Photographic Illustrations Research Articles

Rock Climbing-Related Injuries: A Clinical and Imaging Overview.

The rise in popularity of competitive and recreational rock climbing, particularly following its inclusion in the 2021 Summer Olympics, has led to a corresponding increase in rock climbing-related injuries. Due to the sport's unique biomechanical demands, it often presents injuries not commonly seen in other sports. Additionally, although some injuries align with those encountered in other sports, they manifest through distinctive climbing-related mechanisms unfamiliar to many clinicians. This paper delves into 10 prevalent injuries associated with the sport, exploring both sport-specific injuries and the unique mechanisms behind commonly encountered ones. Each injury receives a comprehensive overview, detailing its clinical presentation, evaluation, specific injury mechanisms with photographic and graphic illustrations, imaging representations, and treatment considerations. This paper aims to serve as a valuable reference for clinicians dealing with rock climbing-related injuries in clinical practice.

Begonia neisti sp. nov. (Sect. Platycentrum, Begoniaceae), a new species from Arunachal Pradesh, India

Begonia neisti sp. nov., a new species of B. sect. Platycentrum, from Dibang valley of Arunachal Pradesh, India is described and illustrated. A detailed taxonomic description, along with a photographic plate, illustration, distribution map and conservation status are provided. The conservation status of the new species is preliminarily assessed as data deficient (DD) according to the IUCN red list criteria. Molecular data (ITS2) underwent phylogenetic analysis (maximum parsimony (MP) and Bayesian inference (BI)) to elucidate the relationships of the studied species within the genus.

Dependence of the Emotional Experience of Newspaper Photographic Illustration on the Medium of Realization

The paper investigated the experience and emotional reaction of respondents to different newspaper photographic illustrations depending on the media of realization (print in newspaper press, laptop computer screen, and smartphone screen). Due to differences in the formation of basic visual psychophysical reactions in affirmative childhood, the respondents were chosen from two separate age groups: younger from 19 to 23 years and mature from 38 to 49 years. Respondents rated from 1 to 5 the emotional reaction caused by the observed photographic illustration according to the offered reactions: happiness, love, hope, fear, sadness, hatred, anger, envy, shock, sexual attraction, disgust, shame, pride, attraction, and sympathy. Through the research, the difference in experiences and emotional reactions depending on the gender and age difference was monitored. The results of the research indicate that depending on the medium of display, there are significant differences in the experience of photographic newspaper illustrations depending on the age of the respondents, gender, but that previous, but more current, habits of using display technologies also have a significant influence.

First report of Eupterote sp. nr. gardneri Byrk, 1950 (Lepidoptera: Eupterotidae) as a defoliator pest of banana in Kerala, India with notes on its biology

In this study, Eupterote sp. nr. gardneri Byrk, 1950 (=Eupterote geminata (Walker) ssp. gardneri Byrk, 1950) is recorded for the first time as a pest of banana in India. The outbreaks and crop damage caused by the hairy caterpillars of this species are documented with illustrated images. The banana cultivars Palayamkodan, Nendran, and Ney Poovan in the field, as well as cv. Popoulu in insect net house studies, were identified as preferred host varieties. Detailed morphological characteristics of the final instar caterpillar and adults, along with photographic illustrations, are provided. The biology of the pest and additional host plant records from Kerala are also discussed. Key words: First report of Eupterote sp, Eupterotidae, pest, defoliator, banana, economic loss, biology, host plants, India.

A New Generic Record of Phyllanthaceae (Phyllanthus L.): Addition to the Alien Invasive Vascular Flora of Türkiye

The genus Phyllanthus L. and its species P. tenellus Roxb. (Phyllanthaceae) are reported as new genus and species for the vascular flora of Türkiye. A new Turkish name of the species is given. This new invasive greenhouse weed (in Türkiye) are provided with both photographic and technical hand drawing illustrations to facilitate future identification. A description of the genus and species are also provided in detail. Specimens of the species were collected from both research and application greenhouse of Faculty of Forestry in Karadeniz Technical University (KTÜ) and Of Forest Nursery Directorate greenhouses.

