Phosphorus Mineral Fertilizer Research Articles

ВЛИЯНИЕ МИНЕРАЛЬНЫХ УДОБРЕНИЙ НА СИМБИОТИЧЕСКУЮ АКТИВНОСТЬ ПОСЕВОВ СОИ

The purpose of research is to establish the dependence of the applied doses of mineral fertilizers on the symbiotic activity of soybean crops in the foothill zone of the Republic of North Ossetia – Alania. Objectives: to establish optimal doses of mineral fertilizers that have a positive effect on the symbiotic activity of soybean crops. Field experiments were carried out in the forest-steppe zone of the Republic of North Ossetia – Alania, on lands belonging to the North Caucasus Research Institute of Mountain Foothill Agriculture of the All-Russian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The soils of this zone are represented by leached chernozems; the mechanical composition of the upper horizons of the soils under consideration is heavy loamy, silty-dusty. With depth in the profile it becomes lighter and becomes medium loamy. Chernozems leached on pebbles have a good water-resistant structure. The gross humus content is in the range of 1.56–6.30 % depending on the soil section, pH – 5.1–5.7, deeper alkaline. The objects of the study are soybean varieties Iriston and Vita. Iriston is a variety selected by IrAgro LLC, Vita is a variety selected by V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil crops. The use of various doses of fertilezers increased the number and weight of nodules; with the use of phosphorus-mineral fertilizers, better development of the symbiotic apparatus was observed. The average ASP for the studied years for the soybean variety Iriston in the control variant was 5 425 units, and with the application of phosphorus mine¬ral fertilizers (P60) it was within 11 890 units.For the Vita variety, similar indicators developed and amounted to 3 800 in the control, with the application of P60 – 7 816 units, 4 016 units more. Nitrogen consumption under control for the Iriston variety was 92.5 kg/ha, with the use of phosphorus fertile¬zer (P60) – 131.3 kg/ha. Biological productivity also increased with the use of phosphorus fertilizers for the Iriston variety by 0.57 t/ha, and for the Vita soybean variety – by 0.54 t/ha.

Systematization of factors of strategic development of logistics complexes of mining and chemical enterprises

The article presents a complex set of tools for evaluation and strategic development of logistics complexes of mining and chemical enterprises, created on the basis of the author’s systematization of external and internal factors. Currently, in terms of global turbulence and destabilization of both external and internal environments, it is essential to establish new approaches, requirements and methodological tools for reconstruction and development of the Russian economic model with the efficiency of logistics complexes of industrial enterprises as one of the main effectiveness criteria. Due to the fact that Russia’s economy is closely connected with the production of raw materials it is worth selecting export- oriented mining and chemical enterprises whose export and logistics activity in 2022 faced with the restrictions that arose as a result of the sanctions imposed. The article studies the specific features of development of the Russian logistics complexes of mining and chemical enterprises in the present terms of the economics’ functioning. The author defines the role of the Russian mining and chemical production in the world market by the level of the volume of products manufactured including potash, nitrogen and phosphorus mineral fertilizers. The study confirms the export-oriented and strategic importance of logistics complexes of Russian mining and chemical enterprises. It justifies the necessity and topicality of creating new methodological tools of development of logistics complexes of mining enterprises. The author introduces systematization of external and internal factors of influence on the development of mining and chemical enterprises. The process of the study involved practice-oriented set of tools of strategic analysis (OTSW-analysis) developed by Professor V.L. Kvint. The author suggests the algorithm of justification of the requirements to choosing the direction for strategic development of logistics complexes of mining and chemical enterprises.

Assessment of Phosphogypsum on the Territory of JSC Gomel Chemical Plant and its Processing Technology

JSC Gomel Chemical Plant is processing the apatite ore by the sulfuric acid extraction in order to obtain phosphorus mineral fertilizers. The plant operation is accompanied with formation and accumulation of the largevolume dumps of phosphogypsum on the enterprise's territory. Using the software product Google Earth Pro 7.3.3.7786, an assessment of the areal distribution and height of large-tonnage phosphogypsum dumps located in the territory of the enterprise's influence was made. The results of phosphogypsum laboratory study were considered. Based on data analysis, proposals for the use of phosphogypsum in various industries have been worked out, and the production of phosphogypsum stone was indicated as the most promising.

