Phlegm Stasis Syndrome Research Articles

The Influencing Factors and Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome Characteristics of Depression/Anxiety in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease: A Cross-sectional Study

Abstract Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the situation of depression/anxiety in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) at different stages of the disease and to analyze the influencing factors and the evolution characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes. Materials and Methods: From October 2016 to April 2018, a cross-sectional survey was conducted at 48 clinical research centers in 23 provinces, cities, and autonomous regions across China. A total of 11383 cases were collected by outpatient or inpatient cases, including healthy individuals (n = 1754), low-risk individuals (n = 2339), metabolic syndrome (n = 1475), stable CHD (n = 3366), acute coronary syndrome (n = 704), perioperative intervention treatment (n = 753), and heart failure (n = 992). Survey demographic data, lifestyle habits, disease and health status, TCM symptoms and signs, and other information were collected. Results: The prevalence rates of depression/anxiety in surveyed patients with CHD were 35.7% and 21.0%, respectively, and were higher than those in patients with metabolic syndrome (18.8% and 10.3%, respectively), low-risk individuals (11.7% and 7.5%), and healthy individuals (9.7% and 5.7%, respectively). The significant risk factors for CHD combined with depression analyzed by the generalized linear mixed model included age (odds ratio [OR] = 0.019), gender (OR = 0.632), hypertension (OR = 0.306), course of CHD (OR = 0.022), stent placement (OR = −0.284), heart function level (OR = −4.151/−3.336/−2.118), and phlegm stasis syndrome score (OR = 0.129). The significant risk factors for CHD combined with anxiety included gender (OR = 0.581), heart function level (OR = −1.856), and phlegm stasis syndrome score (OR = 0.094). Factor analysis was conducted on the symptoms and signs of patients with CHD combined with depression/anxiety, and 16 common factors were obtained with cumulative contribution rates of 62.83% and 66.13%, respectively. Disease syndromes included liver and kidney deficiency syndrome, liver stagnation and discomfort syndrome, Qi deficiency syndrome, liver meridian fire heat syndrome, kidney deficiency syndrome, phlegm dampness syndrome, heart and gallbladder Qi deficiency syndrome, blood stasis syndrome, lung Qi inversion syndrome, Yang deficiency syndrome, and three symptoms named diseases, including chest tightness, chest pain, insomnia, and head discomfort. Conclusions: Through cross-sectional design, the data obtained in this study revealed the actual situation of CHD patients with anxiety or depression at different stages. The influencing factors of CHD patients with depression or anxiety were analyzed through the collected cross-sectional information and further revealed the syndromic characteristics of CHD patients with depression or anxiety at different stages from the perspective of TCM syndromes. The data obtained provide a practical basis for further understanding the clinical characteristics of bicardiac diseases and for proposing treatment strategies in stages.

Retracted: Observation on the Efficacy of Moxibustion Combined with Ear Acupoint Pressing Beans in Treating Patients with Phlegm Stasis Syndrome Vertigo.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2022/4295423.].

Observation on the Efficacy of Moxibustion Combined with Ear Acupoint Pressing Beans in Treating Patients with Phlegm Stasis Syndrome Vertigo.

Objective The aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy of moxibustion combined with an ear acupoint pressing bean in the treatment of patients with phlegm stasis syndrome vertigo. Methods 60 patients with vertigo identified as phlegm stasis syndrome who were hospitalized in our department from May 2020 to May 2021 were selected and divided into a control group and a treatment group of 30 cases each according to the random number method. The control group was treated with conventional treatment and care, and the treatment group was treated with moxibustion combined with ear acupressing beans on top of the conventional group. The treatment effects, the dizziness disorder inventory (DHI), Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), Hamilton anxiety score (HAMA), TCM symptom score, and blood flow parameters (left vertebral artery flow velocity (LVA), right vertebral artery flow velocity (RVA), and basilar artery flow velocity (BA)) of the two groups were compared with each other during and after the treatment. Results After implementation, the treatment efficiency of the treatment group was higher than that of the control group, and the treatment group had lower PSQI, HAMA, and DHI scores as well as TCM symptom scores such as vertigo, head heavy as a wrap, chest tightness, and nausea and vomiting than the control group (P < 0.05). In addition, LVA, RVA, and BA were all higher in the treatment group than in the control group after treatment (P < 0.05). Conclusion Moxibustion combined with ear acupoint pressing bean treatment can clearly improve patients' sleep quality, psychological state, relieve patients' various symptoms caused by vertigo, improve blood flow parameters, and have better efficacy in the treatment of phlegm stasis syndrome vertigo.

