Photocatalytic Degradation Of Reactive Orange Research Articles

Iron‐Based Metal–Organic Frameworks for Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of Reactive Orange 16 Textile Dye

Iron‐Based Metal–Organic Frameworks for Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of Reactive Orange 16 Textile Dye

Sustainable green synthesis and characterization of nanocomposites for synergistic photocatalytic degradation of Reactive Orange 16 in textile wastewater using CuO@A-TiO2/Ro-TiO2

This paper explores the photocatalytic degradation of Reactive Orange 16 (RO16) dye in textile wastewater employing a novel CuO@A-TiO2/Ro-TiO2 nanocomposite. The nanocomposite was synthesized via a hydrothermal technique, resulting in a monoclinic phase of leaf-shaped CuO loaded on a hexagonal wurtzite structure of rod-shaped ZnO, as confirmed by FE-SEM and XRD analyses. Optical experiments revealed band gap energies of 1.99 eV for CuO, 2.19 eV for ZnO, and 3.34 eV for the CuO@A-TiO2/Ro-TiO2 nanocomposite. Photocatalytic degradation experiments showcased complete elimination of a 100 mg/L RO16 solution (150 mL) after 120 min of UV light illumination and 100 min of sunlight illumination, emphasizing the nanocomposite's efficiency under both light sources. The study further delves into the application of the CuO@A-TiO2/Ro-TiO2 nanocomposite for the degradation of actual textile wastewater samples under sunlight irradiation. The results underscore the nanocomposite's remarkable efficacy in treating RO16 in textile wastewater, positioning it as a promising candidate for sustainable and efficient wastewater treatment applications. This research contributes valuable insights into the development of advanced photocatalytic materials for textile dye degradation in wastewater treatment.

Bi-doped g-C3N4/Bi2WO6 ternary composites for superior photocatalytic degradation of reactive orange 16 under visible light irradiation

Because of unrestricted disposal, the concentration of reactive dyes in wastewater is gradually increasing. Owing to their eco-toxicity their removal becomes so crucial. In this regard, Bi(0)-doped g-C3N4/Bi2WO6 (g-C3N4/Bi@Bi2WO6) nanocomposites were prepared by wet impregnation followed by calcination. Remarkably, the Bi(0) doping occurs concertedly during the preparation of Bi2WO6 without the addition of any extra reducing agent. The efficacy of the photocatalyst for eliminating reactive orange 16 was evaluated under visible light irradiation. XRD, FESEM, HRTEM, DRS, XPS, BET, etc., were employed to characterize these hybrids. The presence of Bi(0) was confirmed by HRTEM and XPS. Increasing the g-C3N4 content enhances the specific surface and reduces the charge transfer resistance. Among the various photocatalysts, the 20 wt% g-C3N4/Bi@Bi2WO6 hybrid owned the highest degradation efficiency of 89 % after 300 min of reaction time. The controlled experiments confirm the participation of holes and superoxide anions during the reactions. The various reaction intermediates were detected by HRMS providing the necessary evidence about the mechanism. The heterostructure possesses excellent reusability and stability. Due to enhanced catalytic activity, high stability, and ease of synthesis, the reported composite can be considered as a promising catalyst for the degradation of pollutants.

Process Development for Photocatalytic Degradation of Reactive Dyes in Wastewater