Industrial and environmental safety in the extractive natural resource management for the needs of agriculture

The development of agriculture, primarily crop production, is determined by the availability of the necessary amount of phosphorus-containing fertilizers. In order to meet the needs of agriculture in phosphorus mineral fertilizers, extractive nature management is carried out in a number of regions of the world through the extraction and processing of apatite and phosphorite ores. At the same time, it is important to ensure the minimum permissible impact on the environment and natural water systems. For these purposes, methodological approaches are proposed, through which it is possible to monitor the state of objects and processes of mining production and take timely measures to ensure industrial and environmental safety. The author proposes a structure for complex research and monitoring of objects and processes in extractive nature management, based on the integration of interdisciplinary research related to the earth’s surface.

Filtration and operational parameters determination of phosphogypsum sludge storage

In phosphorus mineral fertilizer production, industrial waste is formed – phosphogypsum. As is well known, the issues of processing and utilization of phosphogypsum in an industrial scale remain unresolved. Consequently, the production waste generated at chemical plants is stored in various types of storage tanks. The currently used hydraulic storage method provides for the waste supply in the form of a slurry to the hydraulic dump plots one by one, their successive dehydration in the dump and the subsequent development of a part of the stored waste for the construction of the secondary dams. However, due to the low water-draining properties of phosphogypsum, it is not possible to ensure its dehydration to the required extent, in large volumes, and at the required time. This pattern is observed almost everywhere, especially in areas with high climate humidity. This circumstance significantly complicates the development of phosphogypsum in hydraulic dumps and in most cases leads to the impossibility of its implementation. Therefore, various designs of anti-filtration and drainage devices are provided in the sludge collectors to accelerate the process of dehydration of the phosphogypsum strata. This paper presents the results of a study of filtration processes in sludge collectors, and a method for calculating the filtration and dehydration of phosphogypsum at the initial stage of sludge collector operation with various designs of antifiltration and drainage devices.

Methods for calculating the balance during the period of draw-off, drainage of sludge collector cells and construction of secondary embankment dams

An industrial waste-phosphogypsum-is formed in the production of phosphorus mineral fertilizers. As is well-known, the issues of processing and utilization of phosphogypsum on an industrial scale remain unsolved. Consequently, production waste generated at chemical plants is stored in various types of storage tanks. The currently used hydraulic storage method provides for the supply of waste in the form of a slurry into the hydraulic dump cells, their sequential dehydration in the dump, and the subsequent development of a part of the stored waste for the construction of secondary dams. However, due to the low water-release properties of phosphogypsum, it is impossible to ensure its dehydration to the required degree, in large volumes, and the required period. Therefore, various designs of watertight diaphragms and drainage devices are provided in the sludge collector to accelerate the process of dehydration of the phosphogypsum strata. The balance of the sludge collector should be assessed in two periods: the initial period when the sludge collector cells are filled, bounded by the primary dam, and the subsequent period when the reservoir is built up by erecting secondary dams from the stored material. In the initial period, the operating mode of the sludge collector is divided into two stages: in the first stage, a pond is formed above the layer of sludge with a certain predetermined depth; in the second stage, this depth of water in the pond is kept constant by the spillways. The second build-up period is preceded by a period of cell preparation, namely: the draw-off of the pond and drainage of the cell to a moisture content suitable for the dam filling and normal operation of the mechanisms used in the construction of dams. This article presents the results of filtration studies in sludge collectors with an impermeable screen (made of polymer film, asphalt-polymer concrete, etc.) above the screen drainage system. The calculating methods for the determination of filtration parameters in the second period of operation are described: when the pulp supply stops, and a pond of clarified water with a depth of H0 is drawn off.

