Photobiological Safety Research Articles

Photobiological safety of the recently introduced energy efficient household lamps.

Nowadays more and more newly introduced light sources (tungsten-halogen, compact fluorescent (CFL) and light-emitting diode (LED) lamps) are used in households. It is important to know whether their radiation poses any possible risk for human health or not. These light sources emit optical radiation not solely in the visible spectrum. Other bands emitted by these sources, i.e., ultraviolet and infrared, are potentially hazardous for human health. The visible light, especially the blue light, could also damage human retina. The purpose of this study was to determine the ultraviolet (UV) and blue light (BL) emissions from halogen bulbs, CFLs and LED lamps, and to evaluate them from the point of view of possible health risks for general public. The exposure of UV and BL emissions from 19 types of CFLs, 11 types of halogen lamps and 4 types of LED lamps produced by different manufacturers were measured at 200 mm distance from the source. The exposures to UV and BL were below the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) exposure limits in spite of the very conservative assumption of the assessment. Results of this study indicate that the UV and BL radiation from the newly introduced lamps does not exceed the current exposure limit values and thus, in comparison with the former incandescent bulbs, does not result in a higher risk for general public.

Photobiologically Safe High Color Rendering Index White Organic Light-Emitting Devices

A high color rendering index (CRI) white organic light-emitting devices with photobiological safety is demonstrated. The effect of the active layer thickness on CRI and blue light hazard is demonstrated. The optimized device shows a high general CRI of 97, a special CRI R 9 of 94, and a power efficiency of 15.2 lm/W. The correlated color temperature is 2161. The device could be classified into low risk group at ~2000 cd/m 2 , which is proved to be safe for our eyes and could be applied to indoor illumination.

大尺寸LED彩色显示屏的人眼光生物安全性分析

大尺寸LED点阵彩色显示屏因其特有的高亮度、广色域、高对比度等优势在众多场合中受到人们青睐；同时，该类显示屏对人眼的光生物安全性问题也受到人们重视。本文依据现行的国际标准，对LED显示屏的光生物安全性，从视网膜蓝光危害和热危害两个方面，进行了测量，并选取了两台等离子(PDP)电视和液晶(LCD)电视样机作为比对。结果表明，对三种测试样品，在同等亮度和白场条件下，LED彩色显示屏的对人眼视网膜的危害指数与等离子(PDP)电视和液晶(LCD)电视没有显著性差异。 Large-size LED lattice color screen is widely used due to the advantages of high brightness, wide color gamut, high contrast etc.; meanwhile the photobiological safety issue of LED screen is con-cerned. According to current CIE standard, this paper sets up an objective model for evaluating the photobiological safety of LED screen. Based on this model, by using the spectral radiance mea-surement, this paper calculates the blue light hazard and heat radiation hazard on human retina of LED color screen, also those of PDP television and LCD television as comparison. The results show that, in the same brightness and white point application, the hazard index on human retina of LED color screen does not have obviously differences from PDP television and LCD television.

Acrylic nail curing UV lamps: High-intensity exposure warrants further research of skin cancer risk

Acrylic nail curing UV lamps: High-intensity exposure warrants further research of skin cancer risk

Evaluation of Blue Light for Lighting Environment : Photobiological Safety Standard for Lamps and Lamp Systems, and Problems on the Optical Radiometry(<Special Issue>Psychological / Physiological Effect and Evaluation of Blue Light)

Evaluation of Blue Light for Lighting Environment : Photobiological Safety Standard for Lamps and Lamp Systems, and Problems on the Optical Radiometry(<Special Issue>Psychological / Physiological Effect and Evaluation of Blue Light)

Photobiological Safety Evaluation of UV Nail Lamps

We evaluated six UV nail lamps representative of major US manufacturers to evaluate radiant hazards as defined in ANSI/IESNA RP-27 Recommended Practice for Photobiological Safety. Lamps were evaluated at three positions, 1 cm above the inner surface approximating exposure to the hand and the 20 cm RP-27 non-general light source distance, oriented normal and 45° to the opening. Hazard to skin at intended use distance classified these devices into Risk Group 1 or 2 (Low to Moderate) with S(λ) weighted Actinic UV ranging 1.2-1.7 μW cm(-2) and 29.8-276.25 min permissible daily exposure. At 20 cm on center and 45° UV risk to skin and eyes were all within Exempt classification. Actinic UV ranged 0.001-0.078 μW cm(-2) and unweighted near UV (320-400 nm) ranged 0.001-0.483 mW cm(-2). Likewise the retinal photochemical blue light hazard and retinal thermal and cornea/lens IR were also Exempt. One device had aphakic eye hazard slightly rising into Risk Group 1 (Low). There were no other photobiological risks to normal individuals. Total exposure following programmed times and steps accumulate to only a small fraction of RP-27 permissible daily occupational exposure. These risks are further mitigated in realistic nonoccupational use scenarios as it is unlikely to be a daily occurrence.

