Photoluminance Research Articles

Insight into the structure, spectroscopic, Raman, photo luminance and electrical properties Cd substituted Ba–Zn R-type hexaferrites

The impact of cadmium (Cd) substitution on structural, spectral, and dielectric properties of R-type hexagonal ferrites BaZn2-xCdxFe4O11 has been investigated. These were synthesized by auto-combustion sol-gel route. The single phase of R-type hexaferrites confirmed using X-ray diffraction analysis. This spectroscopy predicted the specific absorption bands belonging to hexagonal ferrites. There was a decline in dielectric loss and dielectric constant. This is due to electric polarization and little grain growth. Ac-conductivity shows an increasing behavior with frequency. The value of the slope extracted from the curve of log (ac) and log (ω) was found in the range 0.2–0.8 GHz. The variation in dielectric parameters of all samples with an increment of dopant (cadmium) and frequency suggests that these materials are important in high-frequency applications. Two distinct modes were observed in Raman analysis at 235 cm−1 and 330 cm−1. P.L. spectra explain the mechanism of absorption and emission.

Structural and optical studies of cost-effective ZnO/CCS nanocomposites

Traditionally, candle carbon soot (CCS) considered an undesired cause of air pollution, has been technologically utilized by new advanced techniques. Among carbon family, CCS is an environmentally friendly and cost-effective material. It has potential applications in various research areas such as gas sensors, solar cells and water/oil separation. In the present work, we have synthesized ZnO/CCS nanocomposite by the simple chemical method. This nanocomposite was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis, FE-SEM/EDX, Raman and Photo luminance spectroscopy. It was found that CCS incorporation in ZnO effectively improved their structural, optical and photochemical properties. The incorporation of CCS within the ZnO accounts for the improved light-absorption capacity, extended light-response range and better photocatalytic activity. The reported CCS-ZnO composite has potential application as a photocatalyst.

Reversible photoluminescence shift in imidazolium l-tartrate crystal triggered by acoustic shock waves

Abstract Imidazolium l-tartrate crystal has been grown by employing the slow evaporation technique using de-ionized water as the solvent. An impact study on the exposure of shock pulses on the surface of the material has been carried out and the influence of shock waves on its photo luminance has been investigated. In the present work, in order to carry out the experiment, a shock wave of Mach number 1.5 has been utilized which has been generated by a semi-automated Reddy Tube. Imidazolium tartrate crystal is made into a fine powder and split into four identical parts to be used for further characterization. A series of shock waves such as 25, 50, and 75 are impacted on the respective samples while keeping one of the samples as the control. The powder X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that the observed increase in peak intensity and peak shifting is due to the increase in the number of shock pulses from 25 to 75. FTIR is performed to analyze the presence of functional groups in the material before and after shock exposure. Photoluminescence measurements are also carried out for the pre- and post-shocked samples to determine the nature of optical emission with respect to various shock pulse counts. The above experimental analyzes confirm that the title sample undergoes a reversible photoluminescence shift induced by shock waves.

Impact of Gd-substitution on structural, dielectric, spectroscopic, Raman, and photo luminance properties of Ba0.4Sr0.6Co2Fe16O27 ceramics

This paper represents a detailed study of Gd3+ substitutions on Structural, Dielectric, Spectroscopic, Raman, and Photo luminance Properties of Ba0.4Sr0.6Co2Fe16O27 magnetic oxides were prepared using the sol-gel auto combustion method. All of these specimens were sintered at 1100 °C for 5 h. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) confirmed the single-phase detection and structural analysis. The lattice parameters a and c show the insignificant behavior 5.893–5.933 Å, and 32.049–32.476 Å with the concentration of gadolinium ions. The crystallite size ranged from 25 to 30 nm, demonstrating a growing tendency as Gd-substitution was enhanced. The discrepancy in the ionic radii of iron (Fe3+) and substituent elements (Gd3+) is the cause of the variation in cell volume and lattice constants. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the presence of absorption bands (590 and 3000 cm−1) for prepared BaSr-based W-type hexa-ferrites. The vibrational bands of metal oxide ions are responsible for the 590 and 685 cm−1 peaks. The Raman spectrum showed six discrete, brittle peaks: 320, 440, 620, 690, 1300, and 1600 of synthesized nanomaterials—the dielectric constant and dielectric loss increase by substituting the Gd3+ ion. The dielectric parameters and dielectric loss at higher frequencies suggest that the prepared material may be excellent for switching, sensing, and high-frequency applications.

