Phobic Anxiety Research Articles

Psychological symptoms in Multiple Sclerosis and the role of marital status: results from a retrospective single-center study

BackgroundMarried people have, on average, better mental health than no married people. Psychological symptoms as anxiety and depression occur frequently in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), increasing the severity of neurologic disability. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the relationship between functional disability and psychological symptoms differentiating by marital status. MethodsIn this study 150 MS outpatients without a history of psychological disorders were selected from the hospital database. The outpatient procedure for all patients includes the administration of the Expanded Disability Status Scale and the questionnaire Symptoms Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) a multidimensional self-report inventory, consisting of 90 items covering nine clinical dimensions: somatization (SOM), obsessive-compulsive (OC), interpersonal sensitivity (IS), depression (DEP), anxiety (ANX), hostility (HOS), phobic anxiety (PHOB), paranoid ideation (PAR), psychoticism (PSY), and three global indices of distress: global severity index (GSI), positive symptoms total (PST) and positive symptom distress index (PSDI). According to marital status, subjects were subdivided in single, married (including cohabitants), and divorced (including separated). A nonparametric group comparisons analysis was performed, as well as multivariate analysis which included generalized linear regression models. ResultsRegression results showed that functional disability was a significant predictor for all SCL- 90-R subscales. Moreover, it would seem that the single condition might be a protective factor for the development of psychological symptoms in SM patients. Notably, findings showed that younger subjects were predominantly single and had less psychological symptoms, whereas patients with greater psychological alterations were older in a stable affective couple relationship, presenting an elevation in depression, anxiety, somatization and compulsive, and obsessive scales. ConclusionNumerous factors contribute to the onset of psychological disorders in multiple sclerosis. Marriage does not represent a protective factor for the development of psychological symptoms in SM patients. Future investigation is needed to ascertain the prevalence and underlying causes of psychological symptoms.

Prevalence of Psychiatric Morbidity and Alcohol use Disorders Among Adolescent Indigenous Tribals from Three Indian States.

Among the Indian adolescents, the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity and alcohol use disorders (AUD) are 7.3% and 1.3%. However, no separate data are available for indigenous tribal populations. This study estimated the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity and AUD and associated socio-demographic factors among adolescents in the tribal communities in three widely varying states in India. Using validated Indian versions of the MINI 6.0, MINI Kid 6.0, and ICD-10 criteria, we conducted a cross-sectional survey from January to May 2019 in three Indian sites: Valsad, Gujarat (western India); Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu (south India); and East Khasi Hills district of Meghalaya (north-east India) on 623 indigenous tribal adolescents. Aggregate prevalence of any psychiatric morbidity was 15.9% (95% CI: 13.1-19.0) (males: 13.6%, 95% CI: 10.0-18.1; females: 17.9%, 95% CI: 13.9-22.6), with site-wise statistically significant differences: Gujarat: 23.8% (95% CI: 18.1-30.2), Meghalaya: 17.1% (95% CI: 12.4-22.7), Tamil Nadu: 6.2% (95% CI: 3.2-10.5). The prevalence of diagnostic groups was mood disorders 6.4% (n = 40), neurotic- and stress-related disorders 9.1% (n = 57), phobic anxiety disorder 6.3% (n = 39), AUD 2.7% (n = 17), behavioral and emotional disorders 2.7% (n = 17), and obsessive-compulsive disorder 2.2% (n = 14). These differed across the sites. The prevalence of psychiatric morbidity in adolescent tribals is approximately twice the national average. The most common psychiatric morbidities reported are mood (affective) disorders, neurotic- and stress-related disorders, phobic anxiety disorder, AUD, behavioral and emotional disorders, andobsessive-compulsive disorder.

Incidence rates of treated mental disorders before and during the COVID-19 pandemic—a nationwide study comparing trends in the period 2015 to 2021