Expectation at the 95th Anniversary of the IEIJ(The 95th-Anniversary Special Issue: Heading for a Brighter Future)

Structure of lighting industry has been changing by dissemination of LED lighting. Considering the future of lighting, it seems important to adopt our research results on interaction between visual mechanism, visual environment, photo-biological safety and so on for human being and lighting technologies into standards as well as in the case of light sources. The IEIJ, which consists of a lot of professionals, should catch the market trend from an early stage of the evolutional change and enhance steering functions of standardization on LED lighting to realize new lighting style, to lead lighting science and to improve presence of IEIJ in the world.

Measurement of UV radiation of LED lighting

Many countries and researchers in the lighting field have focused on the LED light source as a solution to energy savings and environmental pollution. The LED light source consumes less power, has a long life and is highly economical. It is vibration and shock-resistant, and environment friendly as well. But LED lighting has some problems. In particular, the photobiological safety of LED light sources is emerging as an issue. Ultraviolet radiation from the LED light source emitted directly to the human body over a long period of time is harmful. In this paper, UV radiation from white LED was measured. Finally, the LED light source emits UV radiation, but it is relatively small when compared to others.

Prophylactic UV Radiation and CIE Standard on Photobiological Safety of Lamps and Lamp Systems

Two aspects of UV photobiology have come up almost simultaneously for discussion. On the one hand, the CIE has, for all practical purposes, completed discussions of a new standard “CIE S 009/E: 2002 Photobiological Safety of Lamps and Lamp Systems”1), and it was adopted without any amendments. On the other hand, some national standards (for example, in Russia) have for decades insisted on UVA+UVB radiation being used for prophylactic purposes at actinic erythemal doses (around 140 J m-2 per 8 hours of irradiation), which are significantly higher than prohibitive doses of actinic UV hazard (30 J m-2) suggested in the CIE standard. It seems that this arisen situation is to be thought about more carefully.

Photobiological safety issues on LEDs for general lighting

Photobiological safety issues on LEDs for general lighting

LED光源の人体への安全性に関する諸問題

LED光源の人体への安全性に関する諸問題

CIE S 009/E:2002 Photobiological safety of lamps and lamp systems

Color Research & ApplicationVolume 27, Issue 6 p. 457-457 Miscellaneous CIE S 009/E:2002 Photobiological safety of lamps and lamp systems First published: 23 October 2002 https://doi.org/10.1002/col.10101AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Volume27, Issue6December 2002Pages 457-457 RelatedInformation

CIE Draft Standard DS 009.1/E‐2000 photobiological safety of lamps and lamp systems

Color Research & ApplicationVolume 26, Issue 1 p. 104-104 Publications Briefly Mentioned CIE Draft Standard DS 009.1/E-2000 photobiological safety of lamps and lamp systems First published: 07 December 2000 https://doi.org/10.1002/1520-6378(200102)26:1<104::AID-COL12>3.0.CO;2-AAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Volume26, Issue1February 2001Pages 104-104 RelatedInformation

CIE Draft Standard DS 009.1/E-2000 photobiological safety of lamps and lamp systems

Color Research & ApplicationVolume 26, Issue 1 p. 104-104 Publications Briefly Mentioned CIE Draft Standard DS 009.1/E-2000 photobiological safety of lamps and lamp systems First published: 07 December 2000 https://doi.org/10.1002/1520-6378(200102)26:1<104::AID-COL12>3.0.CO;2-AAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Volume26, Issue1February 2001Pages 104-104 RelatedInformation

Photobiological Safety and Risk—ANSI/IESNA RP-27 Series

(1998). Photobiological Safety and Risk—ANSI/IESNA RP-27 Series. Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society: Vol. 27, No. 1, pp. 136-143.