The influence of Nd3+ doping on the structural, optical, magnetic, and dielectric characteristics of nanoscale hexagonal wurtzite type ZnO

Nd3+ doped ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) Zn1−xNdxO (x = 0, 0.01, 0.03, and 0.05) were successfully synthesized via simple co-precipitation method. To extract precise crystallite size and lattice strain from the X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) pattern, Halder-Wagner method was employed. High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) analysis clearly substantiates the NPs formation.The band gap variation in the doped samples in comparison with the pristine sample is extracted from UV–Vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy. The decrease in Photo-luminance (PL) intensity is observed to be significant for enhanced photocatalytic applications. At room temperature (RT), all Nd3+doped ZnO samples exhibit a distinct hysteretic loop. The initial magnetization graph and M-T curve fitted by the modified Brillouin function and combination of spin wave and Curie-Weiss law respectively. The well-fittings indicate the co-existence of paramagnetic (PM) and ferromagnetic (FM) phases in the doped sample, and the quantitative contribution to each phase is also extracted. Significantly high dielectric constant and low ac conductivity at a low frequency region support the presence of large dipolar effect-induced frequency-dependent short-range conductivity in these pristine and Nd3+ doped ZnO samples.

The bioactive Cathananthus roseus Mediated with urea doped Potassium Hydrogen Phthalate single crystal an effective optical, dielectric, and anticancer activities

Here we report, KHP is a highly versatile inorganic non-linear optical material with a wide range of applications. We describe the growth of Urea doped KHP (potassium hydrogen phthalate) (KUC) by slow evaporation mediated with Cathanranthus roseus extract. The structural, thermal, optical and nonlinear optical properties of the grown crystals were studied using various characterization techniques. It is evident from SXRD analysis that grown crystals crystallise in an orthorhombic crystal system. The FTIR spectrum clearly shows functional groups in the sample and confirms that there are minimal structural distortions due to extracting doping. UV–Visible Spectroscopy examined KUC's optical characteristics. The structural, spectral, and electrical characteristics of the grown crystals were investigated using SEM, Photo luminance, LDT, and dielectric studies. The TG/DTA analysis explained the crystal's good thermal stability. EDAX was used to determine the results of elemental analysis of KUC. Though the crystal has been utilised in several medical applications, the current investigation reveals that the grown crystal possesses anticancer activity and is ideal against breast cancer (MCF-7 cell line).

Zinc phthalocyanine compound-based photo-electric organic shock-proof disposable flexible sensors

This research study introduces a multifunctional photo-electric sensor that utilises a semiconductor composite material and is implemented on a cellulose substrate. The flex electronic devices were manufactured using a rubbing-in technique that does not require energy. The investigation focused on using a compound consisting of zinc phthalocyanine and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as an active layer. However, aluminium top electrodes were utilized for photo-electric characterization, respectively. The surface type symmetry was designed to achieve disposable organic, shock-proof, and vibration-free electronic devices. They are then analyzed and characterized for their morphological and electrical parameters. The material structural analysis was performed with x-ray diffraction of materials, UV–Vis, photo luminance, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and for electrical characterization, the capacitance and impedance at varying ultra-violet (0–1300 W/cm), infrared (0–1580 W/m2), and frequency (0.1–200 kHz) were performed. Each parameter's influence is broken out in detail to illuminate the underlying physics of the results further. The results show that when Infrared intensity rises, impedance falls, whereas UV intensity increases. In the context of capacitance, it is observed that exposure to ultraviolet radiation leads to a decrease or increase in capacitance, while intensification of infrared light also results in a corresponding change in capacitance.Moreover, it can be observed that the sensitivity of electronic equipment exhibits a reduction when the frequency is increased. These devices have a wide range of applications, such as their use in food supply chains to safeguard food from the detrimental impact of high ultraviolet and infrared radiation on public health. They can also be employed in the medical industry for optical physiotherapy treatments and in universities for research purposes in countries that fall below the international poverty line, owing to their cost-effective fabrication technique.