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are widely used for the removal of recalcitrant organic constituents from industrial and municipal wastewater. This study mainly focused the use of TiO2 and ZnO catalysts for removal of textile dyes. Synthesis of TiO2 and ZnO photo catalysts was done by sol-gel method. These catalysts were used to obtain enhanced photo catalytic action and were coated on glass beads to improve the photo catalytic activity. The synthesized beads were examined using SEM, FTIR and XRD. Synthesized photocatalysts were examined extensively for their photocatalytic activities with Reactive Orange(RO), Reactive Blue(RB), Textile industry Effluent (TIE) and mixture of dyes (RO+RB, RO+RB +TIE) at various concentrations (50ppm, 100ppm). The photocatalytic degradation of RO, RB, TIE, RO+RB and RO+RB +TIE dyes solution (100mg/L and 50mg/L) using TiO2 and ZnO were investigated under UV light irradiation (λ=254nm). Photocatalytic studies revealed that the TiO2 has shown much higher photocatalytic activity than the ZnO catalyst. The photocatalytic activity of the TiO2 catalyst follows the order: Reactive Orange of 50 ppm (80.98%) > Reactive Blue dye of 50 ppm (77.17%)> Reactive Orange dye of 100 ppm (74.98)>Reactive blue of 100 ppm (72%). The photocatalytic activity of the ZnO catalyst follows the order: Reactive Orange of 50 ppm (75.12%) > Reactive Blue dye of 50 ppm (73.98%)> Reactive Blue dye of 100 ppm (71%)>Reactive Orange of 100 ppm (70%).

Anatase TiO2 powder immobilized on reticulated Al2O3 ceramics as a photocatalyst for degradation of RO16 azo dye

The three-dimensional network of open-celled Al2O3 ceramic supports were first fabricated using a polymeric sponge replication technique. The polyurethane foams soaked with the highly loaded Al2O3 ceramic slurry were drained, slowly dried and sintered at 950 °C to complete the burn out process and to construct the ceramic preforms. They were then carefully soaked again with the moderately loaded Al2O3 slurry and sintered at 1500 °C to increase their strength. Finally, the photocatalyst ceramic powder covering the outer surfaces was placed layer by layer through dipping the rigid Al2O3 supports repeatedly in the slurry of TiO2 powder. The dip-applied TiO2 was sintered eventually at relatively low temperature of 700 °C to prevent phase transformation. The efficiencies of the TiO2 coated Al2O3 samples were evaluated by the photocatalytic degradation of reactive orange 16 (RO16) azo dye molecules dissolved in water. Nearly complete color removals were achieved within 75 min under UVC irradiation.

Preparation and optimization of CeO2 nanoparticles and its application in photocatalytic degradation of Reactive Orange 16 dye

Cerium oxide nanoparticles were prepared by a novel simple microemulsion procedure and sol–gel method. Using the Taguchi design method, the effective parameters were determined and optimized for CeO2 nanoparticle synthesis. These nanoparticles were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, DLS, and BET. The data obtained by these analyses indicated that the microemulsion procedure produces finer particles (3.9nm) with higher specific surface area in comparison with the sol–gel method. In addition, photocatalytic degradation behavior of the Reactive Orange 16 in aqueous solution with cerium oxide nanoparticles was studied successfully.

Photocatalytic degradation of Reactive Orange 4 by surface fluorinated TiO2 Wackherr under UV-A light

This paper reports the results of a study on the surface fluorinated titanium dioxide Wackherr’s “Oxyde de titane standard”, which shows very interesting photocatalytic activity. Characterization of FTiO2 Wackherr reveals that FTiO2 has smaller size compared to TiO2 Wackherr. The effect of fluoride ions on photocatalytic activity of TiO2 Wackherr in the degradation of a chlorotriazine azo dye Reactive Orange 4 (RO 4) under ambient conditions using UV light was investigated. The degradation rate of RO 4 with surface fluorinated TiO2 Wackherr is 2.4 times faster than TiO2-Wackherr. The degradation rate of UV/TiO2-Wackherr process is largely decreased by the increase of initial dye concentration, whereas in UV/FTiO2 Wackherr process, the influence of initial dye concentration is minimum. FTiO2 Wackherr catalyst is suitable for the treatment of dye industrial wastewater at higher concentration. The optimum operating conditions of UV/FTiO2 Wackherr process for efficient dye degradation are reported.