BackgroundThere is a concern that exposure to psychosocial stressors during the COVID-19 pandemic may have led to a higher incidence of mental disorders. Thus, this study aimed to compare trends in incidence rates of depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and eating disorders in primary- and specialist health care before (2015–2019) and during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020–2021).MethodsWe used aggregated population registry data to calculate incidence rates of mental disorders from primary- (The Norwegian Control and Payment of Health Reimbursements Registry (KUHR)) and specialist (The Norwegian Patient Registry (NPR)) health care. The analyses included all Norwegian residents aged 18–65 during the study period. Incident cases were defined as having no previous registration with the same mental disorder in KUHR (from 2006) or NPR (from 2008). We used linear prediction models and mean models to compare incidence rates and test trends before and during the pandemic.ResultsDuring the pandemic, the incidence rates among women were higher or as predicted for OCD in specialist health care and for eating disorders in both primary- and specialist health care. These findings were strongest among women aged 18–24 years. Incidence rates for depression and phobia/OCD among both genders in primary health care and phobic anxiety disorders among both genders in specialist health care were lower or as predicted.ConclusionThe COVID-19 pandemic may have led to more women needing treatment for OCD and eating disorders in the Norwegian population. The decreased incidence rates for some disorders might indicate that some individuals either avoided seeking help or had improved mental health during the pandemic.

Conspiracy Theories, Trust in Science, and Knowledge during the Third Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Cyprus.

Conspiracy theories flourish during periods of crisis. One way to counteract the believability of conspiracy theories is trust in science and knowledge about the "perceived threat", such as the SARS-CoV-2 virus. A total of 363 adults from Cyprus were recruited via convenience and snowball sampling methods. The data were collected via an internet-based questionnaire that examined participants' belief in 17 conspiracy theory statements, trust in science and scientists, knowledge about the symptoms and the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, phobic anxiety, hostility, somatization, and personality traits based on the Big Five. The results suggest (a) the overall belief in conspiracy theories in Cyprus is low, even though a notable percentage holds a neutral stance towards these theories; (b) trust in science and knowledge about the symptoms and the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is negatively related to conspiracy theories, indicating the importance of trusting science and having knowledge as a means to counteract conspiracy theories; (c) young adults, those residing in rural areas, and those with a low education level are more likely to believe in conspiracy theories; (d) there are no significant associations between conspiracy theories and the psychological dimensions of phobic anxiety, hostility, and somatization; (e) there is difficulty in identifying specific traits related to conspiracy ideation. Public health officials could benefit from the findings when communicating information during periods of crisis.

Gender differences in the associations between childhood adversity and psychopathology in the general population.

To explore gender differences of the associations between childhood adversity (CA) subtypes and psychiatric symptoms in the general population. Data of 791 participants were retrieved from a general population twin cohort. The Symptom Checklist-90 Revised (SCL-90) and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire were used to assess overall psychopathology with nine symptom domains scores and total CA with exposure to five CA subtypes, respectively. The associations between CA and psychopathology were analyzed in men and women separately and were subsequently compared. Total CA was associated with total SCL-90 and all symptom domains without significant gender differences. However, the analyses of CA subtypes showed that the association between emotional abuse and total SCL-90 was stronger in women compared to men [χ2(1) = 4.10, P = 0.043]. Sexual abuse was significantly associated with total SCL-90 in women, but emotional neglect and physical neglect were associated with total SCL-90 in men. Exploratory analyses of CA subtypes and SCL-90 subdomains confirmed the pattern of gender-specific associations. In women, emotional abuse was associated with all symptom domains, and sexual abuse was associated with all except phobic anxiety and interpersonal sensitivity. In men, emotional neglect was associated with depression, and physical neglect was associated with phobic anxiety, anxiety, interpersonal sensitivity, obsessive-compulsive, paranoid ideation, and hostility subdomains. CA is a trans-syndromal risk factor regardless of gender. However, differential associations between CA subtypes and symptom manifestation might exist. Abuse might be particularly associated with psychopathology in women, whereas neglect might be associated with psychopathology in men.

A naturalistic pilot study exploring the differences between fragile and resistant patients in ISTDP

IntroductionIntensive Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy (ISTDP) defines two spectra of patients based on the patients’ capacity to tolerate anxiety and complex emotions. Resistant patients have a better capacity to tolerate affective stimulus compared to fragile patients. There is, however, little empirical evidence that supports this categorization. This exploratory study seeks to identify reliable differences between 330 resistant and 88 fragile patients. MethodsTo assess which category patients belong to, therapists conducted a specific psychodiagnostic assessment of patients when entering psychotherapy. Patients selfreported on the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) and the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP). Independent samples t-tests estimated differences between psychodiagnostic categories on self-reported measurements. ResultsFragile patients scored significantly higher on five IIP subscales and all BSI subscales, barring “Paranoid Ideation”. As symptom distress might mask underlying pathological processes, we used a matching procedure to compare resistant and fragile patients with the same level of symptom distress, before repeating estimation of differences between the categories. Fragile patients scored significantly higher only on the BSI somatization subscale as well as on three items from the BSI somatization subscale, and one item from each of three other BSI subscales (i.e., “Phobic anxiety”, “Anxiety”, “Psychoticism”). LimitationsThe study used generic psychometric instruments. A specific psychometric instrument developed according to ISTDP theory would likely be more suited to capture group differences. ConclusionsThe results provide support for the notion that fragile patients in general experience more psychological distress and specifically suffer from more somatization and additionally anxiety, phobic anxiety and psychoticism symptoms.