Effects of Lime on Phosphorus Availability and Nutrient Uptake of Hybrid Coffee (<i>Coffea arabica</i> L.) Seedlings Under Acidic Nursery Soil

Coffee (<i>Coffea arabica </i>L.) is one of the major cash crops which were widely grown in west, south and south west parts of Ethiopia. There is wider genetic diversity in the country but the average clean coffee production is very low 0.7 ton/ha compared with other coffee producing countries. The low production was arises from erroneous management of the plant during the initial stage of establishment by using of improper nursery growing media and other field managements. The research was conducted at Jimma Agricultural Research Center nursery site in lata house to evaluate the effects of lime on the availability of phosphorus fertilizer and nutrient uptakes of coffee seedlings. The treatments consists five lime rates (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 g) 2.5 kg^-1 and four phosphorus mineral fertilizer rates (0, 400, 600 and 800 mg) 2.5 kg^-1 of soil. The experiment was arranged in factorial randomized complete block design with three replications. Soil samples were taken before planting and after harvesting. Representative leaf samples were taken and both soil and leaf samples were analyzed. The result reviled that applications of 10g lime and 800 mg P rates improves the soil parameters and nutrient uptake of coffee seedlings under nursery conditions.

The Status of Soil Microbiome as Affected by the Application of Phosphorus Biofertilizer: Fertilizer Enriched with Beneficial Bacterial Strains.

Regarding the unfavourable changes in agroecosystems resulting from the excessive application of mineral fertilizers, biopreparations containing live microorganisms are gaining increasing attention. We assumed that the application of phosphorus mineral fertilizer enriched with strains of beneficial microorganisms contribute to favourable changes in enzymatic activity and in the genetic and functional diversity of microbial populations inhabiting degraded soils. Therefore, in field experiments conditions, the effects of phosphorus fertilizer enriched with bacterial strains on the status of soil microbiome in two chemically degraded soil types (Brunic Arenosol—BA and Abruptic Luvisol—AL) were investigated. The field experiments included treatments with an optimal dose of phosphorus fertilizer (without microorganisms—FC), optimal dose of phosphorus fertilizer enriched with microorganisms including Paenibacillus polymyxa strain CHT114AB, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain AF75BB and Bacillus sp. strain CZP4/4 (FA100) and a dose of phosphorus fertilizer reduced by 40% and enriched with the above-mentioned bacteria (FA60). The analyzes performed included: the determination of the activity of the soil enzymes (protease, urease, acid phosphomonoesterase, β-glucosidase), the assessment of the functional diversity of microorganisms with the application of BIOLOGTM plates and the characterization of the genetic diversity of bacteria, archaea and fungi with multiplex terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and next generation sequencing. The obtained results indicated that the application of phosphorus fertilizer enriched with microorganisms improved enzymatic activity, and the genetic and functional diversity of the soil microbial communities, however these effects were dependent on the soil type.

Recovery of phosphates(V) from wastewaters of different chemical composition

AbstractPhosphate(V) ions were recovered from wastewaters of different chemical compositions in a continuous reaction crystallization of struvite. Two real wastewaters were represented by an effluent sample from the phosphorus mineral fertilizer industry and by liquid manure derived from a cattle-breeding farm. Two other wastewaters were prepared under laboratory conditions. Impurities present in the wastewaters caused the precipitation of solid products of distinctly different quality. The mean size of struvite crystals varied from ca. 18 to ca. 40 μm. Homogeneity within their populations, quantified by the coefficient of variation CV, varied from satisfactory (CV ca. 75%) to unfavorable (CV ca. 100%), which resulted in the elongation of necessary filtration time. Calcium ions in wastewater precipitated as amorphous hydrated calcium phosphates ACP. Their content in the products varied from 33.4 up to 73.1 mass %. Also 28.32 – 32.74 mass % of P2O5, 6.35 – 14.12 mass % of MgO and 4.35 – 16.94 mass % of CaO were confirmed in the products, together with hydroxides of some metals and salts of other impurities. Based on the chemical composition of the products derived from the investigated wastewaters, their application in agriculture as valuable mineral fertilizers is recommended.

