Collaborative Philosophy Research Articles

Devon Energy and Software Partners Enable Automatic Bottomhole Pressure Calculations

_ More than a decade ago, Devon Energy made it a priority to enhance its digital infrastructure which has led to a step change in internal data access along with how the company securely works with its third-party vendors. Easy access to relevant, trustworthy, and value-adding data has become the norm, not the exception, for the US oil and gas producer’s subsurface engineering teams. The upside extends beyond mere convenience, however, and translates directly into faster decision making which is one of the keys to success in the dynamic landscape of unconventional developments. When data is seamlessly connected for daily consumption, engineers engage with it regularly, integrating it into their daily workflows. Additionally, we see that the frequency of use is directly correlated with accessibility. The emphasis on accessibility reflects Devon’s proactive efforts to treat its data more and more as a valuable asset. By democratizing data and analysis tools, business-impacting insights are more readily available to engineers and decision-makers throughout the organization. This case study outlines one of the most recent and tangible outcomes of this collaborative philosophy: automatic calculation of bottomhole pressure (BHP). Solving for Bottomhole Pressures As shown in Fig. 1, accurate and reliable flowing BHP data is a critical input for a number of important engineering applications in both conventional and unconventional settings: reservoir simulation, production diagnostics, nodal analysis, rate transient analysis, pressure transient analysis, and material balance. The list goes on, but the overarching point is that BHP data allows engineers to make informed decisions, i.e., high-confidence estimations on future well production, reservoir management, and optimization strategies. The rub is that acquiring accurate BHP measurements has historically been a luxury service that is too costly to scale up beyond a few science projects. Operators that desire such critical data often turn to BHP gauges, which are positioned down in the wellbore to measure pressure at a specific depth. But given an average cost of $50,000 per installation, it is estimated that less than 5% of all horizontal wells drilled during the North American shale revolution have benefited from the use of downhole gauges. Without a downhole gauge, operators must calculate the pressures from surface pressure. The problem here is again one of scale. Using surface pressure has traditionally required the manual gathering of the proper data sets and calculating BHP. From there, the process is not only time consuming but considered to be error prone. Applying any of the published methods may take a reasonably experienced engineer half an hour to complete a BHP calculation and the odds of a miscalculation rise as the data set grows in size and complexity.

T-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding for Co-Representation Learning

Co-clustering is the simultaneous clustering of the samples and attributes of a data matrix that provides deeper insight into data than traditional clustering. However, there is a lack of representation learning algorithms that serve this mechanism of co-clustering, and the current representation learning algorithms are limited to the sample perspective and lack the use of information in the attribute perspective. To solve this problem, in this article, ctSNE , a co-representation learning model based on t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding, is proposed for unsupervised co-clustering, where ctSNE makes the dataset representation outputted more discriminative of row and column clusters (i.e. co-discrimination). On the basis of t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding retaining the sample data distribution and local data structure, the philosophy of collaboration is introduced (i.e., row and column hidden relationship information) so that the ctSNE model is equipped with co-representation learning capability, which can effectively improve the performance of co-clustering. To prove the effectiveness of the ctSNE model, several classic co-clustering algorithms are used to check the co-representation performance of ctSNE, and a novel internal index based on an internal clustering index, known as total inertia, is proposed to demonstrate the effect of co-clustering. The numerous experimental results show that ctSNE has tremendous co-representation capability and can significantly improve the performance of co-clustering algorithms.

Формирование благоориентированной официальной помощи: анализ межстрановых различий

We examine cross-country differences in the beneficent motive formation of aid to developing countries using data on 18 OECD donors for 2010–2019. The paper tested the theoretical determinants highlighted in the philosophy of collaboration on two subsamples of donors — those with a prevailing selfless motive and those with a mixed one. Our analysis shows that for the first group of countries, welfare and prosociality are significant factors of benefit-oriented aid, for the second — technological development. The components of civic culture, such as tolerance, trust, and public involvement in political decisions probably play a significant role regardless of the donor type . In addition, the paper explored key distinctions in the relationship between domestic and international aid. The results obtained expand the understanding of the cultural and historical contexts of untying aid, which remains one of the central tasks of the OECD.

