Phosphate Potential Research Articles

Unveiling the potential of lithium fluoride phosphate (Li2MPO4F, M = Fe, V, Mn) for the next generation of lithium-ion batteries: A comparative study based on first principles and molecular dynamic simulations

LiFePO4 (LFP) cathode with olivine crystal structure has been a key player in safe and affordable energy storage, owing to its low-cost iron and high electrochemical stability within a voltage range of commercial electrolytes (2.8–3.4 V). To maintain these benefits while enhancing its energy density, Li2MPO4F was developed by introducing fluorine (F) and replacing iron with other transition metals (M). However, previous studies on these materials primarily measured performance within a limited voltage window (e.g., 2.5–4.5 V), making it challenging to analyze their performance under advanced electrolytes with a broader voltage range. In this study, we took a novel approach by utilizing first principles and molecular dynamic calculations to investigate the electrochemical performance of Li2MPO4F with three types of transition metals (M = V, Fe, Mn). This unique methodology, which includes calculations on theoretical voltages, atomic structures, and diffusion coefficient after structural optimization, allowed us to predict the impact of transition metals on cathode performance. By closely comparing the expected results, this study discusses the pros and cons of each cation substitution and suggests suitable cathode materials for batteries with high energy density and superior rate capability.

Unveiling wheat growth promotion potential of phosphate solubilizing Pantoea agglomerans PS1 and PS2 through genomic, physiological, and metagenomic characterizations.

Phosphorus is an abundant element in the earth's crust and is generally found as complex insoluble conjugates. Plants cannot assimilate insoluble phosphorus and require external supplementation as chemical fertilizers to achieve a good yield. Continuous use of fertilizers has impacted soil ecology, and a sustainable solution is needed to meet plant elemental requirements. Phosphate solubilizing microbes could enhance phosphorus bioavailability for better crop production and can be employed to attain sustainable agriculture practices. The current study unveils the biofertilizer potential of wheat rhizospheric bacteria through physiological, taxonomic, genomic, and microbiomics experimentations. Culture-dependent exploration identified phosphate-solubilizing PS1 and PS2 strains from the wheat rhizosphere. These isolates were rod-shaped, gram-negative, facultative anaerobic bacteria, having optimum growth at 37°C and pH 7. Phylogenetic and phylogenomic characterization revealed their taxonomic affiliation as Pantoea agglomerans subspecies PS1 & PS2. Both isolates exhibited good tolerance against saline (>10% NaCl (w/v), >11.0% KCl (w/v), and >6.0% LiCl (w/v)), oxidizing (>5.9% H2O2 (v/v)) conditions. PS1 and PS2 genomes harbor gene clusters for biofertilization features, root colonization, and stress tolerance. PS1 and PS2 showed nitrate reduction, phosphate solubilization, auxin production, and carbohydrate utilization properties. Treatment of seeds with PS1 and PS2 significantly enhanced seed germination percentage (p = 0.028 and p = 0.008, respectively), number of tillers (p = 0.0018), number of leaves (p = 0.0001), number of spikes (p = 0.0001) and grain production (p = 0.0001). Wheat rhizosphere microbiota characterizations indicated stable colonization of PS1 and PS2 strains in treated seeds at different feek stages. Pretreatment of seeds with both strains engineered the wheat rhizosphere microbiota by recruiting plant growth-promoting microbial groups. In vitro, In vivo, and microbiota characterization studies indicated the biofertilizer potential of Pantoea sp. PS1 & PS2 to enhance wheat crop production. The employment of these strains could fulfill plant nutrient requirements and be a substitute for chemical fertilizers for sustainable agriculture.

Biosolubilization Potential of Rock Phosphate and Phosphatase Production by some Phosphate Solubilizing Fungi

Biosolubilization Potential of Rock Phosphate and Phosphatase Production by some Phosphate Solubilizing Fungi

Advanced characterization techniques for phosphate cathodes in aqueous rechargeable zinc‐based batteries

AbstractAqueous zinc‐based batteries are emerging as highly promising alternatives to commercially successful lithium‐ion batteries, particularly for large‐scale energy storage in power stations. Phosphate cathodes have garnered significant research interest owing to their adjustable operation potential, electrochemical stability, high theoretical capacity, and environmental robustness. However, their application is impeded by various challenges, and research progress is hindered by unclear mechanisms. In this review, the various categories of phosphate materials as zinc‐based battery cathodes are first summarized according to their structure and their corresponding electrochemical performance. Then, the current advances to reveal the Zn2+ storage mechanisms in phosphate cathodes by using advanced characterization techniques are discussed. Finally, some critical perspectives on the characterization techniques used in zinc‐based batteries and the application potential of phosphates are provided. This review aims to guide researchers toward advanced characterization technologies that can address key challenges, thereby accelerating the practical application of phosphate cathodes in zinc‐based batteries for large‐scale energy storage.

Investigation of periodontal tissue regeneration using octacalcium phosphate and collagen composite

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate periodontal tissue regenerative potential of octacalcium phosphate (OCP) and collagen composite (OCPcol), recognized as excellent bone-regenerative materials, in artificial bone defect models using beagle dogs. This study specifically assessed the efficacy of OCPcol in periodontal soft-tissue regeneration. MethodsOCPcol was implanted in bone defects adjacent to the roots of the left mandibular third and fourth premolars in six beagle dogs (OCP group), while five dogs did not receive OCPcol (control group). The dogs were observed for 3 months. The specimens were evaluated radiologically and histologically. ResultsMicrocomputed tomography revealed bone regeneration originating from the lateral cortical bone surface adjacent to the created defect. The superficial layer of the regenerated bone was cortical bone-like and continuous with the upper and lower alveolar bone. The bone was regenerated by maintaining a continuous void in the periodontal ligament space above and below the dentinal defect. Dental defects of roots were not regenerated. The control group did not exhibit sufficient bone regeneration. Histologically, in the OCP group, formation of new cementum was observed on the outer surface of the root dentin, with connective tissue attachment and an oblique-running periodontal ligament in the space between the new bone and dentin. However, the dentinal defects were not regenerated． ConclusionsAlveolar bone and periodontal ligament regenerated when OCPcol was implanted into a bone and dentinal defect created around a natural tooth root. These results suggest that OCPcol effectively regenerates periodontal tissue, without ankylosis.

3D printed scaffolds with quercetin and vitamin D3 nanocarriers: In vitro cellular evaluation.

Increasing bone diseases and anomalies significantly challenge bone regeneration, necessitating the development of innovative implantable devices for effective healing. This study explores the potential of 3D-printed calcium phosphate (CaP) scaffolds functionalized with natural medicine to address this issue. Specifically, quercetin and vitamin D3 (QVD) encapsulated solid lipid nanoparticles (QVD-SLNs) are incorporated into the scaffold to enhance bone regeneration. The melt emulsification method is utilized to achieve high drug encapsulation efficiency (~98%) and controlled biphasic release kinetics. The process-structure-property performance of these systems allows more controlled release while maintaining healthy cell-material interactions. The functionalized scaffolds show ~1.3- and ~-1.6-fold increase in osteoblast cell proliferation and differentiation, respectively, as compared with the control. The treated scaffold demonstrates a reduction in osteoclastic activity as compared with the control. The QVD-SLN-loaded scaffolds show ~4.2-fold in vitro chemopreventive potential against osteosarcoma cells. Bacterial assessment with both Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa shows a significant reduction in bacterial colony growth over the treated scaffold. These findings summarize that the release of QVD-SLNs through a 3D-printed CaP scaffold can treat various bone-related disorders for low or non-load-bearing applications.

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) seeds and di ammonium phosphate (dap) potential for controlling Striga seed germination, sorghum growth and grain yield

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) seeds and di ammonium phosphate (dap) potential for controlling Striga seed germination, sorghum growth and grain yield

Synthesis, characterization, and investigation the catalytic potential of diammonium phosphate modified with bismuth for the one-pot synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones through a three-component reaction: An in-depth evaluation using green metrics