Recovery of Struvite from Phosphorus Mineral Fertilizer Industry Wastewater in Continuous Jet Pump Crystallizer

Recovery of Struvite from Phosphorus Mineral Fertilizer Industry Wastewater in Continuous Jet Pump Crystallizer

Development of ecologically safe technology of recycling of industrial waste in the production of modified non-autoclave aerated concrete

The results of environmental monitoring for environmental security within the framework of territorial administration of the Central Federal district of the Russian Federation showed the necessity of developing a new ecological mechanism for rational control of the process of recycling of technogenic wastes. It is established that at increase of industrial production and the growth and accumulation of industrial waste and increases the negative impact on the environment. Determined that the production of phosphorus mineral fertilizers in Russia as a whole is formed 25 million tons per year of phosphogypsum, and utilized only a tenth. In Russia on distilleries waste DDGS is 9-14 million tons per year, not utilized – about 1 million tons. In Russia milk manufacture gives rise to waste of whey in an amount of about 6 million tons per year. Warehousing, industrial waste dumps occupy thousands of hectares. They are washed into sewers, groundwater, reservoirs, result in the earth, causing serious ecological damage to the environment. This requires the disposal of such waste. The most promising method of disposal is considered as the placement of industrial waste in the production of construction materials, particularly aerated concrete products.

Phosphates (V) recovery from phosphorus mineral fertilizers industry wastewater by continuous struvite reaction crystallization process

Continuous DT MSMPR (Draft Tube Mixed Suspension Mixed Product Removal) crystallizer was provided with typical wastewater from phosphorus mineral fertilizers industry (pH < 4, 0.445 mass % of PO43−, inorganic impurities presence), dissolved substrates (magnesium and ammonium chlorides) and solution alkalising the environment of struvite MgNH4PO4·6H2O reaction crystallization process. Research ran in constant temperature 298 K assuming stoichiometric proportions of substrates or 20% excess of magnesium ions. Influence of pH (8.5–10) and mean residence time (900–3600 s) on product size distribution, its chemical composition, crystals shape, size–homogeneity and process kinetics was identified. Crystals of mean size ca. 25–37 μm and homogeneity CV 70–83% were produced. The largest crystals, of acceptable homogeneity, were produced using 20% excess of magnesium ions, pH 9 and mean residence time 3600 s. Under these conditions nucleation rate did not exceed 9 × 107 1/(s m3) according to SIG (Size Independent Growth) MSMPR kinetic model. Linear crystal growth rate was 4.27 × 10−9 m/s. Excess of magnesium ions influenced struvite reaction crystallization process yield advantageously. Concentration of phosphate(V) ions decreased from 0.445 to 9.2 × 10−4 mass %. This can be regarded as a very good process result. In product crystals, besides main component – struvite, all impurities from wastewater were detected analytically.

Separation of Struvite from Mineral Fertilizer Industry Wastewater

The research results of struvite reaction crystallization process from the phosphorus mineral fertilizers industry wastewater, carried out in DTM type continuous crystallizers with internal circulation of suspension driven by jet pump device fed with mother solution, are presented. The wastewater of pH < 4, contained 0.445 mass % of phosphate(V) ions and typical impurities: aluminium, calcium, copper, iron, potassium, magnesium, titanium, zinc, fluosilicate, fluoride and sulphate(VI) ions. Tests ran in three continuous jet pump DTM crystallizers of increasing working volumes: 1.2, 15 and 36 dm3, in temperature 298 K, assuming both stoichiometric conditions and 20% excess of magnesium ions in relation to phosphate(V) and ammonium ion contents. Influence of technological control parameters (pH, τ) on product crystal size distributions (CSDs) and crystals/mother liquor chemical composition were identified. Crystals of low size-homogeneity (coefficient of variation CV ca. 90%) which mean size varied from ca. 9 to ca. 33 μm were identified. Struvite crystals of the largest sizes were produced in a DTM crystallizer of working volume 36 dm3 at 20% excess of magnesium ions, at pH 9 and for elongated mean residence time 7200 s. Excess of magnesium ions in a process system influenced the struvite reaction crystallization process yield definitely advantageously. Concentration of phosphate(V) ions decreased from 0.445 mass % in a feed to 1.810–3 mass % in a postprocessed mother solution, what can be regarded as a very good result of their removal process. In product crystals, besides main component – struvite, also all impurities originally present in wastewater appeared in a form of hydroxides, phosphates and other salts. Aluminium, copper, iron and zinc ions were the subject of practically total co- precipitation with struvite.

