Photo-rechargeable Battery Research Articles

Adsorption and diffusion of lithium ions on lead‐free two‐dimensional halide perovskite surface toward energy storage applications

Lead-free halide perovskite materials have recently been deployed for energy storage applications such as lithium-ion batteries and photo-rechargeable batteries. Yet, the detailed interactions between the lithium ions and the lead-free halide perovskite remain elusive, inhibiting deeper understanding of the halide perovskite materials for the energy storage applications. In this manuscript, we systematically investigate the adsorption of lithium ions on an experimentally verified two-dimensional (2D) lead-free halide perovskite Cs2CuBr4 via first-principles calculations. The simulation demonstrates that the lithium ion can reside on multiple sites at the halide perovskite surface near the bromine atoms, albeit initiating severe structural distortions in the substrate. The lithium ions move relatively easily on the halide perovskite surface, which is demonstrated by the small energy barriers of 0.15 eV. The lithium substitution at the A-site of the ABX3-type halide perovskite material causes a systematic band gap reduction when more lithium ions are available. More importantly, the hole polaron formation in the Li+/perovskite systems leads to a strong displacement of the lithium ion away from the halide perovskite surface plane, suggesting the light-driven lithium ion tunneling effect and the photo-charging behavior of the 2D halide perovskite, which is a prerequisite for the photo-battery materials. Other secondary battery active species including Na+, K+, Mg+, Ca2+ and Al3+ ions adsorb onto the halide perovskite substrate in a similar way as the Li+ ion does, suggesting the possibility of applying the 2D lead-free halide perovskite materials for more types of secondary batteries. This study facilitates the fundamental understanding of the halide perovskite materials for the energy storage applications, and suggests that the 2D lead-free halide perovskite material is viable for lithium-ion batteries and photo-batteries, pending further improvement in the stability.

Theoretical investigation on lithium battery material with improved light-harvesting performance

Dye-sensitized photo-batteries employ dye molecules to photo-charge lithium-based batteries via utilizing the inexhaustible solar energy. In this manuscript, we reveal the atomistic structures and optoelectronic properties of the representative dye-sensitized photo-battery electrode material based on N719/LiFePO4 via first-principles calculations. Both tridentate and bidentate anchoring modes are available in the hybrid systems stabilized by the O···Li, H···O and S···Li interactions. The lithium ions are displaced from the LiFePO4 surface upon the dye adsorption, which is proposed to benefit the light-driven lithium ion movement in the photo-charging process. The band gap of the LiFePO4-based surface system reduces by 90% upon the dye adsorption, leading to a semi-metallic character that is associated with the decent electric conductivity. The Mulliken and Hirshfeld charges indicate the electron accumulation in the substrate, suggesting the electron flow from the dye to the substrate to stabilize to overall structure. This study facilitates the fundamental understanding on the dye-sensitized lithium battery materials and expects the integration of more dye-sensitized solar cell-active dyes and lithium battery materials for the light-weight photo-rechargeable battery application.

Prediction of solar‐chargeable battery materials: A text‐mining and first‐principles investigation

Photo-rechargeable batteries utilize the solar energy to wirelessly charge the lithium-ion batteries, which are feasible to realize more portable electric vehicles and electronic devices. However, the photo-rechargeable battery materials are scarce and the search for the potential photo-rechargeable battery materials that are capable of simultaneous light-responsiveness and lithium-ion storage is critical. In this manuscript, we employ a novel material discovery process combining the text-mining and first-principles investigation to identify and evaluate the potential photo-battery material candidates via unsupervised learning of the materials science literature. The text-mining process extracts useful information from the literature, detects possible materials reported in the papers that are previously unknown to the photo-rechargeable battery application, and establishes the hidden relationships between the chemical names and their applicability to the photo-rechargeable battery materials. New potential photo-rechargeable battery materials are proposed. The present study highlights the importance of the text-mining method for the energy conversion and storage applications, and provides a rational design strategy to develop novel energy materials.

Electrochemically Induced Crystallite Alignment of Lithium Manganese Oxide to Improve Lithium Insertion Kinetics for Dye-Sensitized Photorechargeable Batteries

The insertion of lithium into lithium manganese oxide spinel (LiMn2O4 (LMO) to Li2Mn2O4 (L2MO)) was used to store light energy as a form of chemical energy in a dye-sensitized photorechargeable bat...