Metabolomics and Self-Reported Depression, Anxiety, and Phobic Symptoms in the VA Normative Aging Study.

Traditional approaches to understanding metabolomics in mental illness have focused on investigating a single disorder or comparisons between diagnoses, but a growing body of evidence suggests substantial mechanistic overlap in mental disorders that could be reflected by the metabolome. In this study, we investigated associations between global plasma metabolites and abnormal scores on the depression, anxiety, and phobic anxiety subscales of the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) among 405 older males who participated in the Normative Aging Study (NAS). Our analysis revealed overlapping and distinct metabolites associated with each mental health dimension subscale and four metabolites belonging to xenobiotic, carbohydrate, and amino acid classes that were consistently associated across all three symptom dimension subscales. Furthermore, three of these four metabolites demonstrated a higher degree of alteration in men who reported poor scores in all three dimensions compared to men with poor scores in only one, suggesting the potential for shared underlying biology but a differing degree of perturbation when depression and anxiety symptoms co-occur. Our findings implicate pathways of interest relevant to the overlap of mental health conditions in aging veterans and could represent clinically translatable targets underlying poor mental health in this high-risk population.

Scoping review of the hardware and software features of virtual reality exposure therapy for social anxiety disorder, agoraphobia, and specific phobia

Introduction: The use of virtual reality technology to deliver exposure therapy in the treatment of phobic anxiety (i.e., social anxiety disorder, agoraphobia, and specific phobia) has been proposed to be advantageous compared with in-vivo exposure therapy. These supposed advantages depend on the features of the virtual reality technology and how it is used therapeutically. Therefore, the aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive overview of the features of the hardware and software used in studies examining virtual reality exposure therapy studies for phobic anxiety disorders.Methods: 70 studies using virtual reality exposure therapy to treat social anxiety disorder, agoraphobia and/or specific phobia, were systematically reviewed for 46 data points relating to these features.Results: We found that studies generally did not utilize contemporary virtual reality technology and that hardware and software features were inconsistently delineated.Discussion: The implications of these findings are that the use of modern virtual reality technology represents a relevant frontier in anxiety treatment and that a framework for reporting technical features of virtual reality exposure interventions would benefit the field.

The Effectiveness of Remote Psychological Support During the Italian COVID-19 Lockdown

Abstract. The aim of the present study was to address the psychopathological impact of the interruption of traditional mental care during the COVID-19 lockdown on a group of public psychology service (PPS) users. For this purpose, a sample of 17 individuals requesting psychotherapeutic treatment within an Italian PPS was selected. Symptoms of psychopathologies were measured before and after the lockdown period. The investigation explored the effects of remote support, and the possible influence of adverse childhood experiences, dissociation, somatoform symptoms, and maladaptive personality traits. The results of this study showed that patients who continued with their psychological treatment by means of remote technological supports, resumed their in-person sessions showing a significant reduction of global psychopathological symptoms, anxiety, and phobic anxiety. The results also suggest that dissociative tendencies and maladaptive personality traits prevented symptomatic improvement. Finally, it was found that symptomatic improvement was favored by an absence of subjective distress during the lockdown. Implications for public services are discussed.

Gut-Brain Interaction Disorders and Anorexia Nervosa: Psychopathological Asset, Disgust, and Gastrointestinal Symptoms.

Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are very common in subjects with eating disorders (EDs). This study aimed to (a) investigate the prevalence of gut-brain interaction disorders (DGBIs) in anorexia nervosa (AN) patients, according to ROME IV criteria; and (b) explore AN psychopathological assets and disgust that might impact GI symptoms. Thirty-eight female patients consecutively diagnosed with untreated AN (age 19.32 ± 5.59) in an outpatient clinic devoted to EDs underwent Eating Disorder Inventory-3 (EDI-3), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Social Phobia Anxiety Scale (SPAS), Body Uneasiness Test (BUT), and Disgust Scale (DS) questionnaires. The presence of DGBIs was evaluated and GI symptoms were assessed using a standardized intensity-frequency questionnaire. A total of 94.7% of our sample met the diagnostic criteria for functional dyspepsia (FD), of which 88.8% presented the postprandial distress syndrome (PDS) subtype and 41.6% presented the epigastric pain syndrome (EPS) subtype. In addition, 52.6% of the sample met the diagnostic criteria for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), while for functional constipation (FC), prevalence reached 7.9%. All participants presented a pathological score on the disgust scale. Significant correlations were found between several GI symptoms and psychopathological asset and disgust. AN is a multifactorial disorder. It is necessary to implement studies with an integrated approach, taking into account DGBIs, as well as to monitor the emotional-cognitive structure that acts as a factor in maintaining the disorder.

