Photography Research Articles

Photography is not merely the act of capturing images using a camera or smartphone. It is a creative process that involves both technical and aesthetic considerations, one of which is composition. Composition plays a crucial role in the field of photography by creating visually appealing images with strong visual value. This research explores the application of photographic composition techniques in the works of Kun WayV, shared on the Instagram account @11xn_d. The photographs indirectly implement compositional principles such as the rule of thirds, leading lines, framing, and points of interest. Employing a qualitative approach, this study utilizes literature review and social media observation as data collection techniques. A descriptive-narrative writing method is used to convey the research findings and communicate the significance of composition in contemporary photographic practice.

The Contemplative Life of OCSO Monks' Spirituality in Documentary Photography at the Santa Maria Rawaseneng Monastery is a unique and complex spiritual journey that reflects individual transformation through experience, reflection, and change. This research aims to explore and delve into the spiritual aspects experienced by the monks, as well as how they embody the vows that form the foundation of their lives: celibacy, poverty, and obedience. The methodology used in this study is a qualitative approach with documentary photography techniques, which allows the researcher to capture important moments in the daily lives of the monks. The findings indicate that contemplative life involves not only practices of worship and prayer but also interactions with the community and manual labor, which are integral parts of their spirituality. Through careful image capture, this research successfully reflects the spiritual values and daily lives of the monks, as well as the challenges they face in living a cloistered monastic life. The conclusion of this study emphasizes that contemplative spirituality is a journey that encompasses all aspects of life, where the monks strive to achieve unity with God through every activity they undertake.f

This study developed and validated a technology-enhanced flipped classroom framework, the CREATIVE Model, to enhance undergraduate students' creative problem-solving skills (CPSS). The CREATIVE Model, based on constructivist and constructionist learning theories, employed several digital platforms to promote active and collaborative learning. The study also examined students' academic achievement (AA) and CPSS when taught under the CREATIVE Model compared to traditional instruction. Using a research and development (R&D) design, the suitability of the CREATIVE Model was validated by seven experts. Subsequently, the model was implemented among 65 undergraduate students enrolled in a Digital Photography Technology Course, selected through cluster random sampling. The participants were divided into an experimental group (n=35) and a control group (n=30). The research instruments included (1) lesson plans based on the CREATIVE Model, (2) a multiple-choice achievement test with four options, and (3) a CPSS rubric. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics and one-way MANOVA. Results indicated that the lesson plans were rated as highly suitable (M = 4.45, SD = 0.74). Additionally, there was a statistically significant difference in students' AA and CPSS scores between the experimental and control groups, with the CREATIVE Model group scoring higher on both measures at the .05 significance level. The findings confirm that the CREATIVE Model effectively enhances undergraduate students' academic achievement and creative problem-solving skills.

This research analyzes the meaning of modes on billboards based on the linguistic landscape in Padang City, Indonesia. The analysis of signs is based on a combination of the main theories of Linguistic Landscape (LL) by Landry and Bourhis and Kress's theory of sign modes. The analysis of the meaning of billboard signs uses the theory of meaning by Leech and the theory of color by Cerrato. The primary data source is public signs found on main roads and protocol roads in the city of Padang. This research uses primary data, in the form of all billboards, found on main roads in Padang, West Sumatra. The data collection method used is non-participant observation. The data collection technique used is the documentation technique by taking photographs (or called photographic techniques). The data analysis method used is an inductive qualitative descriptive method. The results of the study found that billboards use three modes of signs, namely: text mode, image mode, and color mode. One billboard sign contains two meanings, namely: denotative meaning and connotative meaning.

Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI) is a computational photography technique in which an object is acquired from a fixed point-of-view with different light directions. The aim is to estimate the light transport function at each point so that the object can be interactively relighted in a physically-accurate way, revealing its surface characteristics. In this article, we propose a novel RTI approach describing surface reflectance as an implicit neural representation acting as a “relightable image” for a specific object. We propose to represent the light transport function with a Neural Reflectance Field (NRF) model, feeding it with pixel coordinates, light direction, and a latent vector encoding the per-pixel reflectance in a neighbourhood. These vectors, computed during training, allow a more accurate relighting than a pure implicit representation (i.e., relying only on positional encoding) enabling the NRF to handle complex surface shadings. Moreover, they can be efficiently stored with the learned NRF for compression and transmission. As an additional contribution, we propose a novel synthetic dataset containing objects of various shapes and materials created with a physically based rendering software. An extensive experimental section shows that the proposed NRF accurately models the light transport function for challenging datasets in synthetic and real-world scenarios.

