Phosphorus Research Articles

A SEM-EDX Study on the Structure of Phenyl Phosphinic Hybrids Containing Boron and Zirconium.

The SEM-EDX method was used to investigate the structure and morphology of organic-inorganic hybrids containing zirconium, boron and phosphorus compounds, synthesized by the sol-gel method. We started by using, for the first time together, zirconyl chloride hexa-hydrate (ZrOCl2·6H2O), phenyl phosphinic acid and triethyl borate as precursors and reagents, at different molar ratios. The obtained hybrids showed a very high thermal stability and are not soluble in water or in organic solvents. As a consequence, such hybrid solid materials are suitable for applications at high temperatures. The obtained hybrids have complex 3D structures and form organic-inorganic networks containing Zr-O-Zr, Zr-O-P and Zr-O-B bridges. Such organic-inorganic networks are also expected to form supramolecular structures and to have many potential applications in different fields of great interest such as catalysis, medicine, agriculture, energy storage, fuel cells, sensors, electrochemical devices and supramolecular chemistry.

A Study on the Nutrient Content, Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Potential of Raw, Germinated and Fermented Moringa Oleifera Seeds

Abstract: Diet and Nutrition are important factors in the promotion and maintenance of good health throughout the life. A plant-based diet can prevent and treat chronic diseases. Health is “Absence of Disease”. Moringa oleifera is rich in macro and micronutrients like protein, carbohydrate, calcium, phosphorus, phosphorus, iron, vitamins, beta carotene and other bioactive compounds which are important for normal functioning of the body, prevention and curing of certain diseases. M. oleifera has excellent therapeutic properties including anticancer, antiulcer, antimicrobial, antioxidant. Various researches have concluded that Moringa should be used as a functional ingredient in food products. This study was taken up to investigate the effects of germination and fermentation on the nutritional, bioactive, and antimicrobial characteristics of moringa seed and it is found to have essential phytochemicals, micro and macro nutrients which can be used as natural remedies to prevent various diseases and deficiencies.

Bacterial community structure and predicted function in the rhizosphere of wild and cultivated date palms: Effects of Fertilizers on Composition and Functionality

This study investigated bacterial diversity in date palm rhizosphere and assessed the influence of different fertilizers on diversity using metagenomics. A total of 6356 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) and 1164425 sequences were analyzed across 27 samples. The findings revealed variations in microbial community phylogeny among similar cultivars from different farms, except for the Khalas cultivar, suggesting minor influence of genotype on microbial community structure. Wild date palms exhibited more unique OTUs, in contrast, cultivated date palms had a higher number of OTUs and diversity. Moreover, different fertilizer treatments had varying effects on bacterial diversity. For example, organic and bio-organic fertilizers positively influenced specific bacterial groups, including delta-proteobacteria, acidobacteria-Gp3, Anaerolinaea, and Clostridia. Conversely, combining high concentrations of chemical fertilizers with other types did not show significant effects. Classes such as Bacilli, Nitrospira, Deltaproteobacteria, Spartobacteria, and Thermomacrobia exhibited high relative abundances in treatments with high chemical fertilizer concentrations. Our analysis revealed potential pathways related to carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, phenol, sulfur, and antimicrobial compounds. Interestingly, these pathways and functions varied across different date palm cultivars. Our findings suggest that date palm cultivars shape the rhizosphere by selectively influencing bacterial communities consistently across other locations. These modulated bacterial communities can potentially provide enhanced benefits to the host. Importantly, this study was the first to investigate the soil bacterial diversity of wild date palms, giving valuable insights into the microbial community associated with this specific context.

The effect of an acid catalyst on the hydrothermal carbonization of sewage sludge

This research is focused on the addition of a catalyst, sulphuric acid (VI), to sewage sludge, and its effect on solid and liquid products resulting from the hydrothermal carbonization process. Consequently, for hydrochars, proximate and ultimate analyses, higher heating value and specific surface area were determined. Additionally, Fourier-transform infrared spectrophotometric and thermogravimetric analyses were conducted. The heavy metal contents in the ash composition of hydrochars were identified by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. It was confirmed that the catalyst addition changed the structure as well as the physical and chemical properties of hydrochars and their ashes. Regarding post-processing water, both pH value and conductivity were determined and the element composition, including heavy metals, was conducted by the inductively coupled plasma optical emission and mass spectrometry analyses. It was found that the addition of the catalyst caused a decrease in heavy metal contents and an increase of phosphorus compound in filtrates.