(Invited) Dye-Sensitized Photo Rechargeable Battery for Indoor Applications

Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) have great potentials owing to their aesthetic colors, transparency and low cost. Furthermore, they are favorable for indoor system, because DSSCs have great power conversion efficiency (PCE) at low light. However, there are still several problems in the practical applications. Therefore, our group suggested the new concepts of organic materials and devices for approaching to real application. For this aim, we developed dye-sensitized photo rechargeable solar battery for indoor light saving.Until now, most of single-structured photo-rechargeable devices considered photo-charging process at high light intensity (mainly standard AM 1.5G sunlight). Furthermore, it is very difficult to combine dye-sensitized solar cells with lithium ion battery in a monolithic device because of their intrinsic mismatch energy levels of photo (-0.5 V vs NHE) and storage electrode (-3.0 V vs NHE). We came up with this intrinsic issues by using the overlithiation reaction of LiMn2O4 (ca. 0.0 V vs NHE) for energy storage and finally, achieved self-powered dye-sensitized photo rechargeable battery (DSPB, FTO/TiO2/Dye/Redox mediator/Pt-Li+ conducting separator/Li+ solution/ LixMn2O4) in monolithic devices, and suggested new concepts for energy recycle of indoor lightening. Next, we investigated the light intensity dependence of photo-charged energy density with different redox mediator (or charge regenerator for oxidized dye), such as I−/I3 −, Co2+/3+(bpy)3, Cu+/2+(dmp)2. Finally, the DSSBs were successfully working at low light intensity (11.5% of ηoverall at 0.15 mW cm−2 (500 lux)), operating the commercial IoT wireless sensor node using only indoor light sources.

Theoretical investigation on interactions between lithium ions and two-dimensional halide perovskite for solar-rechargeable batteries

Two-dimensional (2D) halide perovskite materials have recently been proposed for solar energy conversion and energy storage systems, namely, photo-rechargeable batteries. However, the theoretical understanding of the 2D halide perovskite materials for the photo-rechargeable batteries lags behind the experimental advancement. In this manuscript, we investigate the adsorption and transport properties of lithium ions on an experimentally verified 2D halide perovskite material, (C6H9C2H4NH3)2PbI4, via first-principles calculations. Our study reveals the efficient adsorption and transport properties of the lithium ion at the 2D lead halide perovskite surface, and demonstrates the prospects of the metal halide perovskite system as an effective anode material for lithium-ion batteries as well as the photo-charging medium for photo-rechargeable batteries. In addition, the interlayer diffusion of the lithium ions is calculated, which demonstrates the efficient transport of the lithium ions between the 2D halide perovskite layers that contribute to the most of capacity. Most importantly, the displacement of the lithium ion is demonstrated to be available upon the hole polaron formation, which is suggested to signify the photo-charging behaviour initiating the unidirectional lithium ion movement on the electrode surface. The present study for the first time rationalizes the photo-charging behaviour of the photo-rechargeable battery, and facilitates the fundamental understanding on the halide perovskites for the energy storage applications including the lithium-ion batteries and the photo-rechargeable batteries.

Halide Perovskite Materials for Energy Storage Applications

AbstractHalide perovskites, traditionally a solar‐cell material that exhibits superior energy conversion properties, have recently been deployed in energy storage systems such as lithium‐ion batteries and photorechargeable batteries. Here, recent progress in halide perovskite‐based energy storage systems is presented, focusing on halide perovskite lithium‐ion batteries and halide perovskite photorechargeable batteries. Halide‐perovskite‐based supercapacitors and photosupercapacitors are also discussed. The photorechargeable batteries and photorechargeable supercapacitors employ solar energy to photocharge the battery; this saves energy and improves device portability. These lightweight, integrated halide perovskite‐based systems, which are pertinent to electric vehicles and portable electronic devices, are reviewed in detail. Suggestions on future research into the design of halide‐perovskite‐based energy storage materials are also given. This review provides a foundation for the development of integrated lightweight energy conversion and storage materials.

