Hume's Philosophy Research Articles

CHINA’S SOFT POWER: CULTURE AND SPORTS

The authors of this study aim to highlight the features of soft power specifically for China’s modern politics. As examples, the cultural policy and its specifics, characteristic of China, as well as successes in the sports field, in particular the implementation of major sports competitions, are analyzed. Of course, these are only components of the soft power policy pursued by the state in recent years, but it is these differences that allow China to achieve a number of advantages in the modern world and improve the country’s image in the world. These features make up the uniqueness of China and are based on a unique interweaving of history, philosophy, economics, sustainable development and, of course, culture and sports. The conclusions reached by the authors indicate that China uniquely combines the humanistic philosophy of antiquity and modern economics and technology, Thus, Confucianism is perfectly combined with modern technologies and economic development and high-level sports games, the organization of which also reflects ambitions and modern achievements.

Duty, Human Rights and Wrongs and the Notion of Ubuntu as Humanist Philosophy and Metaphysical Connection

This article reviews and discusses the issue of one’s duty, rights and wrongs within the Humanist African Philosophy of Ubuntu. ‘Ubuntu’ is an Nguni Bantu term denoting "humanity". It asserts that "I am because we are" and expresses of having a sense of "humanity towards others" which in the Zulu language is stated as “umuntu ngumuntu ngabantu”. The roots of African Life, culture and value systems in Southern Africa in particular are found in the philosophy of Ubuntu but they have also been partially influenced by specifically the Judaeo-Christian tradition. Ubuntu considers human rights as moral principles or norms that designate certain standards of human behaviour that are required in dealing with other human beings. One’s rights and duties in society are grounded in a multifaceted philosophy because of the moral aspects which are a mixture of heritage and tradition. Ubuntu avows that society, and not any transcendent being, provides human beings with their basic humanity. An authentic individual human being is part of a complex and important relational, communal, societal, environmental and even mystical world. One’s actions are correct to that extent that they are a matter of living harmoniously with others and doing one’s duty while acting ethically and within the ambit of the law, and thus demonstrating reverence towards others in communal associations. It calls for apology, and forgiveness when doing something wrong and ultimately reconciliation with guilty or injured parties. Keywords: Ubuntu; Rights; Wrongs; Duties; Metaphysics; African humanism

Ludwig Feuerbach’s View of God in The Essence of Christian

Hegel was once a philosopher who greatly influence the views and perceptions of Ludwig Feuerbach. However, in the process of studying the philosophy of the seventeenth century, the French materialism of the eighteenth century and observing the reality of German society at that time, Ludwig Feuerbach realized that Hegel’s philosophy was still limited. Based on that perception, Ludwig Feuerbach criticizes Hegel’s position, at the same time, he criticizes the position of Christian philosophy. Thereby, he established his own philosophical views – humanist philosophy or humanist thought. Although Ludwig Feuerbach’s view of society has not yet clearly shown human independence, it is the foundation and “source of fire” for Karl Mark and F. Engels to establish the concept of human emancipation.

Pragmatism, Humanism, and Form

Pragmatism is a humanist philosophy that tells an antifoundationalist and antirepresentationalist story of progress and emancipation. While most theoretical approaches since the 1960s have radically rejected the humanist legacy, in pragmatism a particular understanding of humanism has persisted. This persistence of humanism is of the utmost importance, since one can only grasp the unique contemporary significance of pragmatism when one appreciates how pragmatism, humanism, anti-authoritarianism, and postmetaphysics are interlinked, and how this link has gained in importance after the exhaustion of antihumanist theories. This essay combines the endeavor to elucidate the idea of a pragmatist humanism with a discussion of the relationship between pragmatism and aesthetic form. The essay is divided into three parts. While the first part explains why pragmatism is a humanist philosophy, the second part discusses why most pragmatists have been unwilling to consider the significance of form. It develops the central idea that Dewey’s naturalist aesthetics does not offer a convincing conception of form. The final part advances the argument that a pragmatist humanism that refuses to historicize the concept of form and is reluctant to regard the act of form-giving as a kind of poetic agency weakens its own position.