Structural, Raman, Photo luminance, morphological, and magnetic properties of Sr-Ba-Cu–Zn W-type hexaferrites

Structural, Raman, Photo luminance, morphological, and magnetic properties of Sr-Ba-Cu–Zn W-type hexaferrites

Construction of novel an in-situ m-BiVO4/t-BiVO4 isotype heterojunction photocatalyst for improved visible light-dependent degradation of dye

In this article, we have studied the photocatalytic characteristics of isotype heterostructure Bismuth vanadate BiVO4 (m-BiVO4/t-BiVO4). The isotype Bismuth vanadate m-BiVO4/t-BiVO4 (MTBV) was formed by a facile hydrothermal method. It was observed that the crystalline phase of isotype MTBV could be controlled by modifying the pH values of the precursors in the hydrothermal method. The isotype MTBV heterojunction was investigated for its physicochemical features by different techniques including X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Energy dispersive microscopy (EDS), Fourier transfer infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV–Vis DRS), Photoluminance (PL), and Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Photocatalytic degradation of Congo red (CR) dye under visible light irradiation was used to determine the photocatalytic activity of a well-developed MTBV heterostructure. The isotype MTBV phase resulted in an increased response due to a faster electron-hole pair formation rate by reducing charge recombination processes, a reduction in optical energy band gap (2.52 eV), and good compatibility between Preston t-BiVO4 and m-BiVO4 photocatalyst. In 1 hr, the optimized isotype MTBV heterojunction showed a CR degradation of 98%. According to the results of the PL, EIS, and UV–Vis studies, isotype MTBV might be an excellent option for a blue/green visible light-dependent optical photocatalyst. A feasible photocatalytic mechanism was suggested and discussed in particular to relate the physiochemical properties and photocatalytic properties; furthermore, kinetics decomposition process study, scavenger effect, dye concentration, catalyst dose effect, reusability and stability were checked, respectively.

Production of an environmental friendly ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel under the effect of visible light irradiation using new nanocomposite based on BiFeO3/ BiOCl

The excessive use of fossil fuels raises SOX emissions, resulting in numerous negative consequences for the environment. Several technologies have been currently in use for the removal of sulfur compounds from diesel fuel feedstock. Among those, photocatalysis can be counted as one of the most promising routes for producing green diesel fuels. Nevertheless, introducing new structures for use as efficient photocatalysts is usually demanded. Thus, this research article presents BiFeO3/BiOCl nanocomposite as a novel photocatalyst with an improved electron–hole separation property for desulfurization under visible light. The structural characteristics of the prepared composite were verified through X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and energetic dispersive X-ray (EDX). Surface properties of the synthesized nanocomposite were determined by BET nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm. The illustrated composite's surface and bulk morphologies were also gained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. UV–vis diffuse reflectance and photo-luminance (PL) were used to describe the optical features of a Bi-based photocatalyst. The prepared photocatalyst could show encouraging results in achieving a sulfur removal of 98.90% using a diesel feedstock has a sulfur content of 500 ppm. This desulfurization percentage was obtained through photo-oxidative route using hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant followed by a solvent extraction step using acetonitrile.

Controlled Growth of a Highly Energetic, Less Electron-Dense Tetrahedral Fe3+ Phase on the Surface of α-Fe2O3 Nanoparticles toward Enhanced Optical, Magnetic, and Supercapacitive Performance

Nanoplate to pseudocubic-shaped hematite (α-Fe2O3) nanoparticles along with the gradual engravement of tetrahedral Fe3+ has been synthesized by controlling the precursor (FeCl3 ·6H2O) concentration from 0.005 M (A1) to 0.2 M (A4). The role of the surfactant polyvinylpyrrolidone on the preferential plane ([110] to [012]) growth and highly energetic tetrahedral Fe3+ phase (increases 2.7 times for A4 than A1) nucleation over the hematite surface has been elucidated from the HRTEM images, XPS, and Raman spectroscopy. This tetrahedral phase and the morphology variation facilitate the Fe–Fe interaction significantly, which improves the saturation magnetization from 0.13 emu/g (A1) to 0.37 emu/g (A4). Stronger magnetic d–d coupling in the A4 sample promotes dominant photoluminance (PL) spectra. It also exhibits linear dependence with the excitation wavelength (300–380 nm) that can be exploited in the design of a UV detector. The supercapacitive performance of ethylene glycol supported PEDOT-PSS-α-Fe2O3 composite films as negative electrode materials, in the voltage window of −1.3 to −0.5 V, suggests this material to be a promising candidate for the next-generation charge storage devices. The sample engraved with the richest Fe3+ ions shows the highest specific capacitance of 705.7 F/g in 2 M SO32– electrolytes, and its cyclic stability increases to 111% over 1500 cycles.