Abstract. Preserving built heritage is a foundational component of architectural education, with documentation serving as the first critical step in any conservation process. Over time, the documentation process has evolved significantly from early photographic techniques used by Eugène Viollet-le-Duc to modern digital imaging and photogrammetry (Shukla, 2024). While digital tools have significantly advanced global documentation practices, Indian architectural education continues to treat them as supplementary rather than integral. This paper proposes a hybrid documentation framework that combines manual methods with digital technologies to improve both the accuracy of heritage records and the quality of student learning. In India, documentation began in the mid-19th Century as a precursor to conservation, with early efforts establishing the importance of meticulous record-keeping. Organisations like the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) and INTACH have long relied on manual methods such as measured drawings to document heritage sites. Drawing on the example of the Sacred Ensembles of the Hoysalas, a recent World Heritage nomination project, the study demonstrates how layered documentation, starting from sketches and measured drawings to drone imaging and GIS integration, can be structured as an educational model. Most programs in India spend limited time on digital tools, learning them as stand-alone skills rather than supporting practices (Oktay and Mısırlısoy, 2023). This imbalance highlights an apparent gap in the overall understanding of heritage documentation. The framework aligns with international charters and pedagogical theories to offer a scalable, adaptable strategy suited to the Indian context. It promotes deeper engagement with cultural heritage and builds student competency through a balanced, hands-on, and technologically current approach.

PurposeThis study assessed the effectiveness of treatments using intense pulsed light (IPL) in reducing vascular lesions of the facial skin, such as erythema and telangiectasia.Patients and MethodsThe study involved 38 subjects aged 20 to 61 who underwent a series of 3 IPL procedures. In order to quantitatively assess the effects of therapy, advanced clinical photography techniques involving cross-polarized light and dedicated image analysis algorithms, ie GLCM (Gray-Level Co-occurrence Matrix) and QTDCOMP (Quadratic Tree Decomposition), were used.ResultsThe results indicate a significant reduction in vascular lesions after a series of treatments, which was confirmed by a statistically significant reduction in GLCM contrast and an increase in image homogeneity. Additionally, the use of quadratic tree decomposition allowed for the quantitative determination of skin homogeneity after therapy.ConclusionThe study has shown that image registration in cross-polarized light as well as GLCM and QTDCOMP analysis are effective tools for the objective and quantitative assessment of vascular skin lesions. These methods can be widely used in clinical practice to optimize the therapy of vascular lesions and monitor the effectiveness of IPL procedures.

Porous hollow sphere is a hollow sphere with holes arranged in a certain pattern inside. This article presents the results of the porous hollow sphere during water entry using high-speed photography technology. The main consideration is the influence of initial velocity and hole size on the evolution characteristics of cavity flow, splash crown, and jet. Due to the presence of obvious non-chamfered holes, the porous hollow sphere still generates significant cavities when vertically penetrating into water at a lower initial velocity. Meanwhile, it generates unique cavity and the crown which has obvious columns, with the same number of cavity columns as the holes in the middle of the porous hollow sphere. During water entry, there is a jet in the middle position at the top of the sphere. When the pinch-off phenomenon occurs, there is still a jet at this position, which keeps the upper and lower cavities in contact. The shape of the cavity changes from hyperbolic to triangular and then to W-shaped. As the initial velocity increases, the contour of cavity column becomes less distinct, the surface of cavity becomes smoother, and the number of cavities at the top of the porous hollow sphere increases after cavity closed.