Investigation of germanium selenide electrodes for the integrated photo‐rechargeable battery

Autonomous photo-rechargeable electronic energy storage device has become a new type of solution to the problems of renewable energy fluctuations and storage. The combination of light conversion equipment and energy storage equipment improves the packaging efficiency of the equipment, however how to explore a type of electrode materials for energy collection and storage become a real challenging issue. Here, we try to explore the GeSe nanoparticles as the potential idea electrode for the integrated photo-rechargeable battery. On the one hand, GeSe nanoparticle electrode shows good Li+ storage performances. At the current density of 0.2 A g−1, its reversible capacity is 670 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles. On the other hand, during the photo-voltaic measurement, GeSe electrodes could generate a photocurrent that increases by 8 uA/cm2 under the visible light irradiation in aqueous electrolyte. When LiClO4 in polycarbonate solvent is used as the electrolyte, the electrons move in the reverse direction from the GeSe electrode, form reverse current, reduce Li+ to lithium metal, and finally store light energy into chemical energy in a short time. Considering its presenting behaviors in Li+ storage and photon harvesting, our research proposed the possibility for the application of GeSe materials in the integrated photo-rechargeable batteries.

Indoor-light-energy-harvesting dye-sensitized photo-rechargeable battery

Dye-sensitized photo-rechargeable battery (DSPB) harvests and stores dim light efficiently, realizing indoor-light-harvesting battery to operate IoT devices successfully without sun light.

ZnO Nanowires as a Promotor of High Photoinduced Efficiency and Voltage Gain for Cathode Battery Recharging

In recent years, intensive efforts have been focused on the conversion and storage of solar energy in a single device. In this work, we report the use of ZnO-based electrodes in the form of monolayer or nanowires as a light inducer for battery recharging. Two transition metal complexes of ruthenium(II) and iron(II) are grafted onto the ZnO-based electrode to tune the efficiency of the system. We explore the influence of both the ZnO morphology and nature of the transition metal complex on the light induced voltage and faradaic efficiency toward electrochemical storage. The resulting ZnO-based electrodes have all been found to be electrochemically photoactive and their functionalized ZnO nanowire counterpart has shown the best results. Once the ruthenium complex has been grafted, a high potential gain between dark and illumination conditions of 1.3 V is reached, which is associated with a modest faradaic efficiency of 50%. However, in the presence of the iron complex, a favorable potential gain of 700 mV is obtained and advantageously combined with a faradic efficiency of 100%. These results undoubtedly highlight the remarkable synergy between photoactive ZnO, especially in the form of nanowires, and a redox center allowing it to be applied for a photorechargeable battery device.

Effect of standard light illumination on electrolyte\u2019s stability of lithium-ion batteries based on ethylene and di-methyl carbonates

Combining energy conversion and storage at a device and/or at a molecular level constitutes a new research field raising interest. This work aims at investigating how prolonged standard light exposure (A.M. 1.5G) interacts with conventional batteries electrolyte, commonly used in the photo-assisted or photo-rechargeable batteries, based on 1 mol.L−1 LiPF6 EC/DMC electrolyte. We demonstrate the intrinsic chemical robustness of this class of electrolyte in absence of any photo-electrodes. However, based on different steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopic techniques, it is for the first time highlighted that the solvation of lithium and hexafluorophosphate ions by the carbonates are modified by light exposure leading to absorbance and ionic conductivity modifications without detrimental effects onto the electrochemical properties.

Shedding light on the light-driven lithium ion de-insertion reaction: towards the design of a photo-rechargeable battery

This work constitutes one of the first steps towards the concept of photo-rechargeable Li-ion batteries.

Charge transfer in photorechargeable composite films of TiO2 and polyaniline

A photorechargeable battery (PRB) is a photovoltaic device having an energy storage function in a single cell. The photoactive electrode of PRB is a bilayer film consisting of bare porous TiO2 and a TiO2–polyaniline (PANi) mixture that work as a photovoltaic current generator and an electrochemical energy storage by ion dedoping, respectively. To study the charge transfer between TiO2 and PANi, the photorechargeable quantum efficiency QE ([electron count on discharge]/[incident photon count on photocharge]) was measured by varying the thickness LS of the TiO2–PANi mixture. The quantum efficiency QEuv for UV photons had a maximum of ∼7% at LS ∼ 7 µm. The time constant τTP for the charge transfer was about 10−1 s, which was longer ten times or more than the lifetime of excited electrons within TiO2. These facts reveal that the main rate-limiting factor in the photocharging process is the charge transfer between TiO2 and PANi.