Phosphorus concentration by sorbents based on polyacrylonitrile fiber modi ed with iron(III) hydroxide

The resu lts of phosphorus recovery by sorbents of our production on the base of polyacrylonitrile ber modi ed with iron(III) hydroxide from solutions with di erent pH were presented. The phos phorus degree of recovery, the dynamic exchange capacity, and the total dynamic exchange capacity of sorbents for phosphorus have been established. The output curves of phosphorus sorption were constructed, and the results of a study of the sorption physicochemical regularities (isotherm and kinetics) were presented. The sorption e ciency of 32P and 33P from rainfall samples using sorbents based on polyacrylonitrile ber modi ed with iron(III) hydroxide was evaluated. Monitoring of 32P, 33P in atmospheric fallout of the Sevastopol region was carried out.

Application of high-intensity static magnetic field as a strategy to enhance the fertilizing potential of sewage sludge digestate

Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a sustainable and well-established option to handle sewage sludge (SS), as it generates a methane-rich biogas and a digestate with potential fertilizing properties. In the past, different strategies have been proposed to enhance the valorization of SS. Among these, the application of a static magnetic field (SMF) has been poorly evaluated. This study aims to determine the effects of a high-intensity SMF (1.5 and 2 T) on the chemical composition of SS anaerobic digestate. Several strategies (i.e., number of magnetization cycles, addition of different sources and quantities of magnesium, and digestate aeration) have been applied to evaluate the possible formation of compounds with valuable fertilizing properties in the digestate. Experimental results showed that by combining different strategies promoting digestate exposure to the magnetic field it is possible to favour the reduction in the liquid phase of NH4+, NO3−, PO43−, SO42− and Mg2+ concentrations up to 28%, 38%, 34%, 39% and 31%, respectively. The XRD analyses conducted on the solid phase of the same magnetized digestate samples showed an increase in crystalline and amorphous phases of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds with fertilizing value, such as struvite. These results highlight that SMF application can increase the fertilizing potential of sewage sludge digestate and promote its valorization in a sustainable and circular perspective.

Индикаторы эколого-биологического состояния нефтезагрязненной дерново-подзолистой почвы

Oil pollution adversely affects the ability of soils to perform ecological functions. An experiment was conducted that simulated the contamination of Umbric albeluvisols with crude oil, followed by reclamation for three months against the background of loosening, liming and application of biologics. The content of residual oil products, pH, amount of mobile phosphorus and potassium compounds, catalase and urease activity were analyzed in the soil. The reaction of watercress to the soil condition was traced by changes in the length and weight of the above-ground part, protein accumulation, and redox activity. The phytotesting data correlated with the content of residual oil products and can serve as indicators of the contaminated soil recovery process. The integral ecological and biological indicator of the soil is calculated on the basis of the mathematical optimization method; the most successful recovery of ecological functions of oil-contaminated soil developed on the background of loosening and liming. Keywords: SOIL QUALITY, INDICATORS OIL POLLUTION, RECULTIVATION, PHYTOTESTING, UMBRIC ALBELUVISOLS

Satellite based assessment of agronomically important properties of agricultural soils with consideration of their surface state

Satellite data have been used for a long time to assess various properties of arable soils. At the same time, there are certain difficulties associated with the fact that a number of agronomically important soil properties do not directly affect spectral reflectance of their surface, which complicates the remote assessment of such properties. In addition, to obtain reproducible models, it is necessary to take into account the state of the open soil surface during the survey. The aim of the study was to demonstrate a method for detecting agronomically important properties of arable soils based on Landsat 8-9 OLI satellite data and including information about the state of their open surface using the example of a test field in the Serebryano-Prudsky district of the Moscow region. Depending on the soil property, R2cv of the models developed based on Landsat 8-9 OLI satellite data varied from 0.57 to 0.91. The best models with R2cv>0.8 were obtained for organic matter and properties higly correlated with it such as the content of exchangeable calcium and magnesium cations, the content of total nitrogen, pH of water and salt extracts. The involvement of information on the state of the open surface of arable soils for most properties made it possible to obtain models of higher quality and predictive ability, regardless of the survey period. Based on the models obtained, maps of the spatial variation of agronomically important properties of arable soils were constructed as part of the demonstration of the method. The resulting models can be used for remote monitoring of the analyzed properties of arable soils of the test field. At the same time, for such properties as the content of exchangeable potassium and phosphorus compounds, it is necessary to search for the approaches that will take into account their high variability, as well as to perform a prior assessment of the informativity of the survey periods in which the open soil surface is not transformed.

Study on characteristics of soil and nutrient losses in Sunjiagou small watershed in cold black soil area.

Investigating the impact of different factors on soil and nutrient loss and suggesting viable control measures is currently a significant concern. This study aims to examine the variations in soil erosion, as well as nitrogen and phosphorus loss, in the core area of the typical hilly diffuse Blackland erosion control. To achieve this, runoff plots with slopes of 3° and 5° were set up in the Sunjiagou sub-basin, located in the upper reaches of the Feiketu River. These plots were subjected to various soil and water conservation measures, along with different levels of vegetation cover. This study aims to analyze the soil and nutrient loss patterns and characteristics in each runoff plot during the natural rainfall events occurring between 2020 and 2022. The results show that soil and nutrient losses are highly significantly and positively correlated with rainfall intensity. The RUSLE model demonstrates a better fit for both cross ridge tillage and bare ground. The loss of nitrogen was much more significant than that of phosphorus, and nitrate nitrogen is the main form of nitrogen loss. Nitrogen loss is mainly dominated by nitrate nitrogen (NN), which is easily soluble in water and constantly migrates with runoff due to the negatively charged NN (NN accounted for 45.2% ~ 81.8% of total nitrogen (TN)). In contrast, the positively charged ammonia nitrogen (AN) is more stable in combination with the soil; large losses only occur under severe sediment erosion. Phosphorus is easily attached to sediment, and the high sediment production leads to a more serious loss of total phosphorus (PP) in the particulate state (PP accounts for 72.7% ~ 96.2% of total phosphorus (TP)). Changing longitudinal ridge tillage to cross ridge tillage and planting vegetation with better water retention and sediment fixation as plant hedges can effectively prevent the loss of soil, runoff, nitrogen, and phosphorus.

On the potential roles of phosphorus in the early evolution of energy metabolism.

Energy metabolism in extant life is centered around phosphate and the energy-dense phosphoanhydride bonds of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a deeply conserved and ancient bioenergetic system. Yet, ATP synthesis relies on numerous complex enzymes and has an autocatalytic requirement for ATP itself. This implies the existence of evolutionarily simpler bioenergetic pathways and potentially primordial alternatives to ATP. The centrality of phosphate in modern bioenergetics, coupled with the energetic properties of phosphorylated compounds, may suggest that primordial precursors to ATP also utilized phosphate in compounds such as pyrophosphate, acetyl phosphate and polyphosphate. However, bioavailable phosphate may have been notably scarce on the early Earth, raising doubts about the roles that phosphorylated molecules might have played in the early evolution of life. A largely overlooked phosphorus redox cycle on the ancient Earth might have provided phosphorus and energy, with reduced phosphorus compounds potentially playing a key role in the early evolution of energy metabolism. Here, we speculate on the biological phosphorus compounds that may have acted as primordial energy currencies, sources of environmental energy, or sources of phosphorus for the synthesis of phosphorylated energy currencies. This review encompasses discussions on the evolutionary history of modern bioenergetics, and specifically those pathways with primordial relevance, and the geochemistry of bioavailable phosphorus on the ancient Earth. We highlight the importance of phosphorus, not only in the form of phosphate, to early biology and suggest future directions of study that may improve our understanding of the early evolution of bioenergetics.

All III‐arsenide low threshold InAs quantum dot lasers on InP(001)

AbstractThis study investigates the development of InAs quantum dot (QD) lasers on a InP(001) substrate, utilizing only III‐arsenide layers. This approach avoids the issues associated with the use of phosphorus compounds, which are evident in the crystal growth of conventional C/L‐band QD lasers, making the manufacturing process safer, simpler, and more cost‐effective. The threshold current density of the fabricated QD laser was 633 A/cm2, which is the lowest value for QD lasers in the 1.6‐µm wavelength region. This result suggests a high cost‐effectiveness and paves the way towards a large‐scale production technology for high‐performing C/L/U‐band QD lasers.

Anaerobic dissimilatory phosphite oxidation, an extremely efficient concept of microbial electron economy.

