overheating, different undercoolings were successfully obtained for Cu60Ni38Co2 alloy samples. Applying high speed photography technique, the physical process of undercooled solidification was observed and relationship between undercooling and solidification rate was analyzed. Experimental results indicate the critical undercoolings exist in the structure evolution process. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis was applied to characterize the Cu60Ni38Co2 alloy sample with a maximum undercooling of 255K, revealing grain orientation and the corresponding orientation difference distribution. In addition, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed high density dislocation networks. Combining EBSD and TEM data analysis, an important conclusion was drawn: recrystallization is the main factor for grain refinement at high undercooling. This finding is of great significance for a deeper understanding of the structure evolution in the physical process of undercooled alloys.

Application of unmanned aerial vehicle tilt photography technology in geological hazard investigation in China

Application of unmanned aerial vehicle tilt photography technology in geological hazard investigation in China