High Rate Charge/Discharge Characteristics in Composite Film of Mesoporous TiO2 and Polyaniline for Photorechargeable Battery

ABSTRACTOne of promising photorechargeable electrode, which has two functions of photovoltaic and electrical energy storage, is a composite film of mesoporous TiO2 and conducting polymer polyaniline. Galvanostatic charge/discharge characteristics of the TiO2-polyaniline composite were examined to reveal how fast the film was charged. The film with a specific capacity 60-120 mAh g–1 was found to be fully charged at high charging rate 20 mA cm–2 which is comparable to high performance solar cells. Such high charging rate was achieved by the compact polyaniline layer covering the large specific surface area of mesoporous TiO2 film.

BODIPY-Sensitized Photocharging of Anthraquinone-Populated Polymer Layers for Organic Photorechargeable Air Battery

Photocharging of anthraquinone (AQ)-populated polymers was accomplished by incorporating chromophores with redox potentials suitable for the 2e− reduction of the AQ pendants near −1 V versus Ag/AgCl in aqueous basic electrolytes. The photoactive polymers were designed to exhibit redox-isolated behaviors and reversible charge–discharge responses, either by employing a polyacetylene main chain with the π–π* absorption bands in a visible region, or with an aliphatic chain incorporating a BODIPY dye in the form of a multilayer. The charge storage density was maximized by minimizing the molecular weight of the compact repeating units, thus reducing the redox site-to-site distance to allow redox gradient-driven electron self-exchange reactions to proceed throughout the slab of the polymer layer. Homogeneous layers of poly(2-ethynylanthraquinone) and poly(2-vinylanthraquinone) were both sufficiently robust for charge storage application, swellable, and yet insoluble in aqueous basic electrolyte solutions. Such properties allowed the accommodation of external cations from the electrolyte to permeate through the layer for electroneutralization of the negative charge produced by the electroreduction, which led to the repeatable charging and discharging cycles of the photoanodes without degradation of the charge storage capabilities. By virtue of the swelling properties of the polymer layers in the basic aqueous electrolyte, exploration of the aqueous electrochemistry and photochemistry of AQ that had been inaccessible by the lack of the solubility in H2O became feasible. A striking feature of the photoanodes was the capability of employing a hydroxide ion (OH−) as the sacrificial reducing agent, which enabled the use of the O2/OH− redox couple for the cathode reaction during discharging. Combination of the photoanodes with the MnO2/carbon composite cathode, sandwiching the electrolyte layer of aqueous KOH, gave rise to photorechargeable battery effect under irradiation and repeatable discharging with the consumption of O2 at the cathode.

Photorechargeable Batteries and Materials

Photorechargeable Batteries and Materials

ローダミンＢ／ＬＢ膜を励起層とした光蓄電池の構築

Photo-rechargeable battery was constituted using the Pori-Pyrrole and Rhodaminine B as a photocatalyst layer and an electronic accumulation material respectively. Accumulation voltage and efficiency were measured with different polymerization voltage of 0.5-3.0[V]. At lower polymerization voltage, higher photo voltaic efficiency was obtained.

Photo-rechargeable battery with TiO 2/carbon fiber electrodes prepared by laser deposition

Photo-rechargeable battery with TiO 2/carbon fiber electrodes prepared by laser deposition

炭素板を電極／蓄電層とした光蓄電池

The photo-rechargeable battery with the carbon plate is an element that photoelectric conversion and charge storage are possible by itself. Therefore the simplification of the battery and storage ability is improved. As a result, it is confirmed that electricity is stored in electrode by carbon plate and optimum polymerization current in the photo catalyst layer. It is confirmed that carbon plate is superior to nesa-glass plate.

オールプラスチック光蓄電池性能の蓄電層依存性

The photo-rechargeable battery is an element that photoelectric conversion and charge storage are possible by itself. The construction of photo-catatytic rechargeble battery was studied, using organic materials. An optimum point of generating efficency was found by changing the polymerization quantity of the storage layer.