Phosphite is a stable phosphorus compound that, together with phosphate, made up a substantial part of the total phosphorus content of the prebiotic Earth's crust. Oxidation of phosphite to phosphate releases electrons at an unusually low redox potential (-690 mV at pH 7.0). Numerous aerobic and anaerobic bacteria use phosphite as a phosphorus source and oxidise it to phosphate for synthesis of nucleotides and other phosphorus-containing cell constituents. Only two pure cultures of strictly anaerobic bacteria have been isolated so far that use phosphite as an electron donor in their energy metabolism, the Gram-positive Phosphitispora fastidiosa and the Gram-negative Desulfotignum phosphitoxidans. The key enzyme of this metabolism is an NAD+ -dependent phosphite dehydrogenase enzyme that phosphorylates AMP to ADP. These phosphorylating phosphite dehydrogenases were found to be related to nucleoside diphosphate sugar epimerases. The produced NADH is channelled into autotrophic CO2 fixation via the Wood-Ljungdahl (CO-DH) pathway, thus allowing for nearly complete assimilation of the substrate electrons into bacterial biomass. This extremely efficient type of electron flow connects energy and carbon metabolism directly through NADH and might have been important in the early evolution of life when phosphite was easily available on Earth.

Effect of Silicone Oil on Properties and Performance of Ceramizable Styrene-Butadiene Rubber-Based Composites.

New trends in the circular economy and sustainability are pointing towards the gradual elimination of standard flame retardants such as phosphorus compounds or halogenated compounds. New solutions are therefore being sought in this area and ceramizable composites could be an interesting alternative. Weak rheological properties are one of the main disadvantages of ceramizable composites. This study tested ceramizable composites composed of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) as a polymer matrix and mica as a mineral filler and aimed to improve the viscoelastic properties of silicone oil as a plasticizer. To characterize this composite's mechanical properties before and after ceramization, the viscoelastic properties were tested with a dynamic oscillating rheometer and the thermal behavior with a cone calorimeter. This paper also provides results showing differences (via the abovementioned properties) between vulcanization with sulfur and that with peroxide for the ceramizable composites based on SBR. The presented results, showing changes in mechanical properties, dynamic viscosity or flammability, among others, allow a better understanding of elastomeric composites with ceramizable flame-retardant systems. Such composites can find a wide range of applications, from lagging for electrical cables to building elements such as floor coverings and fire barriers.

Recovery of Phosphate(V) Ions from Water and Wastewater Using Chitosan-Based Sorbents Modified-A Literature Review.

Over the past two decades, there has been increasing interest in the use of low-cost and effective sorbents in water treatment. Hybrid chitosan sorbents are potential materials for the adsorptive removal of phosphorus, which occurs in natural waters mainly in the form of orthophosphate(V). Even though there are numerous publications on this topic, the use of such sorbents in industrial water treatment and purification is limited and controversial. However, due to the explosive human population growth, the ever-increasing global demand for food has contributed to the consumption of phosphorus compounds and other biogenic elements (such as nitrogen, potassium, or sodium) in plant cultivation and animal husbandry. Therefore, the recovery and reuse of phosphorus compounds is an important issue to investigate for the development and maintenance of a circular economy. This paper characterizes the problem of the presence of excess phosphorus in water reservoirs and presents methods for the adsorptive removal of phosphate(V) from water matrices using chitosan composites. Additionally, we compare the impact of modifications, structure, and form of chitosan composites on the efficiency of phosphate ion removal and adsorption capacity. The state of knowledge regarding the mechanism of adsorption is detailed, and the results of research on the desorption of phosphates are described.

Origin of Reactivity Difference between Phosphines and Phosphinites in Ru-Catalyzed Phosphorus-Directed sp2C–H Borylation: Mechanistic Study and Improvement of Reaction Conditions

Abstract The reaction mechanism of Ru-catalyzed phosphorus-directed ortho sp2C–H borylation of triarylphosphines and aryl phosphinites was investigated. Competition experiments and time course analyses clarified the existence of an induction period when using [RuCl2(p-cymene)]2 as a catalyst, which was attributed to substitution of the p-cymene ligand by phosphorus compounds to generate a reactive species. These studies have reasonably explained the origin of the reactivity difference between triarylphosphines and aryl phosphinites. Dramatic improvement of reaction conditions for aryl phosphinites was achieved by employing RuCl2(dmso)4 as a new catalyst based on the mechanistic insights, realizing borylation of aryl phosphinites at room temperature.

Investigation of the Relationship Between Emergent Macrophytes and Physicochemical Parameters in Rivers

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between emergent macrophyte species in rivers representing various water body types in Türkiye and general chemical parameters collected in line with the Water Framework Directive. The relationship between aquatic macrophytes and abiotic variables in rivers was investigated using Canonical Correspondence Analysis. In addition, the ortho-phosphate parameter, which effects the distribution and abundance of river macrophytes, was included in the analysis along with other river parameters. According to the findings of the study that covered certain rivers in our country's western region, all phosphorus and nitrogen compounds included in the study were effective in the distribution of emergent aquatic plants. Among these parameters, nitrate, organic nitrogen, total phosphorus, and ortho-phosphate distinguished in terms of aquatic plant distribution.

Craniofacial reconstruction using 3D personalized implants with enhanced surface properties: Technological and clinical aspects

In this study, the modification of personalized titanium implants was developed using the plasma electrolytic oxidation process. Plasma electrolytic oxidation process parameters were initially optimized using solid samples of the Ti6Al4V alloy. Oxidation was achieved in an electrolyte containing calcium and phosphorus compounds at 250 V. The oxide layer produced was characterized by the use of human osteoblasts and fibroblasts, with high biological activity of the modified titanium alloy in relation to these cells was demonstrated. Based on tomographic examinations, models were made and then personalized implants for three patients were printed from a Ti6Al4V alloy powder. These implants were subjected to plasma electrolytic oxidation treatment within the previously developed parameters and surgically placed in the craniofacial area. On the basis of postoperative studies, surgical interventions were successful, with modification of the surface using the plasma electrolytic oxidation method producing bioactive surfaces for both bone and soft tissue.

Archean phosphorus recycling facilitated by ultraviolet radiation

Of the six elements incorporated into the major polymers of life, phosphorus is the least abundant on a global scale [E. Anders, M. Ebihara, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 46, 2363-2380 (1982)] and has been described as the "ultimate limiting nutrient" [T. Tyrrell, Nature 400, 525-531 (1999)]. In the modern ocean, the supply of dissolved phosphorus is predominantly sustained by the oxidative remineralization/recycling of organic phosphorus in seawater. However, in the Archean Eon (4 to 2.5 Ga), surface waters were anoxic and reducing. Here, we conducted photochemical experiments to test whether photodegradation of ubiquitous dissolved organic phosphorus could facilitate phosphorus recycling under the simulated Archean conditions. Our results strongly suggest that organic phosphorus compounds, which were produced by marine biota (e.g., adenosine monophosphate and phosphatidylserine) or delivered by meteorites (e.g., methyl phosphonate) can undergo rapid photodegradation and release inorganic phosphate into solution under anoxic conditions. Our experimental results and theoretical calculations indicate that photodegradation of organic phosphorus could have been a significant source of bioavailable phosphorus in the early ocean and would have fueled primary production during the Archean eon.

Agrochemical Features of Soils Under Vegetable Crops in the Lankaran Zone (Azerbaijan)

The article presents the materials of agrochemical studies of the soils of the Lankaran Zone. Silt-mursh soils are divided into 2 groups: fully developed silt-mursh soils and poorly developed silt-mursh soils. The studied soils are sufficiently provided with humus and nitrogen; there are few nitrogen-containing compounds that can be absorbed by plants. Unlike nitrogen, the source of phosphorus nutrition for plants is only phosphates in the soil and fertilizers applied to the soil. Due to the large amount of humus in waterlogged soils, organic phosphorus compounds are also high. As a result of studies conducted by various scientists on swampy soils, it was found that 40% of total phosphorus is in organic and 58% in mineral forms.

Palladium-Catalyzed Allylation of P(O)H Compounds: Access to 2-Fluoroallylic Phosphorus Compounds.

An efficient palladium-catalyzed 2-fluoroallylation of P(O)H compounds with gem-difluorocyclopropanes is presented. The reaction provides a variety of 2-fluoroallylic phosphorus compounds in good yields with high Z selectivity through the sequential C-C bond activation, C-F bond cleavage, and C-P coupling process. Various H-phosphonates, H-phosphinates, and secondary phosphine oxides are all tolerated. In addition, the gram-scale synthesis and the late-stage modification of complex bioactive molecules show practical utilities of the transformation.