In an increasingly competitive digital era, micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) face challenges in marketing their products effectively due to limited digital understanding, lack of visual design skills, and low quality product photos. This problem has a direct impact on the competitiveness and selling value of MSME products, especially within the 'Aisyiyah Surabaya Branch Leadership. To overcome this, digital marketing implementation training was carried out which included product photography techniques, packaging design, and content creation using simple devices such as smartphones and the Canva application. The training method is carried out in several stages: delivery of educational materials, direct practice with mentoring, and post-activity evaluation through the collection of participants' work and focus group discussions (FGD). This training was attended by 32 MSME participants and was held at MI Muhammadiyah 27, Surabaya. The results of the activity showed an improvement, namely as many as 85% of participants understood the concept of digital marketing, 75% produced product photos that are worthy of publication, 70% were able to design attractive packaging, and 65% succeeded in creating content that increases customer interaction. Despite obstacles such as limited devices and time, this training has proven to be effective in improving MSME digital marketing skills and encouraging product value optimization in the digital market. In the future, advanced training is recommended to include aspects of financial management and access to sharia financing as support for business sustainability.

The article examines the restoration of photographs as a specific “language” in which scientific, ethical, and cultural dimensions intersect. The focus is placed on the characteristics of photographic techniques and their vulnerabilities, as well as on preservation strategies. It emphasizes that in Bulgaria there is a lack of systematic terminology and institutionalized practice, which poses a risk of losing authenticity. Photography is viewed not only as a technical carrier of images but also as a cultural artifact and a source for history and the humanities. The article argues that the development of a professional language and ethical standards is essential for preserving photographs as part of collective memory and for transforming them into a valuable research resource.

Non-invasive optical skin imaging techniques: A historical and contemporary perspective.

Traditional cameras face a trade-off between low-light performance and high-speed imaging: longer exposure times to capture sufficient light results in motion blur, whereas shorter exposures result in Poisson-corrupted noisy images. While burst photography techniques help mitigate this tradeoff, conventional cameras are fundamentally limited in their sensor noise characteristics. Event cameras and single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) sensors have emerged as promising alternatives to conventional cameras due to their desirable properties. SPADs are capable of single-photon sensitivity with microsecond temporal resolution, and event cameras can measure brightness changes up to 1 MHz with low bandwidth requirements. We show that these properties are complementary, and can help achieve low-light, high-speed image reconstruction with low bandwidth requirements. We introduce a sensor fusion framework to combine SPADs with event cameras to improve the reconstruction of high-speed, low-light scenes while reducing the high bandwidth cost associated with using every SPAD frame. Our evaluation, on both synthetic and real sensor data, demonstrates significant enhancements ($> 5$>5 dB PSNR) in reconstructing low-light scenes at high temporal resolution (100 kHz) compared to conventional cameras. Event-SPAD fusion shows great promise for real-world applications, such as robotics or medical imaging.

ABSTRACTThis paper examines and compares methods of digital recording and analysis of fragmentarily preserved reliefs from Gothic and Renaissance tombstones at the Cistercian abbey in Mogiła, a district within the city of Kraków, southern Poland. The aim is to provide accurate documentation and examination of these reliefs through the use of various high‐resolution digital photography and terrestrial laser scanning techniques, followed by analysis in dedicated software. Additionally, the paper compares the digital methods employed in Kraków‐Mogiła with other studies conducted by part of the team in southwestern Colorado, USA, focusing on the digitization of Native American rock art from different time periods, primarily Ancestral Pueblo and historic Ute petroglyphs. Although these two areas and cultural traditions are distinct, they share a common focus on carved and engraved stones and rock surfaces. Our studies provided an opportunity to explore and refine methods and techniques for more effective digital recording and visualization of various types of relief carvings found in stone monuments. The objective was to capture, enhance, and visualize even the faintest and least preserved details of steles, tombstones, and rock art that would otherwise be challenging or impossible to document using traditional methods alone. In addition to the digital analysis and visualizations, extensive historical research was conducted during the study in Kraków‐Mogiła. This comprehensive approach led to unexpected discoveries, such as the identification of the missing tombstone of one of the most notable individuals buried in the Mogiła abbey.