Effects of gamma radiation on structural, optical, and electrical properties of SnO2 thin films

Gamma irradiation at specific doses controls the material properties of thin films because of its high-ionization energy and high penetrating power. In the present work, the effects of gamma irradiation (γ-rays) on the structural, morphological, electrical, and optical properties of pulsed laser-deposited SnO2 thin films were examined. These films were exposed to γ-rays for doses of 0, 75, 100, 125, and 200 kGy. X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that the films are polycrystalline with a crystallite size of 49.27 nm and it increases with the gamma doses. While the dislocation density and the microstrain decrease, the band gap reduces from 3.8 eV to 3.4 eV with the increase in doses. Raman spectra show the presence of defects caused by gamma irradiation and the photo luminance spectra demonstrate a decrease in the peak intensities for thin films. The blue emission at 437 nm, is associated with oxygen-related defects produced during the phase formation. The Hall measurements confirm that these films are of n-type semiconductors. The I–V characteristics show a rise in conductivity linearly up to 125 kGy and a reduction at 200 kGy due to oxygen vacancies created at the higher gamma doses. The electrical conductivity of all the films increases as a function of temperature, and gamma doses as evident from the rectification behavior. This study infers that gamma rays can modify the material properties hence these films are useful as an electrode for sensing and radiation detection.

Fabrication and characterization of ultra-thin ZnO based bottom gate thin film transistor for UV detection

An RF sputtered ZnO thin film was utilized in a thin film transistor (TFT) fabrication. The film was fabricated on SiO2 gate oxide that was thermally grown on Si Substrate. Few lithography steps were used to fabricate the device and device structure was proved to be a bottom gate TFT. The grown film was ultra thin of 25 nm thickness and the Si wafer was n-type. The structural and optical properties of ZnO films were investigated by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Photo luminance (PL) spectroscopy. The photo luminance study confirmed a high-quality absorbance in UV spectra and relatively good transmittance in the visible region. The electrical performance of the transistor was studied using Proxima B1500 and the on/off current ratio was measured to be ∼107. The ZnO bottom gate TFT is simulated using the commercial TCAD tool Silvaco ATLAS™. Later the simulated I–V characteristic of the device is compared with the experimental one and both are in fairly good agreement. Further the UV detection capability of the fabricated device was studied by using UV LED light of 365 nm wavelength. The measured value of threshold voltage was found to be 9V under dark light and 10V under UV light.

A magnetically separable clinoptilolite supported CdS-PbS photocatalyst: Characterization and photocatalytic activity toward cefotaxime

The photocatalytic performance of CdS-PbS immobilized on a magnetized natural clinoptilolite (MCNP) surface was evaluated for cefotaxime (CT) degrading. The synthesized photocatalyst was characterized by FT-IR, VSM, XRD, N2 adsorption-desorption, SEM-EDX, photo luminance analysis (PL), and UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) techniques. pHpzc of the catalyst was also estimated at 7.4. The effects of different experimental variables of pH, catalyst dose, CT concentration, and hybrid CdS-PbS loading were investigated to optimize the photodegradation performance. The performance of the photocatalyst in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, iso-propanol, oxalate, and bicarbonate anions was evaluated. The results confirmed the critical role of the photoinduced holes in the photodegradation mechanism. The best pathway to describe the photodegradation mechanism was the direct Z-scheme mechanism.