Effect of salivary antimicrobial factors on microbial composition of tongue coating in patients with coronary heart disease with phlegm-stasis syndrome

Objective: Phlegm-stasis syndrome is one of the most common traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes and found in 59% of patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) in routine TCM clinical practice in China. One of the diagnostic criteria of phlegm-stasis syndrome is its characteristic white-greasy and thin tongue coating. We have previously reported that different types of tongue coating have different microbiome characteristics that can be used as diagnostic markers. However, the microbial characteristics of tongue coating of CHD patients with phlegm-stasis syndrome, including coating feature and underlying reason of formation, have rarely been reported. Herein, we examined the characteristic microbiome of tongue coating, and discussed the cause of tongue coating formation via salivary proteins in patients with phlegm-stasis syndrome. Methods: We examined white-greasy and thin tongue coatings obtained from 10 patients with CHD having phlegm-stasis syndrome (n = 10), and compared with those of patients with almost no coating – patients with Qi-Yin deficiency syndrome (n = 10) – and healthy controls (n = 10). 16S rRNA sequencing of tongue coating microbiome and isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based quantitative analysis of salivary proteins were used to detect tongue coating and salivary protein separately. Salivary levels of sIgA, lysozyme, and amylase were detected by ELISA. Results: We identified Candidatus_Saccharimonas and Candidate_division_TM7_norank as the prominent members of tongue coating in patients with CHD having phlegm-stasis syndrome. Salivary proteins involved in biological processes, pentose phosphate pathway, and complement and coagulation cascades were among the differentially expressed proteins identified in patients with CHD having phlegm-stasis syndrome on iTRAQ analysis. Moreover, the formation of microbiota in tongue coating was associated with salivary sIgA, lysozyme, and saliva flow rate. Conclusions: We explored the characteristics of microbial composition of tongue coating patients with CHD having phlegm-stasis syndrome and identified correlations between salivary proteins and microbiome formation, providing a theoretical and mechanistic basis for tongue coating formation.

Effect of salivary antimicrobial factors on microbial composition of tongue coating in patients with coronary heart disease with phlegm-stasis syndrome

Objective: Phlegm-stasis syndrome is one of the most common traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes and found in 59% of patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) in routine TCM clinical practice in China. One of the diagnostic criteria of phlegm-stasis syndrome is its characteristic white-greasy and thin tongue coating. We have previously reported that different types of tongue coating have different microbiome characteristics that can be used as diagnostic markers. However, the microbial characteristics of tongue coating of CHD patients with phlegm-stasis syndrome, including coating feature and underlying reason of formation, have rarely been reported. Herein, we examined the characteristic microbiome of tongue coating, and discussed the cause of tongue coating formation via salivary proteins in patients with phlegm-stasis syndrome. Methods: We examined white-greasy and thin tongue coatings obtained from 10 patients with CHD having phlegm-stasis syndrome (n = 10), and compared with those of patients with almost no coating – patients with Qi-Yin deficiency syndrome (n = 10) – and healthy controls (n = 10). 16S rRNA sequencing of tongue coating microbiome and isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based quantitative analysis of salivary proteins were used to detect tongue coating and salivary protein separately. Salivary levels of sIgA, lysozyme, and amylase were detected by ELISA. Results: We identified Candidatus_Saccharimonas and Candidate_division_TM7_norank as the prominent members of tongue coating in patients with CHD having phlegm-stasis syndrome. Salivary proteins involved in biological processes, pentose phosphate pathway, and complement and coagulation cascades were among the differentially expressed proteins identified in patients with CHD having phlegm-stasis syndrome on iTRAQ analysis. Moreover, the formation of microbiota in tongue coating was associated with salivary sIgA, lysozyme, and saliva flow rate. Conclusions: We explored the characteristics of microbial composition of tongue coating patients with CHD having phlegm-stasis syndrome and identified correlations between salivary proteins and microbiome formation, providing a theoretical and mechanistic basis for tongue coating formation.

Association between cancer-related fatigue and traditional Chinese medicine body constitution in female patients with breast cancer