The primary challenge faced by leather wallet artisans in Babakan Jaya Village lies in limited marketing capabilities, which still rely on conventional methods such as word-of-mouth promotion and local networks. This community service program aims to enhance the artisans’ understanding and skills in digital marketing, particularly through the use of social media as a broader and more effective promotional tool. The methods implemented included classical training on the basics of digital marketing, hands-on product photography sessions, social media account creation, and on-site mentoring at production houses to identify challenges and provide contextual solutions. The results showed significant improvement across five key indicators: understanding of social media benefits increased by 55%, awareness of content consistency rose by 50%, mastery of product photography techniques improved by 50%, ability to craft persuasive product descriptions increased by 50%, and ownership of official Instagram/Facebook accounts rose by 60%. The study concludes that training and mentoring successfully enhanced artisans’ digital marketing capacity and opened up market expansion opportunities. The implications highlight the need for sustained mentoring programs, strengthened digital networking, and improved technological infrastructure to support the sustainable digital transformation of local MSMEs.

High-speed photography technology is adopted in this paper to systematically investigate the entire process of water jet breakup into droplets in the air after ejection from the water splitter tray of low-pressure rotary sprinklers under varying operating pressures and nozzle diameters. The experimental results revealed significant dependencies of jet breakup length, characteristic jet velocity, droplet characteristics, including their size and velocity, on the operating pressure and nozzle diameter. There are three types of spray water jet breakup, which are the split jet breakup, column jet breakup, and liquid-film jet breakup. A statistical linear regression model links the jet breakup length to the working pressure and nozzle diameter, and the breakup length of the water jet increases with decreasing working pressure or increasing nozzle diameter. Meanwhile, an increase in working pressure or nozzle diameter leads to a high flow rate, which in turn results in a power-law growth of the characteristic jet velocity. A quantitative nonlinear model of the breakup droplet velocity concerning its size and operating parameters is proposed through parametric analyses, and it is revealed that the breakup droplet velocity increases in a power-law manner with increasing pressure or nozzle diameter, and exhibits a logarithmic increase with increasing droplet size. This paper quantifies the relationships between jet breakup dynamics and operating parameters through experimental investigations and analytical modeling, which offers a valuable reference and experimental basis for performance-driven optimized design of industrial spray systems.

Reverse paintings on glass are a group of specific artworks created in a reverse order with respect to conventional paintings. Their material research is particularly demanding because in many cases their dismantling is scarcely possible, limiting sampling and employing more sophisticated methods. Herein, different techniques ranging from noninvasive to destructive are employed in the investigation of two types, folk reverse paintings and reverse paintings with a metallic background. The potential of photography and digital microscopy observation is tested with the aim to help curators and restorers obtain as much information as possible without the need for expensive and hardly accessible analytical techniques. The acquired results were supported and, in some cases, clarified by scanning electron microscopy with energy‐dispersive spectrometer analysis of the inorganic components, while organic components are studied by infrared (IR) spectroscopy and liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. The assessment of the different IR arrangements is also performed, suggesting the microattenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy technique the most suitable for the analysis of reverse paintings on glass. The need for the utilization of complementary techniques is also demonstrated on the example of protein binder classification.

Abstract Tunnel environments often posed challenges such as complex backgrounds, low lighting, and low contrast, while the availability of open-source tunnel defect image data remained limited. Data augmentation techniques emerged as crucial methods to address these issues and enhance model generalization. This paper systematically reviews 276 key publications from 2018 to 2024, providing a comprehensive overview of the latest research progress, particularly in image acquisition and data augmentation, for intelligent tunnel lining defect detection. It began by introducing various methods for capturing images of tunnel surface and internal defects, including digital photography, laser scanning, and ground-penetrating radar (GPR) techniques, while analyzing their respective advantages and limitations. The discussion then focused on critical aspects of constructing defect datasets, such as image processing, data annotation, and the availability of public datasets, highlighting challenges associated with data collection and labeling. Furthermore, this study summarized the major challenges faced in the field, including high costs of data collection and annotation, a lack of diverse and comprehensive datasets, and the computational resource demands of advanced augmentation methods. Based on these challenges, the paper proposed future research directions, including the acquisition of more real-world GPR data, the development of public tunnel defect datasets, and the exploration of lightweight data augmentation techniques. These directions aimed to enhance the robustness and generalization of tunnel defect detection models. They also aimed to improve the efficiency and practicality of these models for real-world applications. This comprehensive review serves as a valuable reference for researchers and practitioners. It is especially useful for those engaged in intelligent infrastructure inspection and maintenance using advanced computer vision techniques.