Mental Health of Primary and Secondary School Teachers in the Remote Mountain Areas.

Background and objective: Teaching is widely recognized as a highly stressful profession. Job stress leads to emotional exhaustion, which in turn triggers teacher attrition. The cost is estimated as USD 2.2 billion annually for teacher dropouts. It is therefore important to understand the mental state of teachers and the factors that may influence it in order to provide the appropriate early intervention. In the past, more attention has been paid to the mental status of teachers in economically developed cities, but less research has been conducted in remote cities. In this study, we selected primary and secondary school teachers in a typical area to assess their mental health, thereby contributing to the development of effective mental health education programs for teachers in primary and secondary schools. Materials and methods: In this study, 1102 teachers from a typical city in Ningxia Province, characterized by remote mountain areas, minority communities, and a low economic level, participated. The mental status of the teachers was assessed by a Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90). The effects of gender, age, level of education, place of work, and marital status on the total SCL-90 score were recorded and compared. The subscale scores of the SCL-90 and the differences among the respondents with various characteristics were analyzed. Results: In total, 1025 data were valid and used for statistical analysis. The effective rate of this study was 93.01%. The analysis showed that 25.17% of the subjects had possible mental problems. There were significant differences in age and marital status (p < 0.001). The score of teachers less than 30 years old was lower than that of other teachers (p = 0.001 vs. 30-39; p < 0.001 vs. 40-49; p < 0.001 vs. ≥50). The no-marriage teachers had the lowest score than the married group or others (p < 0.001 vs. married; p < 0.05 vs. others). Compared to the norm, teachers' mental status was poor, especially in somatization (p < 0.001), obsessive-compulsive symptoms (p < 0.001), depression (p < 0.001), anxiety (p < 0.001), hostility (p < 0.001), phobic anxiety (p < 0.001), and psychosis (p < 0.001). There were gender differences in obsessive-compulsive symptoms (p < 0.05) and depression (p < 0.05). Conclusions: These data indicate that the mental status of these teachers is not optimistic, and married female teachers aged 40-55 years need to be given more attention. Mental health examinations can be incorporated into daily physical examination items to facilitate the timely detection and early intervention of negative emotions.

0669 Disruptive Nocturnal Behaviors in PTSD Patients are Associated with More Severe Psychiatric Pathology

Abstract Introduction The similarities and differences between trauma associated sleep disorder (TASD) and REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) are unclear. However, both REM sleep parasomnias are associated with disruptive nocturnal behaviors (DNB) that manifest as episodes of sleep-related vocalizations, and/or complex motor behaviors. Patients who have more DNB are more likely to have a higher prevalence of PTSD. Methods In a cross-sectional study, we examined the relationship between DNB severity and the severity of psychiatric symptoms in PTSD patients. 73 civilian patients with histories of complex developmental trauma (age 47.0 ±13.3 years; 89.6% female) met the DSM-5 criteria for moderate-to-severe PTSD. PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) was used to obtain an index of current PTSD severity (37.41 ± 19.84; PCL-5 &amp;gt;30 cutoff for PTSD). DNB was defined as the sum of the two items 1f and 1g in the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index PTSD Addendum (PTSD-A). The participants rated how often during the past 1 month they had trouble sleeping because of the following: (PTSD-A Item1f) “Had episodes of terror or screaming during sleep without fully awakening” and (PTSD-A Item1g) “Had episodes of ‘acting out’ their dreams, such as kicking, punching, running or screaming”. We used a stepwise multiple regression analysis with DNB as the dependent variable and the variables described below as independent variables. Results We determined the following relationships: 1. PCL-5 (r=0.359, p=0.002); 2. Brief Symptom Inventory which includes Somatization (r=0.476,p&amp;lt; 0.001);Obsessive-compulsiveness (r=0.429, p&amp;lt; 0.001); Interpersonal Sensitivity (r=0.337, p=0.004); Depression (r=0.398, p&amp;lt; 0.001); Anxiety (r=0.449,p&amp;lt; 0.001); Hostility (r=0.577, p&amp;lt; 0.001); Phobic Anxiety (r=0.353, p=0.002); Paranoid Ideation (r=0.412, p&amp;lt; 0.001); and Psychoticism (r=0.414, p&amp;lt; 0.001); 3. Insomnia Severity Index (r=0.363, p=0.002); 4. Beck Suicide Scale or BSS (r=0.268, p=0.025); 5.Beck Anxiety Inventory (r=0.472, p&amp;lt; 0.001); and 6. Fear of Sleep(r=0.493,p&amp;lt; 0.001). Fear of Sleep Inventory (FOS) (Beta=0.442, t=4.258, p&amp;lt; 0.001) and Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSS) (Beta=0.300, t=2.887, p=0.005) emerged as the significant predictors of DNB. Conclusion DNB was correlated with a wide range of psychiatric pathology in PTSD. This suggests that DNB could be an integral feature of severe PTSD. To our knowledge, this has not been previously reported. Support (if any) None