BackgroundCancer-related fatigue (CRF) is a common psychosomatic problem in breast cancer patients. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used to address symptoms in patients with CRF. Identification of the specific constitution in TCM is essential for personalized care. AimTo explore the relationship between fatigue and specific constitutions in breast cancer. Experimental procedureWe conducted a cross-sectional study in all breast cancer patients at Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital in Taiwan. The severity of fatigue was determined using the Brief Fatigue Inventory-Taiwanese (BFI-T) form. TCM patterns were determined using the Body Constitution Questionnaire (BCQ). The relationship between constitution and fatigue was analyzed using logistic regression. ResultsWe recruited 110 breast cancer patients with fatigue (mean age: 55 ± 11 years). The mean duration of breast cancer was 17.4 months. The major constitution among these patients with fatigue was Yang-Qi deficiency (50%). Phlegm-Stasis syndrome was correlated with a duration of breast cancer of more than 18 months (p = 0.02). Out of all participants, 42.7% (n = 47) reported clinically significant fatigue (BFI-T score ≥4). According to logistic regression, the score of Yang-Qi deficiency [odds ratio (OR): 3.5, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.49–8.21, p < 0.01] was also associated with clinically significant fatigue. ConclusionYang-Qi deficiency is associated with clinically significant fatigue in breast cancer patients. However, the association of Phlegm-Stasis syndrome and fatigue as disease duration increases cannot be ignored. Further studies are needed to determine whether treating both constitutions integrating TCM treatment can alleviate patients’ fatigue symptoms.

Comparative evaluation in treating qi-yin deficiency and phlegm stasis syndrome of type 2 diabetes mellitus in a rat model

Abstract Objective To compare the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), western medicine and integrative medicine in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a rat model. Methods The T2DM rat model was established with a high-fat diet (HFD) for 35 days and a single injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 30 mg/kg). The T2DM-induced rats were divided into three groups, and treated with Yiqi Yangyin Huatan (YQYYHT) granules (3.84 g/kg per day), pioglitazone (1.35 mg/kg per day) or YQYYHT granules + pioglitazone (3.84 g/kg per day+1.35 mg/kg per day) respectively for 14 days. Clinical features and behavioral changes, as well as T2DM indicators, were recorded to evaluate therapeutics effects in each treatment group. Results The T2DM rat model expressed insulin resistance (IR), with features similar to qi-yin deficiency and phlegm stasis syndrome, including decreased cyclic adenosine monophosphate/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cAMP/cGMP) ratio, decreased levels of Na+-K+-ATPase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), and increased levels of serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein (LDL-C). All three treatment groups showed significant decreases in fasting blood glucose (FBG) and fasting insulin (Fins), and improvement of TCM syndrome to different degrees. Importantly, YQYYHT improved the most of the indicators of T2DM, followed by integrative medicine and pioglitazone alone. Conclusion Compared with western medicine or integrative medicine, prescription of TCM based on syndrome differentiation may offer more advantages in the prevention and treatment of T2DM.

The study of differentially expressed serum protein in patients with different traditional chinese medicine syndromes of knee osteoarthritis

Objectives: To study the distribution characteristics of patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) of different traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes and to reveal the differences from the perspectives of expressions of serum inflammatory indicators. Methods: One hundred and thirty-four patients with KOA treated in our hospital from January 2013 to March 2016 and referring to TCM syndrome types were included in the study and were divided into three types: Yin in kidney and liver\tendon and vesselstasissyndrome,s pleen and kidney deficiency wet injection the osteomere syndrome, kidney Yang and weak\phlegm stasis syndrome; 24 healthy persons who took physical examination in our hospital were selected as the normal control group. Patients' blood was collected in the morning as the blood samples, and the levels of inflammatory factors (5-TH, interleukin-6 [IL-6], and tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α]) were measured in serum. Results: The most common TCM syndrome of KOAin the clinical trialsis Yin in kidney and liver\tendon and vesselstasissyndrome, the percents of spleen and kidney deficiency\wet injection the osteomere syndrome and kidney Yang and weak\phlegm stasissyndrome are near, the former is slightly higher than the latter by 3.97%. The levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in the three groups were significantly higher than those in the normal control group, whereas the 5-TH level was significantly lower in the three groups than that in the normal control group (P

Study on relationship between constitution and syndrome of MMP-9, IL-6 and MTHFR gene in patients with ischemic stroke

