Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency Research Articles

Exploring glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency trends: A comprehensive analysis of neonatal screening in the Albanian population

Exploring glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency trends: A comprehensive analysis of neonatal screening in the Albanian population

Associations between COVID-19 and Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Activity in Brazil.

Glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PDd) was suggested as a risk factor for severe disease in patients with COVID-19. We evaluated clinical outcomes and glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity during and after illness in patients with COVID-19. This prospective cohort study included adult participants (≥18 years old) who had clinical and/or radiological COVID-19 findings or positive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction results. Epidemiological and clinical data were extracted from electronic medical records. Glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase activity was measured using SD Biosensor STANDARD G6PD® equipment on admission and 1 year after discharge. Samples were genotyped for the three most common single nucleotide polymorphisms for G6PDd in the Brazilian Amazon. Seven hundred fifty-three patients were included, of whom 123 (16.3%) were G6PD deficient. There was no difference between groups regarding the risks of hospitalization (P = 0.740) or invasive mechanical ventilation (P = 0.31), but the risk of death was greater in patients with normal G6PD levels (P = 0.022). Only 29 of 116 participants (25%) carried the African G6PDd genotype. Of 30 participants tested as G6PD deficient during disease, only 11 (36.7%) results agreed 1 year after discharge. In conclusion, this study does not demonstrate an association of G6PDd with severity of COVID-19. Limitations of the test for detecting enzyme levels during COVID-19 illness were demonstrated by genotyping and retesting after the disease period. Care must be taken when screening for G6PDd in patients with acute COVID-19.

Newborn screening in Colombia: The experience of a private program in Bogotá

Introduction. The first neonatal screening program in Colombia – PREGEN – was set up in the medical private sector of Bogotá in 1988. We report the results from recent years that, given the scarcity of similar information in our country, may help estimate the frequency of the evaluated neonatal disorders and which ones should be included in the neonatal screening programs in our country. Objective. To describe the results of PREGEN´s newborn screening program between 2006 and 2019. Materials and methods. We analyzed databases and other informative documents preserved in PREGEN from the 2006-2019 period. Results. One in every 164 newborns screened in our program had an abnormal hemoglobin variant, and one in every 194 carried some hemoglobin S variant. Glucose-6- phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and congenital hypothyroidism are next as the more common disorders. Conclusions. Abnormal hemoglobin causes the most frequent monogenic disorder in the world. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency is the most common enzymopathy affecting nearly 400 million individuals worldwide. Since both disorders are more common in people of African descent and confer some resistance to malaria, we believe that screening for both disorders may be more relevant in the areas with African ancestry in our country.

An Unusual Presentation of Glucose Six Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency in a Toddler: A Case Report

ABSTRACT Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is the most common worldwide inherited red cell enzymopathy which may have a varied presentation. It usually comes to attention when exposed to oxidative agents leads to an acute hemolytic crisis with a sudden dip in hemoglobin levels. G6PD deficiency may also present as neonatal jaundice. Respiratory distress is an unusual presentation of G6PD deficiency especially when a respiratory infection is ruled out. We hereby present a case of G6PD deficiency in an 18-month-old toddler who presented with an acute hemolytic crisis with respiratory distress. The myriad of symptoms of G6PD deficiency must be kept in mind, and it is important that caution be exercised while prescribing oxidative drugs to patients with G6PD deficiency.

Navigating Surgical Challenges: Successful Robotic Radical Hysterectomy in a Patient with Glucose - 6 - Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency

Navigating Surgical Challenges: Successful Robotic Radical Hysterectomy in a Patient with Glucose - 6 - Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency

Hemolytic Anemia due to Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency Triggered by Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.

Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is expressed in all tissues and is necessary for the oxidant stress capacity of cells. G6PD deficiency is the most common enzymopathy in humans; it is among the important causes of hemolytic anemia. It has been reported that severe hemolytic anemia due to G6PD deficiency may develop in newly diagnosed diabetes, especially during the correction of hyperglycemia. To date, 9 cases have been described in the literature. Genetic analysis was not performed for G6PD deficiency in patients in the literature. We present a case of hemolytic anemia due to G6PD deficiency secondary to newly diagnosed diabetes.Genetic testing was performed for the index patient and revealed a previously reported missense pathogenic variant (c.653C>T; p.Ser218Phe) in G6PD gene.