A multicentric study on Clinical, microbiological and psychological aspects of human toxoplasmosis in pregnant women of South-East regions of India

Introduction: Serological tests based on the detection of specific IgG and IgM antibodies are the primary diagnostic methods for Toxoplasma infection. Prompt diagnosis of maternal seroconversion during pregnancy is necessary to prevent transmission to the foetus, by means of specific treatment, and also to permit close monitoring of at-risk foetuses and neonates. Material and Methods: This prospective multicentric study was conducted to evaluate the seroprevalence of T. gondii in humans and to determine various risk factors and psychiatry comorbidity associated with the disease. During the study, samples were collected from randomly selected pregnant women at various centres. Sera were sent to laboratory for antibody detection by ELISA. Proper history was recorded and psychiatry evaluation was done. Results: Most of patients belonged to 31-40 years (28.3%) followed by 21-30 years (21.6%), 41-50 years (18.3%) and least were belongs to 15-20 years (15%). Most of the patients showed Fever,Lymphadenopathy, Abdominal pain as presenting symptoms. In our study, women reported higher scores of somatizations, depression and phobic anxiety. Eating of raw or undercooked meat and inappropriately washed vegetables were identified as two important risk factors for maternal toxoplasmosis. Conclusion: Although most immunocompetent individuals infected with toxoplasmosis remain asymptomatic throughout life, this parasite can cause many complications in immunocompromised patients and in pregnant women. Newborns presenting with congenital toxoplasmosis can be asymptomatic but can also developretinochoroiditis and serious CNS complications. So, if women conceive, they should be educated regarding their eating habits and the value of good hygiene at the first visit for antenatal care. Health education for women of childbearing age is extremely important to prevent maternal toxoplasmosis.

Assessing reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Crown-Crisp Experience Index and its application in pneumoconiosis patients

In China, among all patients with occupational diseases, 90% have pneumoconiosis. The disease, which leads to psychological problems, seriously affects patients’ lives. The Crown-Crisp Experience Index (CCEI) is a multidimensional questionnaire to assess patients’ psychological conditions. Yet there is no Chinese version of CCEI. This study, therefore, aims to develop a Chinese CCEI, in line with standard localization procedures, by translating, back-translating, and culturally adapting the original English version. The final Chinese version comprises 47 items in six dimensions. The reliability and validity of the Chinese CCEI were tested by analyzing the data collected from 1,000 pneumoconiosis patients from an occupational disease prevention and treatment hospital. A rank sum test was carried out to compare the phobic anxiety (PHO) between pneumoconiosis patients and retired miners. The results of exploratory factor analysis show six principal components, which explain a total of 78.246% variances. Confirmatory factor analysis shows that the Chi-square freedom ratio (χ2/df) were less than 3, the root mean square error approximation (RMSEA) were less than 0.05, comparative fit Index(CFI) and incremental fit index (IFI) were greater than 0.9, average variance extracted(AVE) in six dimensions were less than 0.5, residual variances(CR) were greater than 0.8, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient 0.839, Omega ω coefficient 0.889, and S-CVI 0.88. The PHO of pneumoconiosis patients was significantly higher than that of retired miners exemplified by a statistical difference (P < 0.05). The study shows that the Chinese version of CCEI enjoys a high degree of reliability and validity and thus can be used as a screening tool for measuring patients’ anxiety and fear levels.

