Phosphate Solution Research Articles

Treatment of Phosphorus-Containing Raw Materials with Alkaline Solutions

The work describes a method for recovery of phosphorus compounds from phosphorus-containing raw materials. The possibility of autoclave leaching of phosphorus from phosphorite in the form of a solution of sodium phosphates with an alkaline solution was experimentally tested. The optimal process parameters were determined (temperature 250–300°C, leaching time 3 h, NaOH concentration 150–300 kg m–3), under which calcium silicate with a unique nano-sized needle-shaped structure, widely used in many industries, is formed in the solid residue. The research results make it possible to involve raw materials with low phosphorus content in waste-free processing.

Destabilization mechanism of acid aluminum phosphate solution: Effects of P/Al ratio, concentration and boron doping

The poor long-term stability of acid aluminum phosphate (AAP) solutions limits their industrial application. To understand its destabilization mechanism, the effects of phosphorus to aluminum ratio, concentration, and boron doping on the stability of the AAP solution are investigated. The destabilization mechanism involves polymerizing the aluminum phosphate species to form insoluble aluminum phosphate compounds. The solution concentration controls the polymerization kinetics, and reducing the concentration can improve the stability of the AAP solution. Boron introduction improves solution stability by reducing the number of active sites on the aluminum phosphate species available for polymerization and by increasing solution viscosity to restrict the movement of the aluminum phosphate species.

Nutrient Content of Lettuce Plants in a Hydroponic System with the Addition of Acid Solution

Hydroponics is a plant cultivation technique that uses water as a growing medium. The acidity level (pH) of water is an important factor in the success of hydroponic plant cultivation. High water acidity (pH>8) can be controlled by adding acid solution to a pH level of 5.8-7.0. This research was conducted to examine the nutrient content of lettuce. The research used a Randomized Block Design with 9 treatments (3 types of water and 3 types of acid solution). The types of water used include Kebonsari well water, Bugul Kidul well water and Pasuruan city PDAM water. The acid solutions used include nitric acid, phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid. The results of the research show that adding acid solutions to all types of water produces different plant nutrient contents. The addition of nitric acid and phosphoric acid solutions respectively had a significant effect on the N and P nutrient content of lettuce plants. The addition of phosphate solution can be recommended as a pH lowering solution in hydroponic cultivation.

Polyelectrolyte-Cation Complexes Using PAsp-Sr Complexes Induce Biomimetic Mineralization with Antibacterial Ability.

Remineralized dentin with an antibacterial ability is still a significant challenge in dentistry. Previously, a polyelectrolyte-calcium complexes pre-precursor (PCCP) process is proposed for rapid collagen mineralization. In the present study, the expansion concept of the PCCP process is explored by replacing the calcium with other cations, such as strontium. The results of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), 3D stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and high-resolution TEM with selected area electron diffraction demonstrate that biomimetic mineralization of collagen fibrils and demineralized dentin could be fulfilled with Sr&F-codoped hydroxyapatite (HAp) after they are treated with poly-aspartic acid-strontium (PAsp-Sr) suspension followed by a phosphate&fluoride solution. Moreover, dentin remineralized with Sr&F-codoped HAp exhibits in vitro and in vivo antibacterial ability against Streptococcus mutans. The cytotoxicity and oral mucosa irritation tests reveal excellent biocompatibility of mineralization mediums (PAsp-Sr suspension and phosphate&fluoride solution). The demineralized dentin's mechanical properties (elastic modulus and microhardness) could be restored almost to that of the intact dentin. Hence, the expansion concept of the PCCP process that replaces calcium ions with some cationic ions along with fluorine opens up new horizons for generating antibacterial remineralized dentin containing ions-doped HAp with excellent biocompatibility via biomimetic mineralization technology.