Prevalence of Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency in Population of Gujarat - Report of 9184 Cases

Background: All humans have the Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase gene. Some people are born with a mutation of the Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase gene. Most of these individuals are asymptomatic but may exhibit non-immune hemolytic anemia, even severe anemia in response to exposure to certain environmental triggers, most commonly, infection or exposure to certain foods like fava beans (favism), medications or chemicals. G6PD deficiency is an X-linked disorder that primarily affects males. Heterozygous females do not usually develop severe hemolytic anemia due to G6PD deficiency. This study destined to reveal the prevalence of G6PD deficiency in south Gujarat population. Methods: This is a retrospective case study designed to assess the prevalence of G6PD deficiency in gujarat population, for patient requesting G6PD test at multiple collection center of Desai metropolis laboratory pvt ltd. between January 2022 to May 2023. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency analysis was done by Methylene dye blue test (Arkray MBK) – Qualitative method. All G6PD deficient patient confirmed by G6PD-quantitative (Kinetic method). Results: Total 9180 patients (5790 male and 3394 female) were included in this study. They were subsequently categorized into various subgroups and analysed properly. The incidence of G6PD deficiency in the selected sample frame of cases was 3.69 %. In which 4.11% of G6PD deficient cases belong to the male while the rest 2.98 % belong to the female. Conclusion: Therefore, to conclude whenever clinical and hematological findings raise the suspicion of glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, the disorder should be confirmed by quantitative/quantitative measurement of red blood cell enzyme activity in both male and female. There is also need for a large screening programme, especially in malaria endemic zones.

S1604 Severity and Impact of Glucose-6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency in Living Right Lobe Liver Donors Undergoing Right Lobe Hepatectomy

S1604 Severity and Impact of Glucose-6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency in Living Right Lobe Liver Donors Undergoing Right Lobe Hepatectomy

State of Newborn Care in Armed Forces Hospitals

Organized perinatal and newborn care in armed forces hospitals includes preconception and antenatal care, care during labor and childbirth, immediate newborn care, care of small and sick newborn including screening for hypoglycemia, care of healthy newborns in the first week including newborn screening for thyroid disorders, Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, universal hearing screening, and universal pulse oximetry. Neonatal mortality was 24.3% in less than 26 weeks (n = 37), 32.6% in neonates born between 26 weeks to 27+6 weeks (n = 95), 6.2% in neonates born between 28 weeks and 31+6 weeks (n = 242), 0.8% in 32 weeks to 36+6 weeks (n = 1890), and 0.1% in term neonates (n = 21,292). The comprehensive health care model in armed forces can be a model for other institutes and health systems for more effective neonatal health care.

Propensity score matched analysis and risk stratification of donors with G6PD deficiency in living donor liver transplantation.

Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency (G6PDd) can trigger hemolysis following surgical stress. Differentiating G6PDd-related post-operative hemolytic episodes (PHE) and post-hepatectomy liver failure may be challenging especially in living donors where donor safety is paramount. We analysed outcomes of our cohort of G6PDd liver donors. G6PDd individuals with no evidence of hemolysis were considered as living donors if there was no alternative family donor. Outcomes of G6PDd donors undergoing left lateral/left lobe donation (Group LL) and right lobe donation (Group RL) were compared with non-G6PDd donors matched in a 1:3 ratio using propensity score matching. 59 G6PDd donors (5.8% of 1011) underwent living donor hepatectomy (LiDH) during the study period. LL-G6PDd donors (22.37%) had higher post-operative peak bilirubin level compared to matched controls, but no difference in morbidity or need for post-operative blood transfusion.RL-G6PDd donors (37.63%) had higher peak bilirubin level, morbidity (16.2% vs. 3.6%, p = 0.017) and more post-operative blood transfusion (21.6% vs. 6.4%, p = 0.023) as compared to matched non-G6PDd cohort. Four RL-G6PDd donors (10.8%) developed PHE. Low G6PD activity (15% vs. 40%, p = 0.034) and lower future liver remnant (FLR) (34.3% vs. 37.8%, p = 0.05) were identified as risk factors for PHE. We report the largest to-date series of G6PDd individuals undergoing LiDH and confirm the safety of LL donation in G6PDd. Our analysis identifies specific risk factors for PHE and suggests that right lobe LiDH be avoided in individuals with less than 25% G6PD activity when the FLR is less than 36%.