Discovery of two new species and three new records of the tribe Archipini (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) from India

We describe Choristoneura ribhoiensis sp. nov. Shashank & Santhosh and Terthreutis subrectangulus sp. nov. Shashank & Santhosh as new species (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Tortricinae: Archipini). We also report new country records for three species of Archipini, namely Clepsis laetornata (Wang Li & Wang, 2003), Diplocalyptis ferruginimixta Razowski, 2009, and Diplocalyptis operosa (Meyrick, 1908), which are recorded from India for the first time. We provide descriptions and photographic illustrations of adult habitus, wing venation and genitalia for these five species.

Classification system for maxillary fixed dental prostheses.

To present an addendum to existing fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) classification system for maxillary prostheses. The new classification identifies the relationships between FP-1 (fixed prostheses) designs and newly developed clinical interdental gingival contours. Clinical and laboratory descriptions of the various types of full-arch fixed prostheses are described with photographic illustrations. Benefits and limitations of the various prosthetic designs are explained. Surgical differences in the amount of alveolectomy are illustrated. One clinical case is demonstrated. A new classification system for maxillary implant fixed complete dentures is presented. The new system will serve as an improved communication aid for clinicians, patients, and laboratory technicians. Treatment of patients with edentulous maxillae and/or terminal dentitions and implant fixed complete dentures include several options relative to design and materials. Restorative space can have a major impact on prosthesis design and longevity. Early on in dental implant therapy, prostheses were generally made with cast metal frameworks, denture bases and denture teeth. Prosthetic complications were widely reported. With increased clinical experience and improved materials, computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) protocols were developed that allowed stronger prostheses to be constructed in reduced or small restorative volumes. FP-1 ceramic implant-supported fixed prostheses (CISFPs) are designed to replace only the dental hard tissues and to promote preservation and rehabilitation of gingival soft tissues. The physical properties and minimum thickness requirements in full arch prostheses are influenced by several factors including distances between implants and rigid connector sizes. FP-1 CISFPs may be the closest prostheses the profession can offer edentulous patients that mimic the look, feel, and function of missing dentitions. Aesthetic outcomes of FP-1 CISFPs are variable and depend on a multitude of factors. This article presented a classification system that builds on existing classification by identifying the level of papilla heights achieved with FP-1 CISFPs.

Tzeltalia graciellae (Solanaceae), a new species from the states of Guerrero and Oaxaca, Mexico

Tzeltalia graciellae (Solanaceae), a new species from the states of Guerrero and Oaxaca, Mexico, is described and illustrated. This species is related to T. esenbeckii, but can be distinguished by its (4–)6–10(–11) flowers per fascicle, pedicels 10–16 mm long, spherical fruit calyx 4.5–7 mm long, fruits 3–6 mm in diameter, and entire leaf margins. A detailed comparison table, a key to the known species of Tzeltalia, and photographic illustrations are provided.

Phaeoacremonium philippinense (Togniniales, Sordariomycetes), a novel freshwater fungus from the Philippines

An investigation of freshwater fungi in the Philippines resulted in the collection and isolation of a new species of Phaeoacremonium (Togniniaceae) from unidentified decayed submerged wood. The novel hyphomycetous species, Phaeoacremonium philippinense, shares the same morphology with other members of the genus, such as having short, usually unbranched conidiophores, the presence of three types of phialides, and oblong-ellipsoidal to oblong conidia. A multi-locus phylogenetic analysis of the combined ITS-tub2-act-tef1-α-LSU dataset placed P. philippinense as a sister taxon to P. thailandense and indicated a shared clade with P. sicilianum. Detailed descriptions and photographic illustrations of P. philippinense are provided.