Ethics in Comedy: Essays on Crossing the Line

Ethics in Comedy: Essays on Crossing the Line

Ethics in Comedy: Essays on Crossing the Line

Ethics in Comedy: Essays on Crossing the Line

The Landscape of Węgajty Theatre

The alternative culture in Poland formed between the late 1970s and the second half of the 1990s. In this period many artists were moving from cities into the countryside in order to find space for independent and experimental art. Among these new settlers were Erdmute and Wacław Sobaszek, who made their home in a small rural settlement of Węgajty in the 1980s. The Sobaszeks converted an abandoned farm into a stage and soon their undertaking became one of the most prominent alternative theatres in Poland. This article explores intersections of the Sobaszeks's art and rural landscape through the lens of humanistic geography, anthropology and philosophy. The purpose of the article is to reveal a deep attachment of the artists to local, rural space and to examine how it shapes their performances and community building. In the article, the Węgajty Theatre is recognized as ‘landscape theatre’, a term which attempts to emphasize a bond between the theatre and the natural environment.

Alcohol Disorders in Military Veterans: An Evaluation with the Roy Adaptation Model.

The purpose of this paper was to evaluate a role for the Roy adaptation model (RAM) for the nursing care of military veterans with alcohol use disorder. Parse's criteria were used to critique the RAM. The RAM's humanistic philosophy emphasizes the ability to develop new coping skills and adapt to complex environments. The framework can define physical, emotional, and social responses to stressors faced by veterans. The RAM could guide new research and practice initiatives that optimize the health of military veterans.

人文主義哲思視域下的課程研究：教學大綱的課程理解與想像——評介《教學大綱即課程：概念重建取向》 Curriculum Research from the Perspective of Humanistic Philosophy: Curriculum Understanding and Imagination of Syllabus [Review of the book The Syllabus as Curriculum: A Reconceptualist Approach

人文主義哲思視域下的課程研究：教學大綱的課程理解與想像——評介《教學大綱即課程：概念重建取向》 Curriculum Research from the Perspective of Humanistic Philosophy: Curriculum Understanding and Imagination of Syllabus [Review of the book The Syllabus as Curriculum: A Reconceptualist Approach

Forms Organization of Work With People With Special Educational Needs in China

The article analyzes the conditions for providing accessible education for people with special educational needs in China. The development of inclusive education, its position at this stage of education in China is considered. The aim of the article is to reveal the essence of the concept of «inclusive education» and to define the forms of organizing the work of people with special educational needs in China. To achieve the goal of the study, the following research methods have been used: analysis of scientific literature, observation, system analysis, comparative analysis, logical analysis, analogy, methods of classification, systematization, generalization, analysis of personal experience of teaching and learning in higher educational institutions in China, comparison and interpretation of the obtained data. The results. The author defines that inclusive education is the provision of equal access to education for all students, taking into account the diversity of educational needs and individual capabilities of the individual. Based on the analysis of the scientific literature, it is shown that effective forms of organizing the educational process of children with special needs are: education in a general (inclusive) classroom, if necessary, with individual or group support; training in a correctional class of a general secondary education institution under the guidance of a special teacher, with participation in general school activities; distance learning for students who are physically unable to attend educational institutions; training in a medical and social institution, in particular with partial inclusion in a general secondary education institution. The article proves that inclusion is not a form, but a new education with its humanistic philosophy of possibilities and free choice, it is a necessary preparation for life and full integration of everyone into society. Conclusions. The author is convinced that the effectiveness of inclusive education depends on five main organizational and pedagogical conditions: the availability of an accessible environment and humane relations with all participants in the educational process; scientifically based system of integration of children into mixed (inclusive) groups; high professionalism of teachers and leaders; acceptance of each student and involvement, organizational culture and spirit of mutual understanding; integration of an inclusive educational organization with social institutions.