The predictive role of impulsivity and perceived social support in psychiatric symptoms of women with methamphetamine use disorder.

Currently, few studies have examined the mental states of Women methamphetamine patients, and the influence of impulsivity and perceived social support on substance misuse-induced mental disorders is unclear. We want to examine the mental state of women with methamphetamine use disorder and compare it to the Chinese norm value of healthy women. Investigate the connection between impulsivity, perceived social support and mental state of women with methamphetamine use disorder. Two hundred thirty women subjects with a history of methamphetamine usage were recruited. The Chinese version of the SCL-90-R, (SCL-90) was used to evaluate psychological health problems, while the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) and Barratt Impulsiveness Seale-11 (BIS-11) were utilized to evaluate perceived social support and impulsivity, respectively. The t-test, Pearson correlation analysis, multivariable linear regression, stepwise regression models, moderating effect analysis were used to analyze the statistics. There was a noticeable difference between the Chinese norm and all participants' SCL-90 ratings, especially for Somatization (t = 24.34, p < 0.001), Anxiety (t = 22.23, p < 0.001), Phobic anxiety (t = 26.47, p < 0.001), and Psychoticism (t = 24.27, p < 0.001). In addition, perceived social support levels and impulsivity levels are independently predictive of SCL-90 scores. Lastly, the impact of Impulsivity on SCL-90 can be modulated by perceived social support. According to this study, women with methamphetamine use disorder have worse mental health conditions compared to healthy subjects. Furthermore, certain psychological symptoms associated with methamphetamine use in women can be aggravated by impulsivity, while perceived social support acts as a protective factor for methamphetamine-related psychiatric symptoms. Specifically, perceived social support weakens the impact of impulsivity on psychiatric symptoms in women with methamphetamine use disorder.

Releation between marital adjustment and somatic symptoms on parents of children with Spina Bifida

IntroductionSpine Clearance; which means; SB is a congenital disease . In the first month of pregnancy, the unborn baby’s spine does not close properly is the result . In the spinal cord due to a developmental disorder often causes serious permanent disability . Multi-system associated with this congenital anomaly affected, families with infants and these infants are faced with major challenges in the future. Often the expectations of all parents is to have a normal, healthy children. The birth of a disabled child in the family, family members, their (lives, feelings , behaviors , social life) is a condition that affects negatively.ObjectivesThe SCL-90 is a self repost clinical rating scale oriented toward the symptomatic behavior of psychiatric outpatients. The primary symptom dimensions measured by the SCL-90 are the nine symptom constructs given below: somatization, obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation, psychotism. Marital adjustment test: A 15-item scale that measures marital satisfaction. It was initially used to differentiate well-adjusted couples from distressed (unsatisfied) couples. The 15 items are answered on a variety of response scales.MethodsIn this study; The SCL-90 and Marital Adjustment Test have been applied on parents of children with Spina Bifida. A total of 40 person was used which is 25 women and 15 men. Above of 1 score has been examined high level for SCL-90 test. For Marital Adjustment Test, we accept the lowest score is 1 and the highest score is 60. Cut-off score accepted is 43. If the parents have score that is below 43, is determined incompatible, and is above 43 is determined compatible.ResultsThe result has been obtained, showed us, the parents who have above 1 score for SCL-90, have below score 43 on Marital Adjustment Test.ConclusionsThe study show that parents who have somatization problems are not align with their partners. Participants have symptomatic problems because of their children health situation can cause an unaligned marriage. This suggests that parents of patients with diseases like SB should get the needed psychiatric help and supportive care during the course of treatment.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Psychopathological characterization of modern-type depression in subjects with Internet Gaming Disorder

IntroductionIn recent years, more evidence is emerging in favor of a new form of depression, aka “Modern-Type Depression” (MTD). It has also been theorized that MTD may have multiple relationships with other psychiatric disorders, including techno-addictions.ObjectivesOur study aims at clinically characterizing subjects with MTD in a sample of individuals affected with Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD).Methods1,157 subjects were recruited from a sample of Italian young people (aged 18-35), and selected only if they declared to be video game players (48.6%, n=542). Video game players filled out the 22-item Tarumi’s Modern-Type Depression Trait Scale (TACS-22), Motives for Online Gaming Questionnaire (MOGQ), Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short-Form (IGDS9-SF), Problematic Online Gaming Questionnaire (POGQ), Multidimensional State Boredom Scale (MSBS), Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90). Subjects were classified as IGD+/IGD- and MTD+/MTD-. Descriptive analysis, Mann-Whitney’s U-test for independent data and Chi-square tests were carried out.Results60.5% (n=328) of the sample were male. 21.7% (n=118) were positive to MTD. MTD subjects reported significantly higher scores at IGDS9-SF (p&lt;0.001), POGQ (p&lt;0.001), MOGQ (p=0.003), MSBS (p&lt;0.001). Significant higher scores were found at the MOGQ subscales “reality avoidance” (p&lt;0.001), “coping” (p=0.001), and “fantasy” (p&lt;0.001) and at the SCL-90 subscales “interpersonal sensitivity” (p&lt;0.001), “phobic anxiety” (p&lt;0.001), and “psychoticism” (p&lt;0.001).ConclusionsMTD displayed a strong association with technopathies, particularly IGD. Therefore, further studies should evaluate whether MTD could represent a predictor to IGD onset and/or maintenance and adequately address this aspect from a preventive and treatment perspective.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Differential associations of childhood adversity subtypes and psychopathology in men and women

IntroductionPrior evidence suggests that men and women might be differentially susceptible to distinct types of childhood adversity (CA), but research on gender-specific associations between CA subtypes and psychiatric symptoms is limited.ObjectivesTo test the gender-specific associations of CA subtypes and psychiatric symptoms in the general population.MethodsData from 791 twins and siblings from the TwinssCan project were used. Psychopathology and CA exposure were assessed using the Symptom Checklist-90 Revised (SCL-90) and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), respectively. The associations between the total CTQ scores and SCL-90 scores (i.e. total SCL-90, psychoticism, paranoid ideation, anxiety, depression, somatization, obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, hostility, and phobic anxiety) were tested in men and women separately. The associations between the five CA subtypes (i.e. physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, physical neglect, and emotional neglect) and total SCL-90 were tested in a mutually adjusted model. As exploratory analyses, the associations between all CA subtypes and the nine SCL-90 subdomain scores were similarly tested. The regression coefficients between men and women were compared using Chow’s test. All models were adjusted for age and family structure.ResultsTotal CTQ was significantly associated with total SCL-90 in men (B = 0.013, SE = 0.003, P &lt; .001) and women (B = 0.011, SE = 0.002, P &lt; .001). The associations with the nine symptom domains were also significant in both genders (P &lt; .001). No significant gender differences in the regression coefficients of total CTQ were detected. The analyses of CA subtypes showed a significant association between emotional abuse and total SCL-90 in women (B = 0.173, SE = 0.030, P &lt; .001) and men (B = 0.080, SE = 0.035, P = .023), but the association was significantly stronger in women (ꭓ2(1) = 4.10, P = .043). The association of sexual abuse and total SCL-90 was only significant in women (B = 0.217, SE = 0.053, P &lt; .001). The associations of emotional neglect (B = 0.061, SE = 0.027, P = .026) and physical neglect (B = 0.167, SE = 0.043, P &lt; .001) with total SCL-90 were only significant in men. The explorative analyses of SCL-90 subdomains revealed significant associations of emotional abuse with all nine symptom domains and of sexual abuse with seven symptom domains in women. Significant associations of physical neglect with six symptom domains and of emotional neglect with depression were also detected in men. No other significant associations between CT subtypes and total SCL-90 or symptom domain scores were observed in men and women.ConclusionsCA exposure was associated with diverse psychopathology similarly in both genders. However, women are more sensitive to abuse, but men are more sensitive to neglect. Gender-specific influences of CA subtypes on psychopathology should be considered in future studies.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Особливості психопатологічної симптоматики в учасників бойових дій з непсихотичними психічними розладами, які перенесли захворювання на COVID-19