A straightforward synthesis of a novel catalyst, bismuth phosphate (Bi(NO3)3/DAP), was achieved using a co-precipitation method. The resulting material underwent thorough characterization employing various techniques, including X-ray diffraction, FTIR, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and EDX. We investigated the application of Bi(NO3)3/DAP as a catalyst in the 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones reaction between urea, ethyl acetoacetate, and various aldehydes. The results demonstrated that the catalyst exhibited excellent catalytic performance, leading to the production of products with impressive yields (89–97 %) in just 15 min in an ethanol medium. Additionally, the heterogeneity of the reaction was confirmed through a hot filtration test. Notably, this catalyst presents notable benefits, such as its easy recovery and ability to be reused for a minimum of five successive cycles, a simple work-up procedure, and the attainment of high product yields. A sustainability evaluation based on green metrics using the E-factor, atom economy (AE), reaction mass efficiency (RME), and optimum efficiency (OE) revealed that the use of a catalyst in the Biginelli reaction enhances environmental sustainability.

The combination of inorganic phosphate and pyrophosphate 31 P-NMR for the electrodeless pH determination in the 5-12 range.

Potentiometry is the primary pH measurement method, but alternatives are sought beyond glass electrodes operative limitations. In nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments, electrodeless pH sensing is important to track changes along titrations, during chemical reactions or inside compartmentalized environments inaccessible to electrodes, for instance. Although several interesting NMR pH indicators have been already presented, the potential of inorganic phosphate is overlooked, despite its common presence in NMR samples as the buffer main component. Its use for electrodeless pH determination can be expanded by exploiting all its three proton dissociations. This study was aimed at verifying the use of inorganic phosphate 31 P chemical shift to sense pH variations, and at exploring the complementary use of pyrophosphate ions to cover a wide pH range. A simple set of equations is presented to utilize both phosphate and pyrophosphate 31 P chemical shift in combination for accurate pH determination without a glass electrode over the 5-12 pH range, and without affecting the spectrum of other nuclei. The present study demonstrated an average deviation of 0.09 (maximum <0.2) pH unit from glass electrode measurements. The trimethylphosphate can be used as a suitable chemical shift reference for both 31 P and 1 H (also 13 C), with its hydrolysis being significant only at pH > 12. The method was also demonstrated by determining the pKa of three distinct molecules in a mixture and by comparing the results to those obtained when the glass electrode was used to measure the pH. The approach shown here can be easily tuned to different experimental conditions.

Safety and immune-supportive potential of the food supplement 5-aminolevulinic acid phosphate for patients with COVID-19: An open-label, non-randomized pilot study

Background: One mode of action of 5-ALA with SFC is the induction of Heme Oxygenase-1, a key regulator in anti-oxidative and immunological processes, leading to the hypothesis that the product supports faster recovery from infections such as COVID-19. Objective: The main objective was to assess the safety and immune-supportive potential of the food supplement 5-aminolevulinic acid phosphate (5-ALA) with sodium ferrous citrate (SFC) in patients with COVID-19 when co-administered with standard of care medications (SoC).Methods: A patient group with moderate COVID-19 symptoms (four males and three females, mean age 43 years) and one group with severe symptoms (12 males, mean age 48 years) received daily oral doses of 500 mg/750 mg 5-ALA with 286 mg/430 mg SFC for the first 7 days (≤7.5 times higher than the recommended dose for the marketed product). For the subsequent 21 d, the daily dose was reduced to 250 mg 5-ALA with 143 mg SFC in both groups. Adverse events and several immunological laboratory parameters were collected. Moreover, the mean hospital stay was compared with historical data of patients solely treated with SoC. Results: Two patients in the moderate group showed elevated liver enzymes; however, these seemed to be related to SoC. In the severe group, one patient experienced constipation. No serious adverse events were observed. In the severe group, a significant decrease of C-reactive protein (109.42 5.41 mg/L; p &lt;0.005), procalcitonin (0.87 to 0.07 ng/mL; p &lt;0.005), and interleukin 6 (20.07 to 5.06 pg/mL; p &lt;0.05) and an increase of the cluster of differentiation 4 (250 to 880 cells/µl; p &lt;0.05) and the cluster of differentiation 8 (190 to 623 cells/µL; p &lt;0.05) were detected. The hospital stay of the severe group was markedly shorter (8 d only) than that of the control group (16 d).Conclusions: 5-ALA with SFC was evaluated as safe for administration in COVID-19 patients. Moreover, there were signals detecting its immune-supportive potential. The small number of included patients limits interpretation of the significance of the results; however, the study is useful in deciding future development strategies. Trial Registration: The study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (https://clinicaltrials.gov/) on September 06, 2020 (registration no. NCT04542850.Keywords: 5-aminolevulinic acid; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; food supplement