Improving the texture attributes of squid meat (sthenoteuthis oualaniensis) with slight oxidative and phosphate curing treatments

This study aimed to improve the pasty texture of squid meat by oxidative and phosphate curing (OPC) treatment, and elucidate the underlying mechanism. The shear force, springiness, weight gain, water-holding capacity (WHC), color and sensory evaluation of squid meat samples treated with a mild OPC approach (OPC_2, 10 mM H2O2 solution with complex phosphate solution) were significantly improved. However, the samples subjected to over-oxidized (20 and 30 mM H2O2 solution with complex phosphate solution) treatment did not obtain favorable outcomes. Microstructure analysis revealed that muscle fibers aggregated after moderate OPC treatments, leading to an increased spacing between muscle fiber bundles. This gap facilitated a more uniform distribution and restriction of water, according to low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) results. The results from in vitro simulated oxidation of myofibrillar proteins (MPs) demonstrated that increased H2O2 led to formation of carbonyl groups and decreased sulfhydryl groups, and even secondary structure changes, according to fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Particle size, zeta potential and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacryl amide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) results showed that oxidation caused protein aggregation into larger molecules. This study presents a novel approach to improve pasty texture of squid meat.

Optimization of Anodizing Condition for Mg-14mass%Li-3mass%Al Alloy

Mg-Li system alloys also has excellent cold-workability compared to commercial hcp-structured Mg alloys. However, Mg-Li alloys have poor corrosion resistance because not only that is Mg-based alloy but Li as a major alloying element is a less noble metal. For example, Mg-Li alloy sheet indicates high corrosion rate and exfoliation corrosion as a result of long-term corrosion test. The authors reported Mg-14 mass%Li-3 mass%Al alloy has the highest corrosion resistance in β-type solid solution alloy. Even though the optimized alloy composition, the alloy does not have enough corrosion resistance for practical use. In this study, anodized coating on Mg-Li alloy using phosphate solution was investigated. Anodizing of Mg-Li alloy facilitates the dissolution of substrate because of high Li concentration in this alloy. Therefore, the anodizing conditions were widely examined. As a result, the coating with approximately 15-20 μm of the surface layer was successfully formed. The surface layer was composed of MgAl2O4 and some phosphorus compounds. The thickness of anodized layer varied with the anodizing conditions. The dense surface layer was formed at a certain anodizing voltage and the corrosion resistance of anodized Mg-Li alloys was improved. However, the surface has some cracks and large flaky compounds. The formation mechanism of dense layer during anodizing were discussed.

Eimeria leuckarti in equid coprolites from the Sassanid Era (2nd–6th century CE) excavated in Chehrabad Salt Mine archaeological site, Iran

ObjectiveThis study reports coccidian oocysts in an equid coprolite dated to the Sassanid Empire (2nd–6th century CE) recovered in Chehrabad Salt Mine archaeological site, Iran. MethodsBetween 2015 and 2017, an archaeoparasitological investigation led to the discovery of an equid coprolite in the Chehrabad Salt Mine archeological site, (Douzlakh), western Iran. Samples were rehydrated using trisodium phosphate solution and were examined by light microscopy. ResultsSeven oocysts of Eimeria leuckarti (Flesch, 1883) were identified; they were in various stages of sporulation. ConclusionThis is the first report of ancient coccidian oocysts from equids. The importance of this observation is discussed, and current knowledge of eimeriid oocysts at archaeological sites is reviewed. SignificanceThe observations of E. leuckarti increases current knowledge of parasite biodiversity in ancient Iran when it rested along the Silk Road, a network of trade routes connecting the East and West that was central to economic, cultural, political, and religious interactions between these regions, and to livestock movement that could contribute to the transmission of the parasites from/to other regions. LimitationsThe contextual information about animal species present in and around the Salt Mine during its working periods, including Achaemenid dynasty (6th to 4th century BCE) and Sassanid era (2nd to 6th century CE), is very limited and does not allow secure conclusions regarding the host origin of the coprolites. Suggestions for Further ResearchApplication of molecular biology tools to identify the correct host origin of the coprolites and to detect more parasite species is advocated.

Multidimensional calcium phosphate coatings for bio activation of titanium implant surfaces using methodological approach

This paper presents the methodological approach for multidimensional coated with calcium phosphate for bio activating surfaces of titanium implants. Dental transplant are a revolt in dentistry, but there is some difficulties are noticed. The objective of this effort was to create a soaking technique that does not have the drawbacks of the concentrated simulated bodily fluid (SBF) soaking approach utilizing a supersaturated CaP (calcium phosphate) solution. Titanium samples were acid etched and sandblasted. The objective of this research was to create a soaking technique without the limitations of the concentrated simulated bodily fluid (SBF) soaking strategy using a supersaturated CaP (calcium phosphate) solution. Bio film formation is assessed by methoxy nitro-sulfophenyl-tetrazolium carboxanilide (XTT) assay and it is controlled by anti-adhesive coating. Bacterial adhesion is assessed by Lipid per oxidation and controlled by antibacterial properties. Sand blasting is treat the surface and the sandblasting particles that were imbedded and the surface now has a roughness of around 1.2micrometers, Micro-porosities and high surface moist ability. Our study has demonstrated the importance of the centrifugation stage, which influences coating formation, thickness, and coverage. A thin coating (∼1.5 µm) composed of apatite analogous to bone mineral was deposited.

Potentiostatic preparation and in vitro characterization of functional hazenite conversion coatings on AZ31 magnesium alloy

A functional hazenite coating was deposited on AZ31 Mg alloy by polarization at −0.8 V in a deaerated phosphate solution containing 0.1 M K2HPO4 and 0.1 M Na2HPO4 with pH 9. The growth process of the coating was determined by analyzing its morphological and composition evolution. The roughness, hydrophilicity, long-term protectiveness, bioactivity and bio-compatibility of the coating were characterized. The stress corrosion cracking (SCC) susceptibility of the coated AZ31 Mg alloy was also investigated. The results showed that the coating consisted of crystallized Mg(OH)2, MgHPO4·3H2O, KMgPO4·6H2O and KNaMg2(PO4)2·14H2O. The latter three compounds were transformed into hydroxyapatite, improving the bioactivity of AZ31 Mg alloy. The coating increased the roughness and hydrophilicity and significantly stimulated the proliferation of rabbit bone marrow stem cells, enhancing the biocompatibility of AZ31 Mg alloy. Additionally, the coating reduced the degradation rate of AZ31 Mg alloy by more than two orders of magnitude and the hydrogen volume by 50.9 % and showed good long-term protectiveness. Moreover, the coating decreased the SCC susceptibility indexes IUTS and Iε of AZ31 Mg alloy by 41.9 % and 44.9 %, respectively.

Enhanced corrosion resistance and cell activity of magnesium alloy by DCPD/MgHPO4·3H2O coating via one-step chemical conversion

In order to solve the issue of rapid corrosion in magnesium alloy, composite coating of CaHPO4·2H2O (DCPD) and MgHPO4·3H2O were prepared in one step using chemical conversion method. By changing the pH of phosphating conversion solution, the composite coatings with varying contents of DCPD and MgHPO4·3H2O were prepared, and their components were characterized. An electrochemical test was employed to compare the short-term corrosion properties of different composite coating. The findings revealed that the composite coating possessed the optimal short-term corrosion performance when pH of phosphating solution was 1.8. The long-term corrosion results demonstrated that the composite coatings fabricated at a pH of 1.8 in the phosphating solution, following a 7-days immersion, not only exhibited the optimal long-term corrosion resistance but also possessed the highest biomineralization capacity. This could be attributed to the fact that the composite coating prepared at this pH of phosphating solution possessed a structurally rational design, and MgHPO4·3H2O could play a supportive role in maintaining structural integrity during the degradation process. Indirect cell culture results indicated that at a dilution concentration of 25 %, the cell activity of the coatings, except for Ca-Mg-P3.0, was >75 %, suggesting good biocompatibility.

Prophylactic Treatment with Baloxavir Protects Mice from Lethal Infection with Influenza A and B Viruses.

Influenza remains a worldwide health concern. Antiviral drugs are considered as one of the useful options for its prevention as a complementary measure to vaccination. Baloxavir acid selectively inhibits the cap-dependent endonuclease of influenza viruses and exhibits marked viral titre reduction in patients. Here, we describe the prophylactic potency of baloxavir acid against lethal infection with influenza A and B viruses in mice. BALB/c mice were subcutaneously administered once with baloxavir acid suspension, or orally administered once daily for 10 days with oseltamivir phosphate solution at human relevant doses. Next, the mice were intranasally inoculated with A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) or B/Hong Kong/5/72 strain at 24 to 96 h after the initial dosing. Prophylactic treatment with the antiviral drugs significantly reduced the lung viral titres and prolonged survival time. In particular, baloxavir acid showed a greater suppressive effect on lung viral titres compared to oseltamivir phosphate. In this model, baloxavir acid maintained significant prophylactic effects against influenza A and B virus infections when the plasma concentration at the time of infection was at least 0.88 and 3.58 ng/mL, respectively. The significant prophylactic efficacy observed in our mouse model suggests the potential utility of baloxavir marboxil for prophylaxis against influenza in humans.

Effect of Shao's five-needle therapy pretreatment on airway inflammatory response in asthmatic rats based on ROS/TXNIP/NLRP3 pathway.

To explore the possible mechanism of Shao's five-needle therapy pretreatment on relieving airway inflammatory response in asthmatic rats. Forty SPF-grade SD rats were randomly divided into a blank group, a model group, an acupuncture group, and a medication group, with 10 rats in each group. Except the blank group, asthma model was established by aerosol inhalation of ovalbumin in the other 3 groups. The rats in the acupuncture group were treated with acupuncture at "Dazhui" (GV 14) and bilateral "Feishu" (BL 13) and "Fengmen" (BL 12), with each session lasting for 20 min. Acupuncture was given before each motivating, once daily for 7 consecutive days. The rats in the medication group were treated with intraperitoneal injection of dexamethasone sodium phosphate solution before each motivating, once daily for 7 days. General situation of the rats was observed in each group; ELISA method was used to detect the levels of inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 in serum; immunofluorescence staining method was performed to assess the expression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in lung tissues; Western blot method was used to measure the protein expression of thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP), NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), and Caspase-1 in lung tissues. The rats in the blank group exhibited normal behavior, while those in the model group showed signs of respiratory distress, ear scratching, cheek rubbing, and dysphoria. Compared with the model group, the rats in the acupuncture group and the medication group showed stable respiration and relatively agile responses. Compared with those in the blank group, the serum levels of IL-18 and IL-1β were elevated (P<0.01), the expression intensity of ROS was increased, and the protein expressions of TXNIP, NLRP3, ASC and Caspase-1 in lung tissues were increased (P<0.01) in the model group. Compared with those in the model group, the serum levels of IL-18 and IL-1β were reduced (P<0.01), the expression intensity of ROS was lowered, and the protein expressions of TXNIP, NLRP3, ASC and Caspase-1 in lung tissues were reduced (P<0.01) in the acupuncture group and the medication group. Compared with the medication group, the protein expression of ASC in lung tissue was reduced in the acupuncture group (P<0.05). Pretreatment of Shao's five-needle therapy could alleviate airway inflammatory response in asthmatic rats by reducing ROS levels and decreasing the aggregation and activation of pathway-related proteins in the ROS/TXNIP/NLRP3 pathway, ultimately leading to decreased secretion of IL-1β and IL-18. This mechanism may contribute to the effectiveness of Shao's five-needle therapy in preventing and treating asthma.

Production of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) from CO2 via pH-Stat Jar Cultivation of an Engineered Hydrogen-Oxidizing Bacterium Cupriavidus necator.

The copolyester of 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) and 3-hydoxyhexanoate (3HHx), PHBHHx, is a biodegradable plastic characterized by high flexibility, softness, a wide process window, and marine biodegradability. PHBHHx is usually produced from structurally related carbon sources, such as vegetable oils or fatty acids, but not from inexpensive carbon sources such as sugars. In previous studies, we demonstrated that engineered strains of a hydrogen-oxidizing bacterium, Cupriavidus necator, synthesized PHBHHx with a high cellular content not only from sugars but also from CO2 as the sole carbon source in the flask culture. In this study, the highly efficient production of PHBHHx from CO2 was investigated via pH-stat jar cultivation of recombinant C. necator strains while feeding the substrate gas mixture (H2/O2/CO2 = 80:10:10 v/v%) to a complete mineral medium in a recycled-gas, closed-circuit culture system. As a result, the dry cell mass and PHBHHx concentration with the strain MF01/pBPP-ccrMeJAc-emd reached up to 59.62 ± 3.18 g·L-1 and 49.31 ± 3.14 g·L-1, respectively, after 216 h of jar cultivation with limited addition of ammonia and phosphate solutions. The 3HHx composition was close to 10 mol%, which is suitable for practical applications. It is expected that the autotrophic cultivation of the recombinant C. necator can be feasible for the mass production of PHBHHx from CO2.

Study of the Formation of Precursor Clusters in an Aqueous Solution of KH2PO4 by Small-Angle X-ray Scattering and Molecular Dynamics

The structure of an aqueous solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4, KDP) was studied by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and molecular dynamics (MD). According to SAXS data, the octameric species (KH2PO4)8 are formed in solution in addition to K+, (H2PO4)−, and KH2PO4, while the presence of other types of oligomers is not observed. When the temperature drops below the saturation temperature (~60 °C), the volume fraction of octamers increases sharply, reaching 50% at 4 °C. The results of MD calculations of the temporal stability relationships of dimers (KH2PO4)2, tetramers (KH2PO4)4, and octamers (KH2PO4)8 show that the dimers and tetramers disintegrate rapidly (50–100 ps), while the octamers remain stable. A comparative analysis of the bonds between the octamers and the KDP crystal lattice was carried out when the octamer was inserted during crystal growth in the directions [001] and [100]. The possible relationship of the obtained results with the changes in the anisotropy of growth rates (habitus) of KDP crystals at different degrees of supersaturation is discussed.

Hydrothermal Synthesis of Calcium Silicates on the Recovery of Phosphorus from Phosphorite

Calcium silicates with nanosized needle-like structure have been obtained from phosphorite by hydrothermal synthesis. Phosphorus is recovered from phosphorite as sodium phosphate solution under conditions of autoclave treatment of phosphorite with alkaline solution in the presence of silicon dioxide at 250°C. This approach enables involvement of low-phosphorus raw materials into non-waste processing owing to the synthesis of calcium silicates suitable in many branches of industry. Thus prepared phosphate solutions are applicable in agriculture and, after appropriate purification, in food industry. Hydrothermal synthesis conditions have been determined: temperature of 250–300°C, leaching time of 3 h, and NaOH concentration of 150 kg/m3.

Microstructure of phosphate conversion film formed on the surface of A36 steel prepared by micro-arc discharge plasma

Phosphate conversion film is an important surface protection film for steel. It mainly has the functions of corrosion resistance, wear resistance, plastic processing lubricity, etc., or as the basis of subsequent coating or painting. Phosphate treatment is traditionally used to form a Phosphate conversion film on the surface of steel. In this treatment method, a dilute solution of phosphoric acid and phosphate can be applied to the surface to be treated by spraying or soaking, so that it can react with the surface to form an insoluble phosphate film. This method is more difficult to control the thickness and microstructure of the formed film, and there are many pretreatment procedures. In response to future environmental policies, carbon neutrality and 2050 net zero carbon emissions must be met. In this study, the micro-arc discharge method was used from the surface pretreatment of A36 steel to the formation of the phosphoric acid film. The consistent method shortened the process steps and reduced the carbon emission of the process to comply with the environmental policy. The discharge voltage is 50 ∼ 200 V, the current is about 1.6 A, and the different process time and current are controlled, which to observe the microstructure of the phosphoric acid film and surface hardness. Possible reaction mechanisms for phosphate film formation will be discussed in this paper.

EXTRACTION, PARTIAL PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BETA-GLUCOSIDASE FROM APRICOT DEFATTED SEEDS POWDER

The objective of this study, is characterization of partially purified beta-glucosidase (BGS) extracted from apricot defatted seeds powder. The enzyme was extracted using sodium phosphate solution (0.2M, pH 7) containing 2% sodium chloride with mixing ratio of (1:5 solid: liquid) for extraction period of 3 hours at 4C. The crude extract was precipitated by ammonium sulfate at 20-70% saturation, dialyzed then concentrated. The specific activity of the enzyme, folds of purification and the enzymatic yield were 5.45 units/mg, 7.8 fold and 84.5%, respectively. The results showed that the optimum conditions for the enzyme activity were at pH 5.5 and 6.5, the optimum temperature for the enzyme’s activity was 40°C and 55°C, while the thermal stability of the enzyme was between 25-45°C when the enzyme retained more than 90% of its activity over 30 minutes incubation at the optimum pH for activity, and retained 88% of its activity at 50° C. The results also revealed the inhibitory and activator effects of minerals and chemical compounds on the BGS activity.

Numerical and Experimental Investigation of Aerodynamic Characteristics of Morphing Trailing Edge Wings in The Application of MAV

In the past few years, FDM basedpolymer3D printing process has flourished mainly with ABS filaments as a thermoplastic source. Food packing, medical, marine and agriculture industries employdevices and other usable items made of polymers. Utilizing layered fabrication components in these areascompelthem to have self-cleansing, anti-freezing and corrosion resistant surfaces. It is generally complex and expensive to prepare hydrophobic coatings. The present work is related to the development of a surface coating on 3D printed ABS specimens with the mentioned properties. 3D printed specimens were fabricated using Flash Forge 3D printer without any modifications, and the hydrophobic coatings were achieved by dip coating process using Tricalcium phosphate-chitin solutions with a ratio of 70:30. Static contact angle measurement was employedin gaging wettability impact on dip coated 3D printed specimens. By using digital vernier calipers and profilometer (SJ410), dimensional accuracy and surface roughness were assessed pre and post-coating. According to ASTM D570-98, water absorption tests were conducted at different time intervals. Results of the experiment showed that the hydrophobic solutions had been successfully synthesized. The maximum contact angle was achieved for solution 1(4g of tricalcium phosphate solution with 0.3g chitin solution) i.e., 109.3°. Improvement in the textureof 3D printed ABS surfaceswasobserved after dip coating. Dip-coated 3D printed ABS specimens exhibited minimal absorption based on their weight gain per area.

Investigating The Surface Characteristics of Dip Coated 3D Printed ABS Specimens

In the past few years, FDM basedpolymer 3D printing process has flourished mainly with ABS filaments as a thermoplastic source. Food packing, medical, marine and agriculture industries employdevices and other usable items made of polymers. Utilizing layered fabrication components in these areascompelthem to have self-cleansing, anti-freezing and corrosion resistant surfaces. It is generally complex and expensive to prepare hydrophobic coatings.The present work is related to the development of a surface coating on 3D printed ABS specimens with the mentioned properties. 3D printed specimens were fabricated using Flash Forge 3D printer without any modifications, and the hydrophobic coatings were achieved by dip coating process using Tricalcium phosphate-chitin solutions with a ratio of 70:30. Static contact angle measurement was employedin gaging wettability impact on dip coated 3D printed specimens. By using digital vernier calipers and profilometer (SJ410), dimensional accuracy and surface roughness were assessed pre and post-coating. According to ASTM D570-98, water absorption tests were conducted at different time intervals. Results of the experiment showed that the hydrophobic solutions had been successfully synthesized. The maximum contact angle was achieved for solution 1(4g of tricalcium phosphate solution with 0.3g chitin solution) i.e., 109.3°. Improvement in the textureof 3D printed ABS surfaceswas observed after dip coating. Dip-coated 3D printed ABS specimens exhibited minimal absorption based on their weight gain per area.

Metal-organic frameworks combined with mid-infrared spectroscopy for the trace analysis of phosphates in water

Detecting traces of phosphates in water is critical for monitoring water quality in aquatic ecosystems. Mid-infrared techniques are effective for label-free and quick measurements in at-line or in-line applications, but sensitivity is limited due to high water absorption. To combat this, preconcentration schemes combined with evanescent field spectroscopy can be used to enrich the analyte in the probed volume and thereby increasing sensitivity. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are versatile materials with defined porosity and tuneable chemistry, which make them ideal for selective adsorption of target molecules. In this study, an NH2-MIL-88B(Fe) (= Fe3O(NH2-BDC)3) MOF-based enrichment layer was prepared on a diamond attenuated total reflection (ATR) crystal for in situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic measurements of ortho-phosphates in water. A workflow for single-use enrichment layers was established, and an automated flow system was used to apply aqueous phosphate solutions. Using internal referencing and compensating for variation in MOF film depositions, phosphate analysis reproducibility increased from 74% to 94%. The Langmuir adsorption model was used to derive a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.18 mg L-1 phosphorus in water. Overall, this work demonstrates the effectiveness of NH2-MIL-88B(Fe) MOFs as enrichment layers for aqueous phosphate sensing. Our results provide a promising avenue for the development of sensitive and selective sensors for environmental and biomedical applications.