The purpose of the work was to study the peculiarities of the expressiveness of psychopathological symptoms in combatants with non-psychotic mental disorders who suffered from the COVID-19 disease. Materials and methods. 252 combatants with non-psychotic mental disorders took part in the study, based on the examination of 132 combatants who did not have COVID-19 and 120 – who had COVID-19. Results and discussion. Significantly lower indicators of expressiveness of psychopathological symptoms were found in combatants who did not suffer from COVID-19, and the basis of psychopathological manifestations are: obsessive-compulsive disorders – 2.42 ± 0.33 and 2.55 ± 0.36 points, respectively (р &lt;0.01); depression – 2.20 ± 1.15 and 2.66 ± 1.03 points (p &lt;0.01); anxiety – 2.18 ± 0.91 and 2.41 ± 0.89 points (p &lt;0.05). Manifestations of somatization are: auxiliary psychopathological constructs – 1.63 ± 1.07 and 2.47 ± 0.80 points (р &lt;0.01); interpersonal sensitivity – 1.23 ± 0.96 and 1.52 ± 0.97 points, respectively (p &lt;0.05); hostility – 1.31 ± 0.38 and 1.42 ± 0.39 points (p &lt;0.05) and phobic anxiety – 1.23 ± 0.49 and 1.28 ± 0.48 points (p&gt;0.05), with insignificant expressiveness of paranoid symptoms and psychoticism. It was established that combatants who suffered from the disease of COVID-19 had significantly higher levels of post-traumatic stress – 88.9 ± 16.6 and 97.8 ± 15.7 points, respectively (p &lt;0.01), invasion symptoms – 24.5 ± 4.4 and 26.3 ± 4.9 points (p &lt;0.01); avoidance – 23.1 ± 5.8 and 25.7 ± 5.0 points (p &lt;0.01); excitability – 21.6 ± 5.1 and 23.8 ± 4.5 points (p &lt;0.01); guilt – 19.7 ± 5.4 and 22.0 ± 5.0 points (p &lt;0.01), and post-traumatic depression – 5.3 ± 4.1 and 8.2 ± 5.1 points; anxiety – 4.9 ± 3.7 and 6.8 ± 3.8 points (p &lt;0.01), and stress – 8.1 ± 4.2 and 10.3 ± 4.1 points (p &lt;0.01). Deterioration of cognitive functioning with a decrease in the speed and efficiency of cognitive processes was established, which did not reach the level of severe cognitive dysfunction, more pronounced in patients who suffered from COVID-19, which was manifested by a decrease in performance indicators of the TMT-A test – respectively, 37.0 ± 12.2 and 45.9 ± 14.8 sec. (p &lt;0.01); TMT-B – 147.4 ± 37.6 and 164.4 ± 53.8 sec. (p &lt;0.05); indicators of semantic verbal speed: number of words for letter “K” – 18.2 ± 5.4 and 16.8 ± 5.4 words (p &lt;0.01); words for letter “P” – 16.6 ± 5.7 and 15.2 ± 5.6 words (p &lt;0.05); words “Male names” – 17.1 ± 5.1 and 15.7 ± 5.1 words (p &lt;0.01); words “Fruits/furniture” – 16.0 ± 5.3 and 14.7 ± 5.2 words (p &lt;0.05), as well as slowing down the Stroop test: reading the names of colors printed in black – 51.5 ± 9.6 and 57.6 ± 8.9 sec. (p &lt;0.01), color naming – 77.0 ± 16.9 and 86.7 ± 17.4 sec. (p &lt;0.01), reading the names of colors where the color of the font differs from the meaning of the word – 131.2 ± 20.4 and 142.1 ± 19.9 sec., naming the color of a word where the color of the font differs from the meaning of the word – 50.5 ± 9.6 and 56.6 ± 8.9 sec. (p &lt;0.01), stiffness/flexibility indicators of control – 54.2 ± 10.3 and 55.4 ± 7.9 sec. and verbality – 1.5 ± 0.1 and 1.5 ± 0.1 sec. Conclusion. The revealed regularities allow considering COVID-19 as an actual risk factor for the deterioration of psychopathological and post-traumatic symptoms, as well as cognitive disorders in combatants with non-psychotic mental disorders

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in childhood phobic anxiety disorder

About 50% of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) patients are symptomatic and affected by psychosocial factors. Anxiety can cause GERD through the brain-gut-axis mechanism. A female patient, aged 6 years, was consulted by the Psychiatry Department with complaints of fear. The patient said she was afraid to go to the doctor for fear of tooth extraction. The patient said she had been hospitalized several times because of nausea and vomiting. The patient did not dare to eat for fear that her teeth would hurt again. About 4 months ago the patient was hit by a swing in kindergarten which caused her gums to swell, bleed, and her front teeth were loose and broken. Then the patient was invited to the dentist at the public health centre. The patient's mother said that at that time the patient was scared when her teeth were extracted and it was still bleeding. The patient ran out of the dentist's office and cried. After being forced by her mother, the patient eventually resumed treatment. Then when she got home the patient did not want to eat or drink. Then a few days after that the patient had nausea and vomiting.