Elucidation of inter/intra molecular H-bonding mediated charge transportation mechanism in water swelled, hydrophilic organic PVA-Co3O4 nanocomposite films

In this article, we have explored the water molecules mediated charge transportation kinetics in Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-Cobalt Oxide (Co3O4) flexible nanocomposite films that rely heavily on the comprehension of surface and interface chemistry. Understanding the chemical interactions at the aqueous hydrophilic PVA-Co3O4 interface is essential in recognising the H-bonding revolution for complex nanocomposite films. The amount of water intake with time evolution has been monitored by the contact angle and wettability measurements. The chemical interactions and the revolution of the weak dangling bonds have been studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman and photoluminance (PL) spectra of the water-swollen hydrophilic PVA-Co3O4 nanocomposite films. The dissociation of water molecules following the fragmentation of inter/intra-molecular dangling bonds is correlated with the water diffusion kinetics and saturation in the sorption capacity of water-swollen PVA-Co3O4 nanocomposite films. The trap-states development due to the interfacial charge accumulation, after absorption of water molecules, are favourable for the trap-assisted space charge limited current conduction (TA-SCLC) mechanism and increase current density ∼ 102 times as compared to the dehydrated nanocomposite films. Meticulous tuning of the strong interfacial interactions and the manifestations of fragmented H+ ions have been identified as the primary craftsman for enhancing the dielectric constant up to eight times in the presence of 30 μL deionized water. Due to the disintegration of the free water molecules at the measurement voltage, the ac conductivity (charge transport) changes from the Jonscher's power law type variation to the jump relaxation model (JRM). The origin and accumulation of H+ ions at the grain boundary interfaces have been analyzed with impedance spectroscopic (IS) studies. An electrical equivalent circuit model is proposed for the water-mediated charge transport mechanism in swelled, hydrophilic, organic nanocomposite films.

Milk-Derived Carbon Quantum Dots: Study of Biological and Chemical Properties Provides Evidence of Toxicity.

Carbon dots (CDs) are carbon-based zero-dimensional nanomaterials that can be prepared from a number of organic precursors. In this research, they are prepared using fat-free UHT cow milk through the hydrothermal method. FTIR analysis shows C=O and C-H bond presence, as well as nitrogen-based bond like C-N, C=N and -NH2 presence in CDs, while the absorption spectra show the absorption band at 280 ± 3 nm. Next, the Biuret test was performed, with the results showing no presence of unreacted proteins in CDs. It can be said that all proteins are converted in CDs. Photo luminance spectra shows the emission of CDs is 420 nm and a toxicity study of CDs was performed. The Presto Blue method was used to test the toxicity of CDs for murine hippocampal cells. CDs at a concentration of 4 mg/mL were hazardous independent of synthesis time, while the toxicity was higher for lower synthesis times of 1 and 2 h. When the concentration is reduced in 1 and 2 h synthesized CDs, the cytotoxic effect also decreases significantly, ensuring a survival rate of 60-80%. However, when the synthesis time of CDs is increased, the cytotoxic effect decreases to a lesser extent. The CDs with the highest synthesis time of 8 h do not show a cytotoxic effect above 60%. The cytotoxicity study shows that CDs may have a concentration and time-dependent cytotoxic effect, reducing the number of viable cells by 40%.

Synthesis and Biomedical Applications of Zirconium Nanoparticles: Advanced Leaps and Bounds in the Recent Past.

Many synthetic routes manufacture zirconium nanoparticles in metal oxide, nitride, and other combination forms. Coupled with other variables such as concentration, pH, and form of precursor used, the various synthetic methods support synthesizing the zirconium metal oxide nanoparticles with changed features. Various synthetic methods were studied, such as sol-gel, hydrothermal, laser ablation, and precipitation. All have different synthetic routes, different precursors and solvents were sued, and the product was characterized by SEM, TEM, photo luminance spectroscopy, UV-absorption spectroscopy, and powder X-ray diffraction. X-ray diffraction determined the crystal structure by identifying the crystal shape, arrangement of atoms, and spacing between them. SEM and TEM studied the particle size and morphology of nanoparticles. UV-visible absorption spectroscopy and PL spectroscopy were used for the determination of optical properties of nanoparticles. Zirconium oxide nanoparticles have many applications in the medical field. The review study primarily focuses on the efficient combination of zirconium dioxide with other additive materials and functionalization techniques used to improve the material's properties, assisting the use of the material in hip arthroplasty and bone tissue applications. The development of sophisticated near-infrared (NIR) absorbing small molecules for useful phototheranostic applications was discussed in this paper.