This community service activity aimed to provide assistance to Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Sumur Village, Kendal Regency, in utilizing digital marketing to support business development. The program focused on helping participants establish and manage online stores through social media platforms. Conducted from May 19 to May 30, 2025, the activity involved five groups of micro and medium-scale MSME actors. The training materials covered product photography and videography techniques, business logo design, and guidelines for creating and managing online stores via social media. The entire program was carried out successfully, with a 100% attendance rate in every session. Additionally, participants were given access to recorded training sessions to support independent learning. This initiative is expected to enhance the digital competencies of MSME actors and improve their market reach and business competitiveness.

BackgroundMicroalgae such as Chlorella sorokiniana and Monoraphidium convolutum are promising sources for biofuels, pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and wastewater treatment. However, biomass harvesting remains a cost-intensive bottleneck. Conventional methods like centrifugation and flocculation pose challenges due to energy demands and contamination risks. Sedimentation offers a passive, eco-friendly alternative but is highly sensitive to environmental and physiological variables. This study integrates response surface methodology with a novel, non-invasive photographic imaging technique to optimize sedimentation efficiency.ResultsBoth species exhibited optimal growth in Bold Basal Medium, achieving cell densities of 29.59 and 9.5 million cells per mL, respectively. Automated cell counting strongly correlated with manual methods (R2 = 98.99%). Biochemical analysis revealed a higher protein content in C. sorokiniana (61.6%) and greater lipid content in M. convolutum (39.31%). Sedimentation efficiency was highest at acidic pH and low salinity, reaching 96.14% for C. sorokiniana and 88.7% for M. convolutum. Sealed vessels and smaller culture volumes further enhanced sedimentation efficiency. RSM predictive models achieved high accuracy (adjusted R2 > 99%). A novel, real-time photographic method for sedimentation assessment was introduced, offering a non-invasive, sampling-free alternative to conventional techniques. This method strongly correlated with OD-based measurements (R2 = 94.89%) and presents a scalable solution for continuous biomass monitoring. Compared to conventional centrifugation, the optimized sedimentation approach is estimated to reduce harvesting costs by 77–79%.ConclusionsThis study advances sedimentation-based harvesting of C. sorokiniana and M. convolutum by integrating RSM with a novel, automated, non-invasive imaging technique for sedimentation monitoring. This approach, rarely applied in microalgae harvesting, enables real-time assessment without disturbing the culture, enhancing process control and scalability. Sedimentation efficiency was influenced by cell morphology, biochemical composition, and environmental factors such as pH, salinity, gas exchange, and culture volume. The optimized conditions not only improved harvesting precision and reproducibility but also reduced harvesting costs, highlighting the method’s potential for economic and environmentally sustainable deployment in large-scale microalgae-based production systems for biofuels, bioplastics, and high-value compounds.Graphical

Dynamic impact experiments based on high-speed photography and digital image correlation (DIC) techniques were carried out on sandstone specimens containing arched holes to investigate the effect of the incident angle. In addition, the complex function method based on conformal mapping was used to theoretically calculate the transient dynamic stress distributions around the arched holes. The test results indicated that the strength and modulus of elasticity of the specimens under dynamic impact decreased and then increased with the increase of the inclination angle of the holes from 0 to 90° at intervals of 15°, reaching a minimum value at 60°, due to the large stress concentration at this angle leading to the shear failure of the specimen. During the experiment, rock debris ejections, spalling, and heaving were observed around the holes, and the rock debris ejections served as an indicator to identify the early fracture. The damage mechanism around the holes was revealed theoretically, i.e., the considerable compressive stress concentration in the perpendicular incidence direction around the arched hole and the tensile stress concentration on the incidence side led to the initiation of the damage around the cavity, and the theoretical results were in satisfactory agreement with the experimental results. In addition, the effect of the initial stress on the dynamic response of the arched tunnel was discussed.