Kinetic Modeling of Photocatalytic Degradation of an Azo Dye Using Nano-TiO2/Polyester

Photocatalytic degradation of Reactive Orange 16 (RO16) was investigated using immobilized TiO2 nanoparticles on polyester support in exposure of UV irradiation in recirculated tubular photoreactors. Utilization of the polyester as a support has several advantages, such as low price, remarkable surface area, flexibility, and durability. Moreover, the prepared TiO2/polyester was successfully applied for the photocatalytic degradation of RO16 in aqueous media for several times without any discernible diminution in its activity. Applied TiO2 nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Experimental results indicate that the degradation rate of RO16 follows pseudo-first-order kinetics. With nonlinear regression, a model was developed for prediction of pseudo-first-order rate constants (kapp) as a function of operational parameters, including temperature (295–328K), flow rate (5–15 L·min−1), and initial concentration of RO16 (5–25 mg·L−1) as $$k_{\rm app} = 2.20 ( \exp { [- 7427 / \rm RT} ]) ( FR ) ^{0.5034} [ {0.112 / (1 + 0.112 [ \rm RO16 ] _0} )] .$$ Calculated data from the model are in good agreement with the experimental results. Electrical energies per order (EEO) were estimated from the calculated and experimental data show that EEO depends on the operational parameters, considerably. To monitor the mineralization of RO16, chemical oxygen demand (COD) measurements were carried out during the UV/TiO2 process. COD measurement results indicated that all organic substances were completely mineralized after 5 h of UV irradiation.

Photocatalytic Degradation of Reactive Orange 16 Dye in a ZnO Coated Thin Film Flow Photoreactor

Photocatalytic Degradation of Reactive Orange 16 Dye in a ZnO Coated Thin Film Flow Photoreactor

Photocatalytic degradation of reactive orange 16 dye over Au-doped TiO<SUB align=right>2 in aqueous suspension

The effect of nanosized Au deposits on TiO2 particles for the photocatalytic degradation of reactive orange 16 dye (RO 16) as model compound was investigated. The deposition of Au on TiO2 was carried out by deposition-precipitation (DP). The catalysts were characterised by XRD, TEM, and XPS analyses. The photocatalytic experiments were carried out under a radiation source of low-pressure mercury vapour lamp (6 W) emitting ultraviolet light with maximum intensity at 253.7 nm. The Au deposits significantly enhanced the degradation rate of the dye. The significant enhancement of the Au/TiO2 photocatalyst can be ascribed to the trapping of photogenerated electrons by nano-sized gold particles, which subsequently increase the lifetime of the photogenerated hole for oxidation process and also increased light absorption by crystalline defects. The catalytic activity was found to be dependent on the metal content on TiO2 and showed a maximum at 2 wt% Au. The amount of catalyst was optimised as 2.5 g/L. The photocatalytic activity was strongly dependent on the initial pH of the suspension; pH values in the range 5-10 showed better activity, whereas highly acidic and basic suspensions resulted in a considerable decrease in the activity.

Retraction note on: kinetic and anion degradation products study on photocatalytic degradation of reactive orange 5 solution with phosphotungstic acid

Increasing environmental pollution caused by toxic dyes is a matter of great concern due to their hazardous nature. So it is crucial to develop processes which can destroy these dyes effectively. It has been generally agreed that reactive orange 5 (KGN) can be effectively degraded in aerated phosphotungstic acid (HPA) in a homogeneous reaction system using near-UV irradiation. In this paper, photocatalytic degradation of reactive orange 5 solutions with phosphotungstic acid was investigated, especially more attention was paid to the kinetic model and the anion degradation products. The results revealed that the photocatalytic degradation reaction of KGN with HPA in a homogenous solution can be described by Langmuir-Hinshelwood equation and Langmuir-Hinshewood kinetic model described it well. The reaction manifested the first order with lower concentration(⩽30 mg L−1) with the limiting rate constant and the adsorption constant in this case being 0.8098 mg L−1 min−1 and 4.359 10−2 L mg−1, respectively. The degradation mechanism of KGN with HPA is different from that with TiO2, the anion products of the two reaction systems are the same. The difference in degradation mechanism of KGN with HPA from that with TiO2 is caused by the nature of the photocatalyst.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Kinetic and anion degradation products study on photocatalytic degradation of reactive orange 5 solution with phosphotungstic acid