Chlorohiptage (Tetrapteroids, Malpighiaceae), a distinct new genus endemic to Vietnam based on morphological and molecular data

Background and aims – Vietnam is one of the leading diversity centres for Asian Malpighiaceae, comprising 24 accepted species and three native genera (i.e. Aspidopterys, Hiptage, and Tristellateia). During recent fieldwork towards completing the taxonomic revision of Malpighiaceae for the Flora of Vietnam, we have collected specimens from two populations that could not be placed in any of the three native genera of this family. We performed morphological and molecular phylogenetic studies to test the generic placement of those specimens. Material and methods – We sampled 27 genera (including the Asian Acridocarpus, Aspidopterys, Brachylophon, Hiptage, Stigmaphyllon, and Tristellateia, out of a total of 75) of Malpighiaceae representing all phylogenetic clades comprising paleotropical lineages (i.e. acridocarpoids, bunchosioids, tetrapteroids, malpighioids, and stigmaphylloids), the unusual specimen recently collected in Vietnam, and the two genera of Elatinaceae as outgroups. Maximum Likelihood analysis was carried out based on a molecular matrix alignment of the internal transcribed spacer marker (ITS). Comprehensive morphological analyses were also carried out based on the collected specimens and additional herbarium specimens. Key results – Our molecular phylogeny strongly supported the unusual specimen from Vietnam placed as sister to Hiptage in the tetrapteroid clade. Key morphological traits differing these Vietnamese specimens from Hiptage were identified related to the floral bud imbrication, shape, colour, posture of sepals and petals, length of stamen filaments, number of styles, and shape of mericarps, allowing the proposition of a new monospecific genus. Conclusions – Chlorohiptage vietnamensis is proposed as a new monospecific genus closely related to Hiptage but differing in several key morphological traits. A complete morphological description is provided alongside photographic illustrations and notes on its conservation, distribution, ecology, etymology, and taxonomy. Additionally, an updated identification key to the genera of the tetrapteroid clade is provided.

\(\textit{Persicaria runcinata}\), a new generic record for Vietnam, and a key to Vietnamese polygonaceae

Persicaria runcinata is reported from Lai Chau provinces in Northern Vietnam, representing the first record of this species and the genus Persicaria in the country. Detailed photographic illustrations of studied specimens are provided. A key to the Vietnamese genera and species of Polygonaceae is presented.

Swertia jayantii (Gentianaceae): a new species from North-East India

Swertia jayantii (Gentianaceae), a new species from Jaintia hills, Meghalaya, India is described here with photographic illustration. The new species is described under Swertia subgenus Ophelia sect. Ophelia due to the presence of single, naked nectary on each corolla lobe. It closely resembles S. cordata in having corolla lobes with blue-purple veins and quadrangular, narrowly winged stem. However, it can be distinguished by its deltoid-shaped nectary, calyx lobes shorter than corolla lobes, and obtuse leaf base. A taxonomic description showing detailed morphological characters with a key to the closely related species is provided here to facilitate its proper identification.

Swertia kashmirensis subsp. darii (Gentianaceae), a new taxon from Kashmir Himalaya, India

Swertia kashmirensis subsp. darii (Gentianaceae), a new taxon from Kashmir Himalaya, India is described here with description and photographic illustrations. The new taxon resembles in few morphological characters with congeneric S. kashmirensis, but differs clearly in having basal leaves with apices acute, petals elliptic-oblong, apices obtuse with an apical notch, whitish adaxially and purplish with dull whitish margins abaxially, size of nectaries and fimbriae, carpel ovoid, anthers ovate, capsule ellipsoid, seeds brownish, round with wings narrow.

Taxonomic revision of the genus Chimonocalamus (Arundinarieae, Bambusoideae, Poaceae) in Thailand

Chimonocalamus is a genus in the Arundinarieae (the tribe of temperate woody bamboos), distributed in the Eastern Himalayas, India, Myanmar, China, Thailand, and Vietnam. Distinguishing characters of the genus include pachymorph rhizomes, rings of root thorns at lower culm nodes, a branch complement of 3–5 subequal branches, paniculate inflorescences, and spikelets with 2 glumes and 3–6 florets. Taxonomic knowledge of Chimonocalamus in mainland Southeast Asia has grown as new species were reported from Thailand and Vietnam, adding to those previously documented mainly in China and India. Such a situation supports an increased understanding in the geographic distribution and diversity of the group. The objective of this paper is to update the Chimonocalamus account for Thailand and summarize taxonomic information pertinent to future studies. Here, our taxonomic revision of Chimonocalamus in Thailand includes three species, C. auriculatus, C. elegans and C. gallatlyi; the latter is a new record for Thailand. Nomenclatural treatments, morphological descriptions, a photographic illustration of C. gallatlyi, and a current distribution map of three species are presented.

Additional record of the Black Turmeric Curcuma caesia Roxb. (Zingiberales: Zingiberaceae) in Bhutan

Curcuma caesia Roxb is a perennial, medicinal herb, which is native to northeastern India but can be found in other Asian countries like China, Nepal, Thailand, Malaysia, and Bangladesh. The plant is used in traditional medicine for treating conditions like leucoderma, asthma, tumours, piles, bronchitis, and bruises. During recent floristic exploration, C. caesia was recorded from Orong Geog of Samdrup Jongkhar district (26.933117 N, 91.493064 E), Bhutan on 10 July 2021 at an elevation of 1,227 m. Identification and morphological description of C. caesia was done through Flora of Bhutan, India (manual) & other literature. The thriving plants were discovered in a warm broadleaved forest close to a settlement, sheltered from grazing and human activities. A detailed description, distribution, habitat information, conservation status, and photographic illustrations are available.

The taxonomic identity of Trigona lacteipennis Friese, 1900 and description of a new bee species of the Trigona cilipes (Fabricius, 1804) group (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini).

A critical study of type material for Trigona lacteipennis Friese, 1900 and allied species is presented along with a discussion of literature data. This work reveals that T. lacteipennis is a junior subjective synonym of Melipona paupera Provancher, 1889 (new synonymy), a species currently classified placed in the genus Frieseomelitta. Similarly, T. lehmanni Friese, 1901 and T. parastigma Cockerell, 1918 are also junior subjective synonyms of Melipona paupera (new synonymies). Morphological characters, photographic illustrations of type specimens, and data on distribution are provided for Frieseomelitta paupera. Also, we describe a new species of Trigona cilipes species group, Trigona (Aphaneuropsis) silveirai sp. nov., which is very similar to the former and had been misidentified with it.

Taxonomy of Korean Dinaraea Thomson (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae)

A taxonomic study of the genus Dinaraea Thomson in Korea is presented. Three species are recognized and D. linearis (Gravenhorst) is newly added to the Korean fauna. A key to Korean species, redescriptions, and illustrations of the habitus photographs and diagnostic characters are provided.

Korean species of Hydrosmecta Thomson (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae) with descriptions of two new species.

A taxonomic study of the genus Hydrosmecta Thomson in Korea is presented. The genus is represented in Korea by three species including two new species, H. beolgokensis Lee & Ahn, sp. nov. and H. koreana Lee & Ahn, sp. nov. A key to Korean species, descriptions, and illustrations of habitus photographs and diagnostic characters are provided to facilitate identification.

Four new species of the genus Camptoscaphiella Caporiacco, 1934 (Araneae, Oonopidae) from Xizang, China.

Four new species of the genus Camptoscaphiella Caporiacco, 1934 are described from Xizang, China, i.e., C.metok Tong & Li, sp. nov. (♂), C.shannan Tong & Li, sp. nov. (♂♀), C.trifoliata Tong & Li, sp. nov. (♂♀) and C.zayu Tong & Li, sp. nov. (♂♀). Morphological descriptions, photographic illustrations and a distribution map of the four new species are given.

Two new alien records of Hordeum jubatum (Poaceae) and Tripleurospermum inodorum (Asteraceae) in Mongolia

Hordeum jubatum L. and Tripleurospermum inodorum (L.) Sch. Bip. are currently recorded as non-native in the flora of Mongolia. Hordeum jubatum can easily be distinguished from other Mongolian Hordeum species by its glumes that are much (usually more than 10×) longer than the floret. Tripleurospermum inodorum differs from T. limosum (Maxim.) Pobed. by its annual or biennial plants without rhizomes, branched stems, and capitulae. The present study provides descriptions, a distribution map, taxonomic keys, taxonomic notes, and photographic illustrations of the two species based on newly collected samples.