Effect of mineral fertilizers with different sulphur content on the yield of winter wheat in a small plot experiment

We can find more and more references on the importance of sulphur and sulphur fertilization, mainly in the case of most important field crops, as cereals, maize, and the oilseeds. The traditional sulphur sources continuously lost their importance by the stringent air pollution orders and nowadays they are not able to meet the demands of plants. Besides, the application of superphosphate, as phosphorus mineral fertilizer, decreased in several countries. Sulphur fertilization is required in most cases to reach the required yields and quality parameters. The lack ofsulphur causes decreased nitrogen utilization and yield by cereals as winter wheat, moreover, results less favourable baking parameters.We have examined the N and S content of different parts of winter wheat plants in a small plot experiment at the University of Debrecen, Centre of Agricultural Sciences, Látókép Experimental Station. We have also studied the effect of different sulphur fertilization forms and doses on the baking quality parameters and yield. Our aim was to contribute to the development of yield and quality improving sulphur fertilization methods, adaptable by practice.We have measured the lowest yield in the case of one of the control plots, and 100 kg/ha nitrogen, 80 kg/ha potassium and 70 kg/ha phosphorus nutrient supply resulted the lowest yield (8.7 kg/plot). The maximum yield, 10.2 kg/plot was also experienced on superphosphate fertilized plot by the application of 140 kg/ha phosphorus dose. Application the first dose of both Biofert and FitoHorm 32 S leaf fertilizers raised the yield from9.1 to 9.9 kg/plot. ANOVA proved that Biofert and FitoHorm 32 S had no significant effect on the amount of yield, the increase is only a tendency.

Aproveitamento de nitrogênio pelo milho, em razão da adubação verde, nitrogenada e fosfatada

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o aproveitamento, pelo milho (Zea mays L.), do nitrogênio (N) proveniente da ureia, de restos culturais da crotalária (Crotalaria juncea) e do milheto (Pennisetum glaucum), e do solo, em função da adubação nitrogenada e fosfatada. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, em vasos com 5 kg de solo (Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico). Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com 32 tratamentos e 4 repetições, dispostos em esquema fatorial 4x4x2. Os tratamentos consistiram da combinação de quatro doses de N, na forma de ureia - 0, 0,75, 1,50 e 2,25g por vaso (com ou sem marcação com 15N); quatro doses de P, na forma de superfosfato triplo - 0, 0,175, 0,350 e 0,700g por vaso; e dois tipos de adubo verde, com ou sem marcação com 15N - crotalária e milheto, com adição de matéria seca equivalente a 1 g de N por vaso. Foram avaliados a produtividade de matéria seca, a quantidade de N acumulado e o aproveitamento do N pelo milho. O fertilizante mineral forneceu a maior parte do N acumulado nas plantas de milho, seguido pelo N do solo e de adubos verdes. O aproveitamento do N proveniente da crotalária, pelo milho, foi maior que o do N do milheto. A aplicação de fósforo aumentou a assimilação do N proveniente da ureia e de adubos verdes.

INFLUENCE OF PLANTS MINERAL NUTRITION ON PROTEIN CONTENT IN SOYBEAN SEEDS

The effect of prolonged use of mineral fertilizers on the supply of plants with nutrients and protein content in soybean seeds, on seasonally permafrost soils of the Amur Region was studied. The studies were carried out in a long stationary experiment of five-field crop rotation with 40% saturation of soybeans and 60% with cereals (oats and wheat).It was found that, on average, for five years, the introduction of N30P60 before sowing as a result of prolonged use of the organo-mineral fertilizer system led to an increase in protein content in soybean seeds by 0.4% relative to this parameter in control, without fertilizer. A substantially close correlation was found between the protein content in soybean seeds and the amount of precipitation and Selianinov’s Hydrothermal coefficient of moisture during the stages of bean formation - full seed (R = 0.841 - 0.928, with Rcrit. = 0.754).In this regard, to increase the content and accumulation of protein in soybean seeds, strict observance of the sowing dates of soybean varieties is necessary so that the period of growth plants formation of beans - full seed held in a favorable hydrothermal regime. Under such conditions, the use of nitrogen - phosphorus mineral fertilizers in a long experience ensured the biological productivity of soybeans from 4.1 to 4.4 t / ha, depending on the level of plant nutrition with N and P. There was only a tendency towards an increase in seed yields and protein collection per unit of the sown area when phosphate fertilizers were added at a dose of 60 kg/ha.