By studying the relationship between syndromes, physique and MMP-9, IL-6 and MTHFR gene polymorphisms in patients with ischemic stroke,The relationship between MMP-9, IL-6 and MTHFR gene polymorphism was analyzed in patients with ischemic stroke.The data were collected by collecting the data of patients with ischemic stroke, and the statistical analysis was carried out. Syndrome：61 cases of ischemic stroke patients with stroke phlegm stasis syndrome in patients with the highest frequency, a total of 30 cases; Physical constitution： phlegm is ischemic stroke patients prone to physical, a total of 20 cases; The analysis of the relationship between constitution and syndrome shows that the patients with qi deficiency constitution tend to show qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome after onset, The analysis of the relationship between constitution and syndrome shows that the patients with qi deficiency constitution tend to show qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome after onset, Phlegm constitution and physical condition after the onset of symptoms tend to wind phlegm stasis syndrome; Syndrome and MMP-9, IL-6 relationship：The distribution of MMP-9 and IL-6 in patients with qi and phlegm stasis syndrome and qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome was significantly different from that in Z test (P<0.05). The level of MMP-9 in patients with qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome was significantly higher than that in patients with wind phlegm and blood stasis syndrome;The level of IL-6 in patients with phlegm and blood stasis syndrome was significantly higher than that in patients with qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome. Syndrome, constitution and MTHFR gene polymorphism： among the 61 samples, 34 were heterozygous mutations, 15 were pure and mutated, 12 had no mutation, The mutation rate of this locus was 4.08 times that of patients without mutations.The genotype of MTHFR C677T in patients with phlegm dampness tends to be CT genotype. Wind phlegm stasis syndrome in patients with easy to appear after the TT genotype; Yin deficiency syndrome in patients prone to miscellaneous and mutations, the performance of CT genotype; Analysis of the relationship between syndromes and physique in patients with ischemic stroke,Phlegm and dampness, flat quality patients after the onset of easy to show the wind phlegm stasis syndrome; Qi deficiency after the onset of symptoms in patients with Qi and blood stasis. Suggesting that before the onset of such as for the partial physical conditioning, may be on the prevention of ischemic stroke have a certain effect; Analysis of the relationship between syndromes and MMP-9 and IL-6 in patients with ischemic stroke, Wind phlegm stasis syndrome and IL-6 levels are related, Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome and MMP-9 levels are related. Analysis of the relationship between syndromes and MTHFR gene polymorphism in patients with ischemic stroke, TT genotype after the onset of symptoms prone to wind phlegm stasis syndrome, CT genotype patients after the onset of easy manifestations of Yin deficiency wind syndrome; Analysis of the relationship between physique and MTHFR gene polymorphism in patients with ischemic stroke, CT genotype is easy to show phlegm.For more in-depth understanding of pathogenesis of ischemic stroke to provide the basis, For the clinical treatment and prevention to provide intervention strategies.

Effect of Acupuncture on Serum IL-6 and TNF-α in Mild Cognitive Impairment Patients with Phlegm-stasis Syndrome after Stroke

Objective: To observe the effect of acupuncture on levels of serum IL-6 and TNF-α in mild cognitive impairment patients with phlegm-stasis syndrome after stroke. Methods: 60 mild cognitive impairment patients with stroke were randomly assigned to treatment group ( n =30) and control group ( n =30). The control group was treated with nimodipine, and the treatment group received acupuncture and nimodipine for four weeks. The neuropsychological tests, including mini-mental state examination (MMSE), montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) and activity of daily living scale, were examined, and levels of serum IL-6 and TNF-α in the patients were measured before and after treatment. Results: After treatment, the MMSE and MoCA scale scores of the two groups were increased, the ADL scale score and levels of serum IL-6 and TNF-α were decreased, but the changes in treatment group were higher than those in the control groups, and the differences were significant ( P P Conclusion: Acupuncture can improve the cognitive level of mild cognitive impairment patients with phlegm-stasis syndrome after stroke, which may be related with the decreasing of serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α.

Rule of Chinese medicine syndrome differentiation in the patients with thoracic diseases at perioperation stage

To study the rule of syndrome differentiation in the patients with thoracic diseases at perioperation stage. A standard was created referring to the related literature, and it was applied to differentiate the Chinese medicine syndrome in 150 patients before and three days after thoracic operation. Before operation, Chinese medicine syndromes were as differentiated as phlegm type in 45.3%, blood stasis type in 17.3%, and qi-stagnancy type in 16.0%. The patients with asthenia syndrome markedly increased after operation, accounting for 34.0% (51 patients, including qi-, yin-, and blood-deficiency syndromes). The most frequently seen intermixed syndromes were qi-deficiency with phlegm-stasis syndrome and Pi ()-deficiency with phlegm-dampness syndrome. The intermixed syndromes revealed in 37.5% and 42.0% of the patients before and after operation, respectively. The syndrome in the patients with thoracic disease before operation was mostly the excessive syndrome, mainly the phlegm syndrome type; at postoperation stage, Chinese medicine syndrome in patients become asthenia in essence with excessive superficiality, which is mostly revealed as Pi-deficiency with phlegm-dampness.

Exploration on relationship between syndrome differentiation of phlegm stasis syndrome and serum lipoprotein electrophoretogram in patients of senile coronary heart disease

Exploration on relationship between syndrome differentiation of phlegm stasis syndrome and serum lipoprotein electrophoretogram in patients of senile coronary heart disease