Prevalence of Mediterranean Mutation of Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase in Children of Malak Din Khel Subtribe of Afridi

Objective: To determine the prevalence of Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency in the Malak Din Khel subtribe, the biggest subtribe of Afridi, with expectations of newer findings in the area of medicine and research.Study Design: Cross-sectional study.Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted in District Khyber from March 2018 to August 2018.Materials and Methods: The sample size of this study was 177 preschool-going children of 4-5 years of age. Multistage cluster sampling was done. Only resident families of Khyber Agency were selected. Children of age 04 to 05 years were enrolled in the study after consent from a parent/ guardian. Children with major comorbidities, non-consenting parents/ guardians, and children transfused in the last 24-48 hours were excluded from the study. 05 ml of blood was collected from each child. G6PD qualitative tests were performed in the field; rest of the tests were carried out later at Dabgari Garden “”in lab. PCR was processed according to protocol. Data were analyzed by SPSS 26.0.Results: A total sample size of 177 respondents were initially investigated through a qualitative test for G6PD deficiency. Among these, only 4 (2.3%) respondents were found to be G6PD deficient, The PCR analysis depicted that among 177 respondents, 31 (17.5%) were found to be mutant. Among these, 26(84%) were heterozygous, while 5 (16%) respondents were found to be homozygous. The PCR analysis further revealed that among the 5 homozygous respondents, 3 were found to be G6PD deficient, as also depicted by the qualitative test. One of the homozygous respondents, although found deficient by qualitative test, showed no Mediterranean mutation.Conclusion: Most studies done in Pakistan are hospital-based and the method for diagnosing is a qualitative test, but if the G6PD enzyme activity level is more than 30% qualitative test cannot pick the respondent as deficient. In our study, we ran qualitative tests on all respondents and only 4/177(2.3%), followed by PCR analysis for Mediterranean mutation of all samples, which showed that 31/177 (17.5%) were G6PD deficient. Further studies need to be conducted in the same manner to know the exact prevalence of G6PD. Detailed studies in other ethnic groups of the country must also be conducted to highlight the actual position of this threat.

CLINICOETIOLOGICAL STUDY OF HEMOLYTIC ANAEMIA IN CHILDREN PRESENTING TO A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OFKASHMIR

Anemia is said to be present when the hemoglobin levels are more than two standard deviations below the mean for the childs age and sex. Hemolytic anemias arise when red blood cells have decreased survival either due to an intrinsic abnormality of the cell or due to extrinsic factors or both. Hemolytic anemias constitute important cause of mortality and morbidity in developing countries. These group of anemias have various clinical presentations starting from their age of onset of symptoms, failure to thrive, anemia, jaundice, splenomegaly, cholelithiasis, cardiomegaly, congestive cardiac failure, severe life-threatening infections and chronic disabilities leading to distress in the families. The present study attempts to reveal the clinical and etiological profile of patients with different types of hemolytic anemia admitted in a pediatric tertiary care hospital of Kashmir. Review of literature shows only few epidemiological studies particularly in this part of the country, and no such study in our state though the disease is fairly prevalent. We undertook this study with this idea. Aims and Objectives: The aims and objectives of this study was to determine clinical and etiological profile of hemolytic anemia in children aged 1month to 18 years admitted in tertiary care hospital of Kashmir. Materiaals & Methods: This prospective observational study was carried out in a pediatric tertiary care hospital in Kashmir over a period of two years. Prior to initiation of study, ethical clearance was obtained. All patients admitted in the indoor of department of pediatrics between age group of 1 month to 18 years with evidence of hemolysis were included in the study. 50 cases were included in the study after obtaining written informed consent from parent or guardian. A detailed history, examination and required investigations were collected. Data was entered and assessed in MS Excel. Results: The study was based on 50 patients, almost equal males and females, 1month to 18 years of age. The most common hemolytic anemia was beta thalassemia major (n=17, 34%), followed by autoimmune hemolytic anemia(n=10,20%), hereditary spherocytosis (n=5,10%), thalassemia trait (8%), pyruvate kinase deficiency (8%) and glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (8%), thalassemia intermedia (4%), sickle cell trait (2%), microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (2%), hereditary xerosis (2%) and hereditary stomatocytosis (2%). Highest number of the cases was less than 3 years old (56%). The most common clinical presentation was jaundice, which was present in all cases, followed by splenomegaly (60%), hepatomegaly (30%), hemolytic facies (26%). Splenomegaly was seen in all cases of thalassemia major, thalassemia intermedia, beta thalassemia trait, hereditary spherocytosis, 2 cases of pyruvate kinase deficiency and 3 cases of glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. Spleen >5cm was seen in 10 patients. Massive splenomegaly with abdominal discomfort was seen in 3 cases. The mean hemoglobin was least in beta thalassemia major followed by beta thalassemia intermedia, Hereditary spherocytosis, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and the highest mean hemoglobin was seen in pyruvate kinase deficiency. Means for serum ferritin and serum bilirubin were calculated.

Identification of Glucose-6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficient Patients Using Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Using Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis in Aqueous Blood Samples.

Glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is an X-linked blood disease that affects 400 million people globally and is especially prevalent in malaria-endemic regions. A significant portion of carriers are asymptomatic and undiagnosed posing complications in the eradication of malaria as it restricts the types of drugs used for malaria treatment. A simple and accurate diagnosis of the deficiency is vital in the eradication of malaria. In this study, we investigate the potential of attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR FT-IR) as a diagnostic technique for G6PD deficiency. Venous blood samples were collected in lithium heparin anticoagulant tubes from G6PD partial and fully deficient volunteers, n = 17, and normal volunteers, n = 59, in Khon Kaen, Thailand. Spectra of aqueous and dry samples were acquired of whole blood, plasma, and red blood cells, and modeled using partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). PLS-DA modeling resulted in a sensitivity of 0.800 and specificity of 0.800 correctly classifying fully deficient participants as well as a majority of partially deficient females who are often misdiagnosed as normal by current screening methods. The viability of utilizing aqueous samples has always been hindered by the variability of hydration in the sample, but by employing multicurve curve resolution-alternating least squares to subtract water from each sample we are able to produce high-quality spectra with minimized water contributions. The approach shows proof of principle that ATR FT-IR combined with multivariate data analysis could become a frontline screening tool for G6PD deficiency by improving tailored drug treatments and ultimately saving lives.

Evaluation of Lymphocyte Subgroups in Children with Glucose-6- Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency.

Evaluation of Lymphocyte Subgroups in Children with Glucose-6- Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency.

Frequency of Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency in Neonates Presenting with Jaundice

Objective: Frequency of Glucose – 6- Phosphate Dehydrogenase deficiency in neonates presenting with jaundice Study design: A cross-sectional study Place and Duration: Pediatric department, civil hospital Karachi from January to June 2019 Methodology: The study included all infants who were hospitalized in the neonatology unit with jaundice. At the beginning of the trial, the parents of each neonate gave their assent after being assured that there would be no monitoring burden placed on the parents for the examinations. When entering the hospital, the researcher himself completed a predesigned proforma that asked for specific details about the patient's age, sex, ethnicity, jaundice onset age, consanguinity, and family history of G6PD deficiency. Investigations on newborns included measuring serum bilirubin and looking for signs of G6PD deficiency. (Estimation of G6PD enzymes). Sigma Diagnostic G6PD Reagent was used to estimate the G6PD enzymes for the qualitative, visual, and calorimetric assessment of G6PD deficit in red blood cells. When the sample's deep blue colour changes Results: 174 infants with jaundice in total were included during the study period. Participants in the study had an average age of 16.12 +/- 7.2 days. 95 (54.6%) of the 174 study participants were men, and the male-to-female ratio was 1.2:1. It started at an average age of 8.83.8 days. 79 (45.5%) out of a total of 117 (67.2%) participants are Pathans by consanguineous marriage. 23 (13.2%) of the 174 subjects were G6PD deficient. According to a stratified analysis, out of 23 G6PD-deficient newborns, 11 (47.8%) were between 1 and 11 days old, 19 (82.6%) were between 0 and 6 days old, and 14 (60.8%) had blood bilirubin levels below 15 mg/dl. Conclusion: It was concluded that G6PD is a common cause of neonatal jaundice in our setup. Keywords: Neonates, Jaundice, G6PD deficiency

Categorization of Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) Deficiency on the Basis of Enzyme Activity and its Clinico Haematological Correlation

Objective: To categorize glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency based on enzyme activity and its clinical haematological correlation. Methodology: This Cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Haematology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), Rawalpindi, from February 2022 to August 2022. Sampling was done using the nonprobability consecutive sampling technique. Test analysis included a complete blood picture, RBC morphology and reticulocyte count, G6PD quantitative test, and serum bilirubin. Thus, to categorize G6PDD based on its enzyme and clinic-haematological correlation, study included patients of both gender with an age ranging from 0-76 years. Descriptive statistics were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD) and categorical data were presented as frequency and percentage. Results: Out of 120 study participants, 30 (25%) were females and 90 (75%) were males. The mean age of study participants was 10.83±12.75. G6PD PCR was detected among participants having G6PD deficiency level <1 U/g Hb and between 2-3 U/gm Hb. Hb levels below 8g/dL were found only in individuals with G6PD deficiency levels <1 U/gm Hb. Conclusion: GDPD deficiency can be diagnosed by blood analysis comprising of complete blood count and RBC morphology aided by clinical correlation. The signs and symptoms increase in severity with a decline in GDPD enzyme function along with blood haemoglobin levels.