Transhumanism and African humanism: How to pursue the transhumanist vision without jeopardizing humanity.

African humanism should be considered more in the theoretical discussion on transhumanism. Using an underexplored humanistic philosophy of Ubuntu, this article shows how the perspective from the global south provides guidelines for pursuing transhumanism without jeopardizing humanism. It argues that heuristics from African (Ubuntu) humanism can serve transhumanist goals. While transhumanism has attracted severe criticisms from bio-conservatives, this article counterargues some salient objections. Drawing on an Ubuntu understanding of humanism, this article posits that the transhumanist vision of the posthuman does not threaten our humanity. Ubuntu humanism is shown to be supportive of transhumanism and can plausibly serve as a guide to protecting transhumanist trajectories from potential abuses. This article concludes that the embedded values of African humanism deserve to be taken seriously in galvanizing global trust in transhuman futures.

Nursing students’ evolving professional values: Capturing their journey through co-operative inquiry

Aim/objective and BackgroundDespite a worldwide emphasis in nursing codes of practice that state nurses must uphold professional values to be caring and compassionate, evidence continues to emerge of poor-quality care standards. Existing literature attests to a tendency to deteriorating caring values as students’ progress through their nursing programme. In response, one university in England exposed pre-registration nursing students to a values-based curriculum which embedded Todres et al.’s (2009) Humanising Values Framework. Design and MethodsThis paper describes the later stages of a co-operative inquiry, where students as participants explore their evolving values around person-centred approaches to care as they engaged with clinical practice. Data were collected between 2013 and 2016. Results and ConclusionFindings reveal how students developed their confidence and resilience in the face of situations that challenged their value base by internalising a humanised approach to care. They demonstrated this in practice by using problem-based coping strategies, peer and mentor support. Engagement with a curriculum based on humanistic philosophy encouraged students as participants to feel confident in the practice of person-centred care.

Cross-cultural metacognition as a prior for humanitarian knowledge: when cultures collide in global health emergencies

PurposeA serious global public health emergency (GPHE) like the COVID-19 aggravates the inequilibrium of medical care and other critical resources between wealthy and poor nations, which, coupled with the collision of cultures, indicates the vital need for developing humanitarian knowledge transcending cultures. Given the scarcity of literature addressing such unprecedent issues, this paper thus proposes new, unconventional viewpoints and future themes at the intersection of knowledge management (KM) and humanitarian inquiry.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is conceptual in nature. The data of the World Bank and the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs are analysed to introduce some emerging real impact topics regarding cross-cultural conflicts and humanitarian knowledge in the post-COVID business world. The theoretical foundation was built upon a critical literature review.FindingsThis paper synthesizes the perspectives of culture, KM and the humanistic philosophy to distil the core component of cultural intelligence and comparatively and thereby illuminating why cross-cultural metacognition acts as a priori for achieving cosmopolitan humanitarian knowledge.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper provides profound implications to academics by highlighting the importance to formulating new, inter-disciplinary themes or unorthodox, phenomenon-driven assumptions beyond the traditional KM domain. This paper also offers practitioners and policymakers valuable insights into coping with the growing disparity between high- and low-income countries by showing warning signs of a looming humanitarian crisis associated with a GPHE context.Originality/valueThis paper does not aim to claim the birth of a new domain but call for more research on developing a normative theory of humanitarian knowledge as transcendence of cultures. It implies uncharted territories of great interest and potential for the real impact KM community.

M. MONTESSORI’S IDEAS ABOUT THE ROLE AND FUNCTIONS OF THE TEACHER OF PRESCHOOL EDUCATION INSTITUTION AND THEIR USE IN THE CONDITIONS OF REFORMING THE DOMESTIC PRESCHOOL EDUCATION

Today, the unconditional value and uniqueness of Montessori’s ideas is recognized. Preschool teachers are recommended to build the educational process focusing on humanistic philosophy and pedagogy. That is why it becomes important to study and comprehend the potential of pedagogical systems and methods of personality-oriented nature, which have taken leading positions in the world educational space and proved their importance and effectiveness. One of the brightest representatives of humanistic pedagogy is the Italian pedagogue, psychologist, author of the pedagogical system that bears her name ‒ M. Montessori. The article mentions the names of teachers who studied the pedagogical heritage of the Italian teacher. The article considers the requirements of personal and professional nature to the modern educator in the context of reforming preschool education in Ukraine. On the basis of the theoretical analysis the basic pedagogical ideas of the outstanding Italian pedagogue-humanist M. Montessori concerning the role and functions of the teacher in educational process are revealed. The relevance of their application to the professional development of a teacher in a traditional preschool institution is substantiated. The author noticed the main functions of the Montessori teacher,which were first specified by M. Sorokova in the textbook for students “M. Montessori system: theory and practice”. It is determined that further research is needed to create a structured program of professional and personal self-development of the teacher, which will help to adapt freely to non-standard situations of life in general and professional activity in particular.
 Keywords: child, M. Montessori pedagogical system, Montessori teacher, personality-oriented concept, humanism, preschool age, preschool education, functions of the teacher.

Religion - The Discipline of Restoring Communion Between People

We are tempted to make a hierarchy of disciplines, both in pre-university education, but sometimes even in university. Usually, the emphasis is on the disciplines in the real area, to the detriment of those in the human area. We go further and do the hierarchy in the same area and we have the feeling that physics is more important than mathematics, or chemistry is more valuable than technology and so on. As for the humanist side, philosophy and political science have long surpassed linguistics and history. In this context we ask ourselves: where is the place of theology or religion? To what extent can religion or theology contribute to the completion of the profile of the new man? As the importance of the spiritual component in the formation of young people is increasingly relativized and diminished, to the detriment of the somatic one, we wonder if religion was not misperceived and taught. This is why we would like to proclaim the truth about Christianity, which we should discover as clean and clear as spring water, in the discipline taught in schools.

Character and Causation: Hume's Philosophy of Action

Character and Causation: Hume's Philosophy of Action

The Linguistics of Humor: An Introduction

The Linguistics of Humor: An Introduction

Интеллектуальная подготовка как ресурс и ценность науки и образования

Analyzed are various concepts of intelligence as values of the humanistic philosophy of education, as well as the emergence and development of the modern concept of intelligence. Emphasized is the imperative of the intellectualization of education, aimed at the formation of a person’s intellectual culture in the process of conscious learning.

Perspectives on Counselor Education Collaborative Scholarship

A collective case study employs a multiple-case design to investigate engaging, collaborative academic writing methods in counselor education. The researchers were particularly interested in understanding successful collaborative counseling research practices centered around Harshada Patel CoSpaces Collaborative Working Model (CCWM). Analysis from two rounds of interviews with 11 participants revealed the central tenets needed to complete scholarly work in Counselor Education. The researchers discovered leadership, institutional capacity, and communication as the three major categories based on the transcription content analysis. According to the results, counselor educators can embrace collaboration into their research practice and identity as it is a natural extension of humanistic philosophy.

Das Targeting von „Lifestyle“-Bedingungen. Welche Rechtfertigungen für die Behandlung?

Patients suffering from “lifestyle” conditions are most often viewed as responsible for their illness, and so not considered to be a priority for healthcare resources. Instead, their treatment is financed on instrumental grounds: it is better to treat the condition now than to incur higher costs later of not doing so. An alternative register of justification at work in public healthcare policies is not motivated by instrumental considerations. Instead, it seeks to articulate an ethical case for prioritizing lifestyle conditions. Within this framework, we draw on the notion of vital need within the tradition of humanistic philosophy to argue that solidarity justifies the treatment of such conditions, exemplified here by obesity. We use the theoretical framework of economics of convention to present these two registers of justification at work in public healthcare policies. The importance of humanistic criticism prevents instrumental logic from being completely dominant.