Improving bone defect healing using magnesium phosphate granules with tailored degradation characteristics

ObjectivesDental implant placement frequently requires preceding bone augmentation, for example, with hydroxyapatite (HA) or β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) granules. However, HA is degraded very slowly in vivo and for β-TCP inconsistent degradation profiles from too rapid to rather slow are reported. To shorten the healing time before implant placement, rapidly resorbing synthetic materials are of great interest. In this study, we investigated the potential of magnesium phosphates in granular form as bone replacement materials. MethodsSpherical granules of four different materials were prepared via an emulsion process and investigated in trabecular bone defects in sheep: struvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O), K-struvite (MgKPO4·6H2O), farringtonite (Mg3(PO4)2) and β-TCP. ResultsAll materials except K-struvite exhibited promising support of bone regeneration, biomechanical properties and degradation. Struvite and β-TCP granules degraded at a similar rate, with a relative granules area of 29% and 30% of the defect area 4 months after implantation, respectively, whereas 18% was found for farringtonite. Only the K-struvite granules degraded too rapidly, with a relative granules area of 2% remaining, resulting in initial fibrous tissue formation and intermediate impairment of biomechanical properties. Significance:We demonstrated that the magnesium phosphates struvite and farringtonite have a comparable or even improved degradation behavior in vivo compared to β-TCP. This emphasizes that magnesium phosphates may be a promising alternative to established calcium phosphate bone substitute materials.

Remineralization potential of apacider gel on enamel and cementum surrounding margin of ceramic restoration.

Modern management of carious lesions has been targeted upon using remineralizing agents. This study investigated the remineralization potential of apacider gel (AG) and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium fluoride phosphate (CA) on enamel and cementum around the cavosurface area of the ceramic margin. Seventy-five extracted human mandibular molars were sectioned at 0.8 mm above and below the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) to remove the CEJ portions and replaced them with glass ceramic disks by bonding them to the crown and root portions with resin cement. The enamel and cementum area of 4x4 mm2 surrounding ceramic was demineralized with Carbopol-907. The demineralized surfaces were treated with either AG or CA, while one group was left with no treatment (NT) and served as control. Vickers microhardness was determined before-, after demineralization, and after remineralization. The percentage of hardness recovery (%HR), and remineralization potential (%RP) were analyzed with ANOVA and Bonferroni's test (α=0.05). Polarized light microscopy (PLM) was assessed for lesion depth. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was investigated for surface alterations. Significant differences in remineralization were found upon various remineralizing agents compared to NT for both enamel and cementum (p<0.05). No significant difference in %HR and %RP was observed between AG and CA (p>0.05). However, AG signified greater decrease in lesion depth and better improvement in surface characteristics for both enamel and cementum than CA. AG possesses comparable remineralization ability to CA. However, decreasing in carious lesion depth was evinced with using AG more than CA. AG was recommended as a potential remineralization material for handling initial caries for both enamel and cementum. Key words:Apacider, artificial carious lesion, CCP-ACFP, remineralizationCare Team.

Applying a modified systematic review and integrated assessment framework (SYRINA) - a case study on triphenyl phosphate.

This work presents a case study in applying a systematic review framework (SYRINA) to the identification of chemicals as endocrine disruptors. The suitability and performance of the framework is tested with regard to the widely accepted World Health Organization definition of an endocrine disruptor (ED). The endocrine disrupting potential of triphenyl phosphate (TPP), a well-studied flame retardant reported to exhibit various endocrine related effects was assessed. We followed the 7 steps of the SYRINA framework, articulating the research objective via Populations, Exposures, Comparators, Outcomes (PECO) statements, performed literature search and screening, conducted study evaluation, performed data extraction and summarized and integrated the evidence. Overall, 66 studies, consisting of in vivo, in vitro and epidemiological data, were included. We concluded that triphenyl phosphate could be identified as an ED based on metabolic disruption and reproductive function. We found that the tools used in this case study and the optimizations performed on the framework were suitable to assess properties of EDs. A number of challenges and areas for methodological development in systematic appraisal of evidence relating to endocrine disrupting potential were identified; significant time and effort were needed for the analysis of in vitro mechanistic data in this case study, thus increasing the workload and time needed to perform the systematic review process. Further research and development of this framework with regards to grey literature (non-peer-reviewed literature) search, harmonization of study evaluation methods, more consistent evidence integration approaches and a pre-defined method to assess links between adverse effect and endocrine activity are recommended. It would also be advantageous to conduct more case studies for a chemical with less data than TPP.

Unlocking the synergetic potential of cobalt iron phosphate and multiwalled carbon nanotube composites towards supercapacitor application

Exploring non-toxic, multiple oxidation state iron phosphate (Co3Fe4(PO4)6) anchored MWCNTs with blossomed micro platelets surface architecture as a supercapacitive electrode and design of a large-scale (10 × 4 cm2) symmetric device powering a DC fan.

Simultaneous aerobic nitrogen and phosphate removal by Pseudomonas aeruginosa SNDPR-01: Comprehensive insights on metabolic potential and mechanisms

Versatile metabolic bacteria with simultaneous nitrification–denitrification and phosphate removal (SNDPR) capabilities are promising to reduce the wastewater treatment process from a multi-unit system to a single unit system. Due to the limited study, the metabolic potential and mechanisms of nitrogen (N) and phosphate (P) removal for any SNDPR bacteria remain unknown. In this study, genomic analysis revealed various genes were present in an SNDPR isolate, Pseudomonas aeruginosa SNDPR-01, establishing diverse N- and P-metabolism potential, such as aerobic and anoxic denitrification; dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonia; polyphosphate (polyP) metabolism; and utilization of organic P. Phylogenetic analysis predicted that key functional genes related N and P metabolism may co-evolve with chromosomal genes, except for the norB gene, which may originate from horizontal gene transfer. Transcriptomic analysis revealed a partial nitrification and denitrification pathway (NH4+ → NO2– → NO → N2O → N2) to aerobically remove N without the involvement of conventional amoA, hao and napA genes. Unknown genes were confirmed to mediate the oxidation of ammonium to nitrite. Excellent P removal ability was aided by the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and polyP. The formed polyP was utilized under aerobic conditions without accumulation, which is different from traditional polyP accumulation organisms in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). This study will deepen the roles of SNDPR bacteria in aerobic ecological niches and enhance their application in WWTPs.

(Digital Presentation) Construction of a Novel Phosphate Potential Sensor and Its Application