The potential role of vitamin E in patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

As an antioxidant, vitamin E (VitE) may benefit the erythrocytes by protecting glutathione from oxidation by free radicals and peroxide-generating processes. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement guidelines when reporting this systematic review. We searched 6 electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library) until May 8, 2022. We included all relevant studies. According to the study design, the Cochrane assessment tool (Risk of Bias 2), Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies - of Interventions checklists, and National Institutes of Health tools were used to assess the risk of bias.Continuous data were pooled as a mean difference (MD) with a relative 95% confidence interval. The protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022333848). Six studies were included in the meta-analysis with a total of 181 patients. Compared with the control group, VitE significantly improved the hemoglobin level for chronic hemolysis (MD = 2.72 g/dL, P < .0001) and for acute hemolysis (MD = 1.18 g/dL, P < .0001). It also decreased the reticulocyte level for chronic hemolysis (MD = -1.39 P < .0001) and for acute hemolysis (MD = -1.42%, P < .0001). For before and after studies, the use of VitE significantly improved the level of packed cell volume (MD = 0.56%, P < .00001), red blood cell half-life (MD = 2.19 days, P < .0001), and decreased the reticulocytes level (MD = -1.41%, P < .00001). Among patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, VitE might provide benefits such as increasing the hemoglobin, packed cell volume levels, red blood cell half-life, and decreasing the reticulocyte level, so reducing hemolysis. Further high-quality, well-designed randomized controlled trials are recommended.

Hemolytic crisis in 8-year-old known case of glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency secondary to Heliotropium curassavicum ingestion: a case report

Background: The genus Heliotropium encompasses plants that exhibit a variety of pharmacological properties. Even though this plant has many therapeutic uses, some portions of salt heliotrope contain high concentrations of pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA), which have been extremely hazardous substances that can seriously impair the liver of both humans and animals. Human poisoning cases are extremely uncommon. Symptoms of poisoning, which often include hemolytic jaundice, photosensitization, and eventually death. Case Presentation: An 8-year-old boy, with a known case of autism and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, presented to our institute complaining of vomiting and diarrhea after ingestion of a part of a leaf in the farm (Heliotropium Curassavicum); blood workup was ordered and it showed hemolytic anemia crisis and was managed by hydration and blood transfusion. Conclusion: This case adds to the literature by documenting an acute hemolytic anemia crisis due to the ingestion of H. curassavicum in an 8-year-old child who has been diagnosed with G6PD deficiency.

Perioperative management of a paediatric cardiac surgical patient with Glucose-6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase deficiency

Perioperative management of a paediatric cardiac surgical patient with Glucose-6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase deficiency

Assessment of Nurses' Knowledge about the Care of Children with Glucose-6- Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency

Background: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency is a genetic disorder that affects red blood cells, which carry oxygen from the lungs to tissues throughout the body. In affected individuals, a defect in an enzyme called glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase causes red blood cells to break down prematurely. This destruction of red blood cells is called hemolysis. Objectives: To assess of nurses knowledge regarding nursing care for children with Glucose-6- phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency at the maternity and child hospital in AL-Amara city to find out the relationship between the nurses knowledge and their demographic characteristics (age, gender, level of education, years of experience and training session. Methodology: A descriptive study assessment nurses' knowledge about Glucose-6- phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in children in child and birth hospital in Al-Amara city the present study was conducted for the period January 10th ,2022 to June 15,2022, the present study purposive sample comprised of (30) patients the questionnaire was a single section consisting of two parts. The first part was related to the demographic characteristics of the patients (age, gender, education level, social status) and the second part contains knowledge about the complications of the Glucose-6- phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. Results: The analysis of data is performed through the application of description statistic (frequency, percentage and arithmetic mean and standard deviations) and inferential statistical to present the differences between the study sample. Sample were within (21-25 years) ( the table also shows that the most of participants ( 27) 90% were female. Also In regarding to the subjects level of education, The results show that half of them has diploma in nursing in addition, years of experience years more than three quarters of nurses 25(83.4%) has (1-5 years) in the service. Addition, addition, the most of participants (25) 83.4% have training courses, and their most were number of training courses (1-5 sessions). Conclusion: The study concluded that the majority of participants have a high level of Nurses’ knowledge regarding nursing care for children with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase at the study sample. and there was no a significant relationship between nurses’ knowledge regarding nursing care for children with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and their and age. Recommendations: The study recommended that continuous education and periodic training programs for all nurses held periodically and continuously so that the aim of these courses is to raise the quality of the nursing services provided, and adoption of brochures that contain key knowledge that nurses should know regarding therapeutic interventions for children with Glucose-6- phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency.