Phonetic Spelling Research Articles

GLOBAL READING - (NON)CONVENTIONAL MODEL OF READING

Reading as a complex process is presented as an important factor for the proper organization of the general activity of the individual, and especially for his intellectual development. As a rather complicated activity, reading includes different psychological, social-ecological, as well as physical viewpoints. This "hitting" of the alphabetic code to determine the words and the construction of meaning from them, in an organized and systematized form, begins to develop in the first developmental cycle. From the phonetic awareness that helps to decode the word, students create a "visual dictionary". This visual image facilitates "seeing" and matching words to create meaning. Similar to the teaching of the spoken language that is presented as a complete form, and not with analysis and synthesis, the graphic representation of the read word is visualized in consciousness as an image, during which the meaning of the word also appears reflexively. Given that 65% of the population are visual learners, today the use of the whole word method is an unpretentious necessity. The whole word method stems from the premise that students living in this century are surrounded by technology and are in constant contact with written material. The basic unit of reading is the word, the graphic image of which is transmitted as a picture, so television announcements, computers, food labels, street advertising, and books are great causes and triggers of early literacy. Internet providers use the universality of symbols to make reading easy for everyone, including children who are in constant contact with this medium. Technology gives them the ability to read without knowing the letters, so they show awareness of the displayed symbols through computer tools. Although the Albanian language has a morphological structure and phonetic spelling, the use of this alternative model of reading is encountered more and more in school practice every day due to the need and many benefits which will be elaborated below in the paper. 50 children aged 6 years with different demographic characteristics were checked. The same approach is the checking of the skill to read words with the whole word and phonological method. The obtained results were processed with the t-test statistical method, results which allowed the findings presented which show a very pronounced difference.

French medical memes: Themes, language, functions

The study concerns the organisation and content of both the visual and verbal elements within the polycode text of French-language memes that pertain to medical discourse. The meme’s connection to medical discourse is established through its subject matter, the incorporation of medical symbols in its visual elements, and the inclusion of medical terminology in its written content. It also involves depicting communication scenarios between doctors, between doctors and patients, and between nursing staff and patients at both the image and text levels. The study’s novelty lies in its dual approach: firstly, it examines French memes as subjects for linguistic analysis, and secondly, it explores them as a genre of polycode text within medical discourse. The research material comprises 100 French memes centred on medical themes, obtained through continuous sampling from the internet. Study results revealed that memes pertaining to medical discourse are dynamic, viral, and eclectic texts that encapsulate the distinctive elements of institutional medical discourse. Thematically, the meme encompasses various medical topics and addresses social issues prevalent in France. Deciphering the author’s intention behind the meme relies on a layer-by-layer examination of how the idea is expressed through the polycode text, as well as an understanding of the sociocultural context that informs the text, which requires presuppositional knowledge on the part of the recipient. Linguo-cultural characteristics observed in the verbal component, as identified through the analysis, include the use of language play at phonetic and lexical levels, inclusion of colloquial and slang vocabulary alongside emotionally charged expressions within doctor-patient communication contexts, and the utilisation of phonetic spelling. The visual component of the polycode text in French medical memes is distinguished by the incorporation of elements from civilisational phenomena, such as political figures from the country, film protagonists, and globally recognised actors. The analysis revealed that the meme serves various functions including comedic, informative, compensatory, and appellative roles. The article constitutes a segment of a broader study examining polycode texts within medical discourse across multiple genres including memes, medical posters, and demotivators in languages such as Russian, French, English, Chinese, and Arabic.

What a difference a digraph made: phonetic spelling and the assimilation of the word “armada” in Early Modern English

What a difference a digraph made: phonetic spelling and the assimilation of the word “armada” in Early Modern English

Exploring the Impact of Phonetic Pronunciation Guides on Wine Choice and Perceived Sophistication

This study delves into an often-overlooked aspect of wine consumer decision-making – the desire to appear knowledgeable in social settings. Focusing on Texas wines, which are often less well known and more intimidating to say aloud, an exploratory survey examined the impact of phonetic guides on respondents’ choice of wine off a menu. Analysis through nominal logistic regression revealed the presence of phonetic guides as the most significant predictor, suggesting consumers feel pressure to appear knowledgeable or sophisticated. Respondents who were provided menus with phonetic spellings were more inclined to choose wines with intimidating names. The inclusion of phonetic spellings not only reduced the perceived risk in ordering the wine but also served an educational role. By recognizing the influence of social factors, such as a consumer’s perceived sophistication, this study recommends establishments enhance menus with phonetic guides to empower consumers in making confident, informed choices.

The Effect of Phonetic Vowel Spelling Variances on Singers' Performed Vowel

The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which various phonetic spellings of a single vowel can influence singers' performed vowel, and to explore whether the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) may provide an alternative to phonetic spelling in sheet music. I prepared two short, sight-singable melodies of similar range and difficulty; one had vowels written as IPA symbols under the staff, including the /u/ vowel, while the other had the vowels written out phonetically, including two occurrences of the /u/ vowel, spelled in two different ways ("oo" and "ooh"). Each participant (N=41) performed both conditions in a randomized order. I recorded their performances and used the linguistics software Praat to analyze the frequencies of the first and second formants (F1 and F2) for each condition. I found no significant differences in formant frequencies between the conditions. In their exit survey responses, many participants indicated that they recognized a difference in the pronunciation of "oo" and "ooh." Participants also indicated a slight, though not significant, preference for phonetic spelling over IPA. These results suggest that while some singers believe that "oo" and "ooh" should be sung differently, this belief is not reflected in their performance. Results also suggest that IPA is no better at eliciting a specific pronunciation than either phonetic spelling, and is not recommended as a replacement to phonetic spelling in sheet music. I discuss the implications of these findings for choral teachers and composers, and suggest avenues for further research.

Decoding the Challenges: A Study of English Writing Errors Among EFL Students

This study focused on analyzing the common errors made by students in their English writing skills. The study employed a descriptive research design, involving 100 EFL university students as participants. The primary data collection method was a writing test, and the collected data were analyzed using error analysis techniques. The findings showed that the most common errors made by the students were related to grammar, vocabulary, and spelling. The most common grammatical errors were associated with subject-verb agreement, verb tense, and articles. In terms of vocabulary errors, the study identified prevalent mistakes such as the incorrect use of word forms, inappropriate collocations, and confusion between homophones. Additionally, the analysis of spelling errors revealed that phonetic spelling mistakes were the most common, followed by misspelling of homophones and confusion of vowels. These findings highlight areas where students commonly struggle with their English writing skills and emphasize the crucial need for targeted instructional strategies to effectively address these challenges and improve students' proficiency in English writing.

Icono: a universal language that shows what it says.

This article lays out the foundation of a new language for easier written communication that is inherently reader-friendly and inherently international. Words usually consist of strings of sounds or squiggles whose meanings are merely a convention. In Icono, instead, they typically are strings of icons that illustrate what they stand for. "Train," for example, is expressed with the icon of a train, "future" with the icon of a clock surrounded by a clockwise arrow, and "mammal" with the icons of a cow and a mouse-their combination's meaning given by what they have in common. Moreover, Icono reveals sentence structure graphically before, rather than linguistically after, one begins reading. On smartphones and computers, writing icons can now be faster than writing alphabetic words. And using simple pictures as words helps those who struggle with conditions like dyslexia, aphasia, cerebral palsy, and autism with speech impairment. Because learning its pronunciation or phonetic spelling is optional rather than a prerequisite, and because it shows what it says, Icono is bound to be easier to learn to read-and then easier to read-than any other language, including our own.

Adult Supports for Preschool Writers During Learning Centers

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to describe how experienced emergent writing teachers supported 4‐year‐olds in writing their own messages during the learning centers period of the preschool day. Data were drawn from two, year‐long qualitative studies of early writing instruction. Adult participants were three researcher‐teachers who worked in publicly funded prekindergarten classrooms 1 or 2 days per week across a school year. A sample of six open‐ended, researcher‐child writing events were selected and microanalyzed using the constant/comparative method and multimodal interaction analysis. Results showed that more than a fourth of adult message units were produced in conversations occurring “off the page” aimed at developing a shared, meaningful topic for writing. Drawing was used as a platform for developing ideas and as a launch for page‐based composing. Adults wrote their own texts alongside children as a means of engaging children as co‐authors and providing demonstrations of adult writing. Adults frequently invited children to write messages related to their play and activity, and then asked them to read their writing. They provided direct support for writing processes. Support for children's phonetic spelling was most frequent, followed by support for writing concepts. Handwriting support was provided infrequently. Adults praised all attempts at writing, regardless of the conventionality of the product. Findings provide an empirical description of how adults can support early writing in the context of informal learning center events.

Texting as a language tool in academic writing: A study of EFL learners’ output at Qassim University, KSA

Leaners in the EFL paradigm struggle to achieve communicative proficiency with writing being the skill most challenging to them. However, in the technologically driven generation of learners, the specialized register seen in their texting language affords them language flexibility with lack of proficiency being compensated with its features. This study verifies how far the academic writing of 48 Saudi EFL male learners across three years of undergraduate studies is affected by the text messaging (textese) register. A deep analysis of randomly selected class notes, assignments, and exam papers was underetaken. Results showed that the Saudi learners' textese is characterized by vowel dropping (48%) and phonetic replacement (32%) amongst other features. Textese was apparent higher with second year participants which occurred 580 times, followed by third year corpus which appeared 552 times. Their occurrence was least in the first year amongst the three groups. Their non-standard English occurred 549 times. Finally, the maximum occurrence of this deformed language is in the modified (and abbreviated) spelling, heightened use of phonetic spelling, abbreviated and acronymical forms amounting to free moving syntax. The absence of this in the exam papers establishes the fact that use of this truncated form of language does not adversely affect the learners’ exam performance, rather it is used much like the earlier generation used shorthand with the difference that in the former the user need not take any training. Thus, Textese is a language affiliate more than a language substitute for the Saudi EFL learners and may have beneficial learning outcomes in the long run.

Anti-Speciesist Interiority? Jerzy Skolimowski's EO and the Limits of Human Imagination

Anti-Speciesist Interiority?Jerzy Skolimowski's EO and the Limits of Human Imagination Eileen G'Sell (bio) [A]nimals are not lesser humans; they are other worlds whose otherworldliness must not be disenchanted and cut to our size, but must be respected for what it is. —Barbara Noske, Humans and Other Animals: Beyond the Boundaries of Anthropology It isn't often that six Sardinian donkeys star in one of the most critically acclaimed dramas of the year. A New York Times "Critic's Pick," winner of the Cannes Jury Prize, and Poland's official submission for the 2023 Academy Awards, Jerzy Skolimowski's EO is as visually daring as it is, quite often, thematically disturbing. Less a story about a donkey (played by six different animal actors) named "EO" (the Polish phonetic spelling of a bray) than a loosely connected series of vignettes from said donkey's perspective, the film sojourns with its humble hero from a flailing one-ring circus across a motley range of rural locales. EO is patted, feted, and paraded about; he is also confined, neglected, and brutally attacked. Not since Robert Bresson's 1966 Au Hasard Balthasar, upon which EO is roughly based, has a donkey's existential concerns become so much our own. (Martin McDonagh's 2022 tragicomedy Banshees of Inisherin might run second, followed by Disney's 1978 animated The Small One, whose eponymous lead, let's not forget, was almost sold to a tanner and wound up hauling the Virgin Mary on his back.) Light on dialogue and rich with cinematographer Michal Dymek's point-of-view shots taken at the creature's eye level, EO resonates most when inviting us to experience its protagonist's travails as foreign from human reach, while insisting his experience is, morally, of a piece with our own. But as much as the donkey's interiority reigns supreme, it is reined in by our own infernally human set of assumptions about autonomy, freedom, and happiness. Rather than praise the film for what it reveals about human nature—dark as it is, especially with respect to the treatment of all other animals—we learn more from EO for all it suggests we cannot know. Suffused with a hypnotic red strobe light, the opening scene visually anticipates the many others in which EO endures trauma: he has collapsed mid-act with his beloved Kasandra (Sandra Drzymalska), the waifish [End Page 155] acrobat with whom he performs. Hooves aloft as she conducts a form of mouth-to-mouth, the donkey is resuscitated, standing up to the sound of rapt applause. When the circus goes bankrupt—possibly as a result of public protests against its animal abuse—EO is, like his other creature coworkers, repossessed, and ripped from the one person who has shown him tenderness. "Don't you touch him!" Kasandra threatens the ringmaster, who whips the donkey when he refuses to pull his cart. EO's sole defender, she is pushed by the face out of her boss's way, faring only mildly better, as a woman, than her equine friend. Of course, liberating a group of animals trained for the circus by the circus does little to ensure any quality of life once that circus no longer exists. If anything, EO suggests the donkey might have had it best when he was touring alongside a companion he cared for, and who cared for him in return. For much of the film, we're encouraged through flashbacks to assume that he remembers and misses Kasandra, his desire to escape so many gates and fences a desire to find her again. These moments are certainly moving—who doesn't want to think their animal companion would pine for them?—but it is just as likely EO is simply seeking out the scents and sounds with which he's most familiar, discontent to stick around the stables, farms, and pens in which he is sheltered in exchange for his physical work. When Kasandra pays him a surprise late-night visit, swigging from a bottle of beer as she dismounts her boyfriend's motorbike, EO accepts her carrot muffin gift, but no less gratefully than he chomps the hay handed to...

THE MAIN BASIS OF HIS ACTIVITY IS UKRAINIANISM (To the political beliefs of Stepan Smal-Stotsky)

The foundations of the formation of Stepan Smal-Stotskyi's national beliefs are considered, in particular, his fascination with national ideas, his involvement in active work in the field of Ukrainianism in his student years, his participation in political and educational activities, as well as his serious pursuit of scientific and teaching work. Emphasis is placed on his expertise in the pedagogical field, energetic cooperation in the social, political and cultural and educational life of Bukovyna. His great contribution to the development of schooling in the region, in significant economic support to the Bukovyna peasantry, was noted. The ambassador's Diet and parliamentary activity in defending the national and political interests of Ukrainians of Bukovyna, in particular in supporting and strengthening the national forces, unity, independence of the Ukrainian people, expanding democratic freedoms and the network of Ukrainian schools, free education in all educational institutions, was emphasized. Emphasis is placed on the participation of S. Smal-Stotskyi in the creation of a political party, his journalistic and editorial work, his understanding of the Ukrainophiles movement, the outline of the tasks and theoretical foundations of the Ukrainophiles, and answers to the most pressing questions of the Ukrainian national movement.It has been asserted about his irreconcilable position towards Moscophiles, their harmfulness to the Ukrainian movement, his rejection of any possibility of class struggle for Ukrainians, opposing it to national liberation. The scientific achievements of the professor are highlighted, in particular, regarding the introduction of phonetic spelling in Ukrainian educational institutions of Galicia and Bukovyna, regarding the study of the history of the native region, the publication of a number of socio-political works. Emphasis is placed on close ties with Ukrainian and foreign scientists, cultural and educational figures. Particular attention is paid to the great national awareness and cultural and educational work of S. Smal-Stotsky among the Ukrainian prisoners of war of the Russian army in the camps of Austria-Hungary and Germany during the First World War. His work during the ZUNR period, at the Ukrainian Free University, in the creation of the Museum of the Liberation Struggle of Ukraine, and his participation in the work of various Ukrainian public and cultural organizations in the 1930s are revealed. Keywords: Stepan Smal-Stotskyi, Bukovyna, Ukrainian language, scientific work,cultural and educational activity, SVU (The Union for the Liberation of Ukraine).

The Heavenly Field: A Reconsideration of Mother Earth in the Æcerbot Rite

The Heavenly Field: A Reconsideration of Mother Earth in the <i>Æcerbot</i> Rite

Phonetic spellings in the Late Modern English dialect of the Isle of Wight (based on EDD Online)

AbstractPhonetic spelling was common practice in English dialect texts until the API (English: IPA), in 1893, launched its normative signs of transcription. Nevertheless, phonetic spellings have rarely been studied, the least in dialects. This paper ventures to trace some of the immanent norms and the sound functions of some phonetic spellings in the Isle of Wight during the Late Modern English period. The investigation is mainly based on data retrieved from EDD Online, which allows for sophisticated aggregate queries so that spelling practices can be quantified and mapped. The paper focuses on spellings unique to the island, such as double a, e, and o before another vowel, that is, in diphthongs, and u-spellings for schwa in posttonic syllables. The figures for non-unique features, such as voicing of fricatives, are normalized and allow for correlation to other counties. In sum, the Isle of Wight accent was marked by its typical “drawl.”

From Private Dreams to Public Damnings

From Private Dreams to Public Damnings

Cajun Music: A Reflection of a People. Volume II

Cajun Music: A Reflection of a People. Volume II

Phonetic Spelling of Javanese Speakers in Karangpaten Village

It is undeniable that times are always changing. For this reason, everyone must continue to learn to keep a store of development. The benefit of learning is to provide up-to-date information and news to people. If we don’t know the latest information about what happens the in the world, the younger generations may lead, for instance, in e. This descriptive qualitative study focuses on the description of the English phonetic spelling system spoken by the speakers of JavathJava the backgroundconnotesconotes that such speakers of certain regional backgrounds possess the identic sound and preferential native language. This studescribeption of the phonetic spelling with the Java native language through the phonetic method to the villagers of Karangtapen village Lamongan. In this study, the researchers have three objectives: (a) to know the kinds of consonants and vowels features that are different, (b) to understand the common characteristics of pronunciation, and (c) to distinguish sh the effect of staying in a village and a often going for pronunciation.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: phonetic, spelling, Javanese