Abstract Increasing environmental pollution caused by toxic dyes is a matter of great concern due to their hazardous nature. So it is crucial to develop processes which can destroy these dyes effectively. It has been generally agreed that reactive orange 5 (KGN) can be effectively degraded in aerated phosphotungstic acid (HPA) in a homogeneous reaction system using near-UV irradiation. In this paper, photocatalytic degradation of reactive orange 5 solutions with phosphotungstic acid was investigated, especially more attention was paid to the kinetic model and the anion degradation products. The results revealed that the photocatalytic degradation reaction of KGN with HPA in a homogenous solution can be described by Langmuir-Hinshelwood equation and Langmuir-Hinshewood kinetic model described it well. The reaction manifested the first order with lower concentration(⩽30 mg L−1) with the limiting rate constant and the adsorption constant in this case being 0.8098 mg L−1 min−1 and 4.359 10−2 L mg−1, respectively. The degradation mechanism of KGN with HPA is different from that with TiO2, the anion products of the two reaction systems are the same. The difference in degradation mechanism of KGN with HPA from that with TiO2 is caused by the nature of the photocatalyst.

Photocatalytic efficiency of ZnO plates in degradation of azo dye solutions

Tape casting method was used to prepare ZnO plates for photocatalytic degradation of Reactive Orange 16 (RO 16) and Reactive Red 180 (RR 180) textile dyes in aqueous solutions. The plates were sintered at 700 °C and 1050 °C and characterized by using TG-DTA, BET and SEM. The sintering process at 700 °C yields relatively high surface area ZnO plates comparing with the plates sintered at 1050 °C. The photocatalytic activity was enhanced when the high surface area plates were used in photocatalytic degradation processes. Up to 95.7% and 88.6% color removal was obtained in 90 min for the RR 180 and RO 16 aqueous solutions, respectively, when the plates were sintered at 700 °C. Total organic carbon (TOC) removal was 43% at 180 min for RR 180 solution. Photocorrosion tendency was observed to some extend during photocatalysis when multiple tests were performed on the same plate. This corrosive effect was recovered by the memory effect when the plates were subjected to dark interval overnight.

RETRACTED: Kinetic study on photocatalytic degradation of reactive orange 5 solution with phosphotungstic acid

This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief and Authors. Please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal ( http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy ). Reason: The authors have plagiarized the Masters thesis of Min Zhu, Dalian Jiaotong University, 2004. They have also duplicated significant parts of a paper published in Central European Journal of Chemistry 6 (2008) 99–105, doi: 10.2478/s11532-007-0064-2 . One of the conditions of submission of a paper for publication is that authors declare explicitly that their work is original and has not appeared in a publication elsewhere. Re-use of any data should be appropriately cited. As such this article represents a severe abuse of the scientific publishing system. The scientific community takes a very strong view on this matter and we apologize to readers of the journal that this was not detected during the submission process. We thank Professor Xiuhua Zhu (Dalian Jiaotong University) for bringing the thesis plagiarism to our attention.

Photocatalytic Degradation of the Textile Dye Reactive Orange 16 in the Presence of TiO2 Suspensions

The photocatalytic degradation of Reactive Orange 16, a textile azo dye, has been investigated in aqueous heterogeneous solutions containing titanium dioxide TiO2 as photocatalyst. The disappearance of the organic molecule follows approximately a pseudo-first kinetic order according to the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model. CO2, NO3 −, NH4 + and SO4 2− ions have been identified as mineralization products. Various commercial photocatalysts were compared with respect to their decolorization efficiency, as well as the production of CO2. The effect of pH and H2O2 on the reaction rate was ascertained.