Phosphorus content is one of important indicators in the evaluation of water quality. The level of phosphorus in oilfield water systems not only affects the overall water cycle production system, but excessive phosphorus wastewater entering the environment can cause eutrophication of the water body, as can high levels of ammonia and nitrogen, and leading to rapid growth of algae and thus affecting the balance of the aquatic ecosystem. Therefore, the regulation of phosphorus is of great importance. Phosphorus exists in nature mainly in the form of phosphate, which is currently detected by the traditional spectrophotometric method. As this method requires the addition of a large number of chemical reagents, it is not only complex and time consuming, but also produces a waste solution at the end of the test that can easily cause secondary pollution to the environment. Compared to traditional methods, Ion Selective Electrodes (ISEs) are easier to use, more sensitive, less expensive and do not cause secondary contamination. In conventional ion selective electrode detection systems, liquid contact ion selective electrodes consisting of a polymeric ion selective membrane, an internal filling fluid and an internal reference electrode are susceptible to common variables such as pressure and temperature. There are problems with complex maintenance, leakage and signal calibration. In contrast, all-solid ion-selective electrodes that eliminate the internal filling fluid and internal reference have become a hot research topic for such potential-based sensors. In this thesis, the following research was carried out with the aim of developing a phosphate potentiometric sensor with practical detection capabilities:(1) PANI/ITO electrodes were produced by electrodeposition of polyaniline on ITO conductive glass by constant potential deposition and by ultrasonic peeling. Three oxidation states of PANI/ITO electrodes were prepared at different voltages using phosphoric acid as the doping solution. LBPANI/ITO electrode in the fully reduced state, ESPANI/ITO electrode in the semi-oxidized state and PBPANI/ITO electrode in the fully oxidized state. The response sensitivity and stability of the three electrodes were investigated to determine the optimum doping potential; the response performance of the electrodes was tested for different doping times to determine the optimum preparation time. It is shown that the PBPANI/ITO electrode in the fully oxidized state has the optimum stability and response sensitivity at a doping time of 80 s. The electrode showed good linear response in the range of 1.00x10-5 ~ 1.00x10-1 M, with a response sensitivity of 37.30 dec/mV (R2 = 0.9966) and a detection limit of 10-5.6 M. The response time of the electrode to the solution was around 4 s, and it had good acid-base adaptability (pH 4.0 ~ 8.0). The performance of the prepared PBPANI/ITO electrode as a potentiometric phosphate sensor was also investigated in terms of stability (n = 10, RSD 1.76 %) and lifetime (6 weeks at room temperature), and was successfully used for phosphate detection and analysis in oilfield re-injection water, lake water and tap water samples in real environments with satisfactory results. (2) To further prepare a phosphate potential sensor with a high sensitivity response. We pretreated the home-made cobalt electrode with high pressure anodic oxidation in sodium hydroxide solution to produce a uniform cobalt oxide passivation film on the electrode surface. The sensitivity and stability of the response of the electrode at different pretreatment times were investigated to determine the optimum preparation conditions. The results showed that the pretreated cobalt electrode had a good response in the range of 1.00x10-5 ~ 1.00x10-1 M. The response sensitivity was 67.22 mV dec, R2 = 0.9939 and the detection limit was 10-5.5 M. It was much higher than that of the untreated cobalt electrode. This far exceeded that of the untreated polished cobalt electrode (36 ~ 40 mV/dec). The performance of the pretreated cobalt electrode as a potentiometric phosphate sensor was also investigated in terms of lifetime (7 weeks at room temperature), response rate (less 40 s), stability (n = 10, RSD 1.07 %) and acid-base adaptability (pH 4.0 ~ 8.0), and the sensor was successfully used for phosphate in oilfield re-injection water, lake water and tap water samples with satisfactory results.

Direct and Binder-Free MXene-Assisted Cobalt Manganese Phosphate Electrode Fabrication on Carbon Cloth by Electrosynthesis for Efficient Supercapacitors

In this work, MXene-assisted cobalt manganese phosphate (MXene-CMP) thin films with various Co/Mn compositions were prepared on a carbon cloth (CC) substrate via an easy and efficient low-cost electrodeposition route. MXene-CMP thin films were further used as polymer-free active materials for hybrid supercapacitors. The structural, compositional, and surface properties of the prepared MXene-CMP hybrid thin films were characterized using the latest analytical methods. The H-3 electrode exhibited enhanced specific capacitance (840 F·g-1 at 2 A·g-1) with exceptional robust performance. Additionally, a symmetric H-3 MXene-CMP supercapacitor device also demonstrated a high energy density of 48 Wh·kg-1 at 1.5 kW·kg-1 power density and holds better cyclability (93% of its initial value after 5000 cycles). Finally, this work explored the strong potential of MXene-attached bimetallic phosphates for solving the electrochemical shortcomings of energy storage devices.

Unleashing the Full Potential of Electrochromic Heterostructured Nickel-Cobalt Phosphate for Optically Active High-Performance Asymmetric Quasi-Solid-State Supercapacitor Devices.

The rational design of hybrid systems that combine capacitor and battery merits is crucial to enable the fabrication of high energy and power density devices. However, the development of such systems remains a significant barrier to overcome. Herein, we report the design of a Ni-Co phosphate (Ni3-xCox(PO4)2·8H2O) nanoplatelet-based system via a facile coprecipitation method at ambient conditions. The nanoplatelets exhibit multicomponent synergy, exceptional charge storage capabilities, rich redox active sites (ameliorating the redox reaction activity), and high ionic diffusion rate/electron transfer kinetics. The designed Ni3-xCox(PO4)2·8H2O offered a respectable gravimetric specific capacity and marvelous capability rate (966 and 595 C g-1 at 1 and 15 A g-1) over the Ni3(PO4)2·8H2O (327.3 C g-1) and Co3(PO4)2·8H2O (68 C g-1) counterparts. Additionally, the nanoplatelets showed enhanced photoactive storage performance with a 9.7% increase in the recorded photocurrent density. Upon integration of Ni3-xCox(PO4)2·8H2O as a positive pole and commercial activated carbon as a negative pole, the constructed hybrid supercapacitor device with PVA@KOH quasi-gel electrolyte exhibits great energy and power densities of 77.7 Wh kg-1 and 15998.54 W kg-1 with remarkable cycling stability of 6000 charging/discharging cycles and prominent Coulombic efficiency of 100%. Interestingly, two assembled devices are capable of glowing a red LED bulb for nearly 180 s. This research paves the way to design and fabricate electroactive species via a facile approach for boosting the design of a plethora of supercapattery devices.

Characteristics and Changes in Water Quality Based on Climate and Hydrology Effects in the Cirata Reservoir

This research aimed to identify water quality changes in the Cirata Reservoir and the factors affecting them in terms of hydrology and climate. The sampling was carried out in both the rainy and dry seasons at 12 locations in the Cirata Reservoir. The Mann–Whitney U-test (different test) results showed that salinity, total suspended solids (TSS), the potential of hydrogen (pH), nitrate (NO3-N), phosphate (PO4), nitrate and phosphate content in the sediment were significantly different (α &lt; 0.05) between the rainy and dry seasons. The principal component analysis (PCA) results showed that the water quality characteristics in the Cirata Reservoir in the dry season were influenced by environmental conditions in the reservoir, especially by the floating cage aquaculture and climate conditions. The high solar radiation, low rainfall, and floating cage aquaculture increased the pH and amounts of dissolved oxygen (DO), ammonia (NH3-N), PO4, nitrate and phosphate in the sediment while decreasing transparency, salinity, TSS, and NH3-N. During the rainy season, the high runoff from Citarum Watershed controlled the water quality characteristics of the Cirata Reservoir. In this season, transparency, salinity, pH, DO, NH3-N, PO4, nitrate and phosphate in the sediment increased, while TSS tended to be low. In general, the water volume addition decreased the nutrition and salinity concentration in the water body. However, a distinct phenomenon occurred in the Cirata Reservoir. The runoff from agriculture, settlement, livestock, and the Citatah Karst in the Upper Citarum Watershed increased nutrition and salinity in the reservoir. Land use in the Citarum Watershed and floating cage aquaculture had an important role in the reservoir water quality.

Investigation of the inhibition behavior of an octacalcium phosphate as a green corrosion inhibitor against carbon steel in 3 % NaCl medium

The development of new corrosion inhibitors constitutes a significant endeavor for researchers. In this study, the efficacy of octacalcium phosphate (OCPa), an inorganic green corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in a 3% NaCl solution, was evaluated. This investigation marks the first application of this compound in a saline environment. The phosphate inhibitor was synthesized through a double aqueous decomposition process in an equimolar solution of water and ethanol, and subsequently characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), chemical analysis, and SEM/EDX to ascertain its properties and morphology. Meanwhile, the electrochemical behavior was investigated using techniques such as potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to assess the anticorrosive performance of the studied phosphates. Analysis of the carbon steel surface morphology of the resultant layer was conducted using SEM/EDX and FTIR. According to the electrochemical results, OCPa demonstrated an impressive inhibitory effect, with an efficiency reaching 93.1% at an optimal concentration of 50 ppm, exhibiting a cathodic type of inhibition. Moreover, the charge transfer resistance was found to be 2450 Ω.cm2 in the presence of 50 ppm of the inhibitor, as compared to 161.0 Ω.cm2 in the uninhibited solution. The thermodynamic parameters indicated an endothermic nature for the adsorption process in the presence of OCPa. Examination of the carbon steel surface morphology by SEM revealed the formation of a protective layer, serving to shield the metal from corrosion. The experimental findings underscore the potential of octacalcium phosphate as a promising inorganic green corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in saline environments, opening new avenues for the exploration and development of environmentally benign anti-corrosive substances.