Effects of Phonological Features on Texting Styles: Future Directions

This paper aims to investigate the effect of phonological features on online written text messages. Data were collected from ninety ESL Indian students at Aligarh Muslim University with regards to their Facebook-based chats. The dataset was fed into SPSS for analysis. Major findings showed that the respondents tend to use vowel deletion, the substitution of numbers for phones, words represented by a single letter and overuse of sounds to represent phonology in their written text messages. With this in mind, the study yielded evidence that texting reverses the previous studies that spelling first and then phonology. That is to say, this study revealed that phonology affects the way of writing online text messages. This study also showed that phonology is used in the written forms and that Facebook users sometimes reject to follow the standard spelling of English and write the words as they are pronounced, not as they are written in standard English. Keywords: internet linguistics, netSpeak, phonetic spelling, phonological features, textSpeak, Webspeak

'Intel Acat' Assistive Platform for Arabic Speaking Disabled People: a Complete Integration.

Background:The Intel Assistive Context-Aware Toolkit (ACAT) is the highly configurable platform used by Dr. Stephen Hawking to communicate with his environment. After being released freely to the public, we, at the Embedded Systems Laboratory - UBMA, have been working on integrating the Arabic language on the different packages of the platform in order to make it accessible for disabled people from Arabic countries and decrease their communication limitations.Objective:This subproject concerns the Arabic Text-to-speech engine implementation and comes as a final step toward the full integration of the Arabic language into Intel ACAT assistive platform.Methods:The text to speech conversions was integrated by implementing a mapping between the Arabic words and their phonetic spelling using Microsoft Text-To-Speech Synthesis on Intel ACAT modules and extensions. A full compilation was then executed and tested gathering all the modules and the features of the platform.Results:Over this final integration step (which is freely accessible and open sourced for the public), people with severe disabilities from Arabic-speaking countries will have fully access to all the features of the ACAT platform and will be able communicate and interact easily with their computers.Conclusion:The Arabic language Text-to-speech engine integration on ‘Intel ACAT’ Assistive Platform is the final milestone of our project toward making the platform fully accessible for Arabic-Speaking users and comes after our previous integrations of the Arabic language into the keyboard, the intelligent predictive text engine and all panels and interfaces of the platform.

Incorporation of Arebica in Sandzak and its significance in the process of Muslim womens’ education

Arebica is mentioned in the literature in the context of Aljamiado literature, considering that Aljamiado literature was written in this script (a form of Aebica adapted to the phonetic spelling of the Serbian and Bosnian languages, used mainly by Muslims). Aljamiado literature, as well as religious and other literature, were printed in Arebica. Thus, in some schools in Sandzak, even in the last decade of the 20th century, Arebica was still used. In this paper, it will be demonstrated how the Arebica was created, how it was used in Sandzak and the role it played in the literacy of Muslim women in the 20th century, considering their departure from ?secular? schools. The aim of this study is to survey the use of the Arebica among the Muslim population in Serbia from the perspective of the education in the 20th century with a special emphasis on the women, but also to recall the circumstances that contributed to the existence of a special culture of language and writing which will remain in our region until the end of the 20th century. In addition to the scientific literature, the paper will also present transcripts based on conversations with interlocutors in the field (Tutin, Novi Pazar and Pester Municipality).

Rozwinięcie europejskiej myśli językoznawczej w projekcie reformy ortografii serbskiej Savy Mrkalja

In 1810, Sava Mrkalj presented a project to reform Serbian orthography, previ­ously based on the spelling of the Church Slavonic language, in his treatise Salo debeloga jera libo azbukoprotres. The work then inspired numerous linguists, in­cluding Vuk Karadžić who based his own model of a new Serbian orthography mainly on the treatise. Mrkalj’s project draws on earlier concepts by European grammarians such as Antoine Arnauld, Claude Lancelot and, above all, Johann Christoph Adelung, author of the “write as you speak” principle; however, Mrkalj does not merely repeat the theses of his predecessors – rather, he develops them in a creative way and finds new logical justifications. Contemporary Serbian or­thography, based on the foundations laid by Mrkalj, is informed by developments of European linguistic thought, and constitutes one of the few examples of actual phonetic spelling.