Cysteamine-Gold Coated Carboxylated Fluorescent Nanoparticle Mediated Point-of-Care Dual-Modality Detection of the H5N1 Pathogenic Virus

Globally, point-of-care testing (POCT) is the most preferable on-site technique for disease detection and includes a rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and fluorescent immunochromatographic strip test (FICT). The testing kits are generally insufficient in terms of signal enhancement, which is a major drawback of this approach. Sensitive and timely on-site POCT methods with high signal enhancement are therefore essential for the accurate diagnosis of infectious diseases. Herein, we prepare cysteamine-gold coated carboxylated europium chelated nanoparticle (Cys Au-EuNPs)-mediated POCT for the detection of the H5N1 avian influenza virus (AIV). Commercial nanoparticles were used for comparison. The spectral characteristics, surface morphologies, functional groups, surface charge and stability of the Cys AuNPs, EuNPs, and Cys Au-EuNPs were confirmed by UV-visible spectrophotometry, fluorescence spectrometry, transmission electron microscope with Selected area electron diffraction (TEM-SAED), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and zeta potential analysis. The particle size distribution revealed an average size of ~130 ± 0.66 nm for the Cys Au-EuNPs. The Cys Au-EuNP-mediated RDT (colorimetric analysis) and FICT kit revealed a limit of detection (LOD) of 10 HAU/mL and 2.5 HAU/mL, respectively, for H5N1 under different titer conditions. The obtained LOD is eight-fold that of commercial nanoparticle conjugates. The photo luminance (PL) stability of ~3% the Cys Au-EuNPs conjugates that was obtained under UV light irradiation differs considerably from that of the commercial nanoparticle conjugates. Overall, the developed Cys Au-EuNPs-mediated dual-mode POCT kit can be used as an effective nanocomposite for the development of on-site monitoring systems for infectious disease surveillance.

Synthesis of Sn and Zr‐Doped BiVO4 Nanocatalyst with Enhanced Photocatalytic and Photoelectrochemical Activity

AbstractHerein, a facile microwave route to synthesized of Tin (Sn) and Zirconium (Zr) doped BiVO4 with enhanced photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical performance are demonstrated. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) studies confirmed the monoclinic‐tetragonal structure of metal doped BiVO4. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE‐SEM) images confirmed the sphere like morphology while bare is in floral structure. The Raman (RS) and Fourier Transform Infra‐Red (FT‐IR) Spectroscopy indicate the functional group of composition. Photoluminance (PL) spectroscopy revealed that the doped BiVO4 showed better excitation then the bare BiVO4. The UV‐Visible diffused reflectance (UV‐vis‐DRS) spectroscopy exposed improved visible light driven by narrow band gap of metal doped BiVO4. Further Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Linear Sweep voltammetry characterization (LSV) report that the metal doped BiVO4 established better photoelectrochemical activity in water splitting. The impact of metal doping in the crystallinity, optical properties, electrical properties and photocatalytic activity were evaluated using model pollutant of azo dyes and gaseous acetaldehyde under visible light irradiation. The Zr doped BiVO4 exhibit better performance for degradation of dyes, acetaldehyde decomposition and water splitting properties then the Sn doped BiVO4 and bare BiVO4. This work founds that the metal doping with semiconductor is effective in creating heterostructured nanomaterials, which result in reduce the recombination processes, leading to improved photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical performance.

Comprehensive study to ascertain the effect of MnO2 loading on supercapacitive properties of conducting polymers

This study reports the electrochemical properties of Manganese dioxide (MnO2) with four types of conducting polymers such as polyaniline (PANi), polythiophene (PTh), polypyyrole, and polyindole (PIn) by preparing their composites. All four conducting polymers were prepared by chemical oxidative polymerization approach. The prepared composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, ultra–violate visible (UV–VIS) spectroscopy, and photoluminance (PL). Similarly, the supercapacitive properties such, cyclic voltammetry (CV) curve, capacitance retention and cycle stability of composite materials were investigated. The highest value of specific capacitance was obtained for MnO2-PANi (Mn-PANi) composite, which was found to be 633.75 Fg−1.