Institutional Psychotherapy and the Institution as Strategy

‘Institution’ as a concept has a particular resonance in the collaborative work of Deleuze and Guattari. Looking at institutional psychotherapy and the way in which it traverses the works of Deleuze and Guattari, this article will attempt to offer some ways that the concept of institution can be put to work. To do so, it will begin with two statements about institutional psychotherapy made by the psychiatrist Jean Oury: ‘Institutional psychotherapy is perhaps the putting in place of all kinds of means to struggle, each day, against all that might make the whole of the “collective” topple over towards a segregative or concentrationary structure’, and ‘The establishment is a building and a contract agreed with the State, a price per day. The institution, when it exists, is a labour, a strategy to avoid a whole load of people fermenting, like a jar of jam with a poorly closed lid.’ These statements will open the door to a deeper exploration of what an institution can do and how it was activated in Guattari’s clinical practice and in the collaborative philosophy developed with Deleuze.

Determinants of official benefit-oriented aid to developing countries

The article presents the pioneer cross-country study results of the formation factors of benefit-oriented official development assistance (ODA), which is defined as aid sent by a donor disinterestedly and in order to improve the welfare of the recipient. In the preliminary data review an original measure of benefit-oriented assistance is proposed, which allows to study transfers in conditions of mixing motives. Subsequent regression analysis of panel data on 18 donors of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development for 2010–2019 shows that a benefit-oriented motive is primarily ensured by a high degree of trust, the prevalence of altruistic behavior in society and the socio-economic welfare of the donor country. There is evidence to suggest that ancillary factors of disinterested assistance are the democratic government structure, tolerance and life satisfaction; in addition, political participation as a factor of altruism has an indirect effect on the motivation of the donor. Calculations also show that an increase in the per capita GDP of the donor can contribute to both benefit-oriented and selfish motives of ODA, while other factors do not demonstrate a similar integral effect. The results obtained confirm and clarify the theoretical conclusions of the philosophy of collaboration regarding the genesis and dissemination of collaborative relationships. These findings can be used to improve the principles and mechanisms of international assistance as well as to forecast the dynamics of benefit-oriented transfers.

Review of Rafael Ziegler’s (2020). Innovation, Ethics and Our Common Futures: A Collaborative Philosophy.

In his book “Innovation, Ethics and Our Common Futures: A Collaborative Philosophy,” Rafael Ziegler sets out to critically assess the notion of innovation as a driving force in modern-day (Western) economies. He asserts that ‘innovation as technological novelty for commercial use is driving us deeper in unsustainability’ (p. v), and embarks on a philosophical journey to scrutinize the concept of innovation and its role in modern economies. In doing so, Ziegler aims to develop a sufficientarian notion of innovation, calling to embrace a broad, collaborative understanding of innovation based on pluralistic modes of provision focusing not only on markets and increasing financial welfare, but instead on nature-respecting sufficientarian principles of enough is enough – ‘within justice of a minimum threshold and of respect for upper limits to resource use’ (p. 18).

Socio-economic determinants of altruistic behavior

The problem of identifying the factors of individual altruism in the socio-cultural context and at the intercountry level is posed and solved for the first time. Econometric analysis of panel data on 34 countries for 2010–2019 confirmed the results, obtained in local screenings for particular regions and population groups. Namely, such factors as social welfare, happiness and civic engagement showed statistical significance in the regression analysis of the sample under study. Furthermore, there are reasons to assume that some relations may be parabolic in nature and, thus, indicate the nonlinear development of the altruism phenomenon. In addition, the previously overlooked socio-economic determinants stipulated by the philosophy of collaboration were tested on empirical level. Through the inclusion of new variables, it was possible to identify the special role of the culture of tolerance in the generation of altruistic behavior. Also, econometric calculations revealed that the nature of some factors’ impact depends on the level of economic development of a certain country. According to the results, primary positive determinants of altruism for developed countries are happiness and political activity, while for developing countries — social well-being. Hierarchical cluster analysis made it possible to identify and further study a subgroup of developed countries with a higher culture of tolerance. The findings showed the importance of determining the phenomenon of happiness, complexity of which presets the principle differentiation of altruism factors for different groups of countries. The results of this work can be used for further study of collaborative mechanisms, in particular, the study of motivation and effectiveness of international development assistance.

Collaborative hierarchies

We introduce the concept of collaborative hierarchy, a mechanism of collaboration which combines hierarchical and peer-to-peer interactions. In a collaborative hierarchy, a set of participants informatively “subordinate” to the same coordinator forms a peer-to-peer network producing consensual decisions. The advantages of such mechanisms over peer-to-peer mechanisms are noted. The problem of stability of collaborative hierarchies is investigated. In this case it means that they are protected from turning into power hierarchies based on violence. Stability requires high levels of human capital and civic culture. It is achieved through a number of formal organizational principles, such as the selection of coordinators by the level of collaborativity and their regular turnover. Of particular importance for stability is the requirement of reaching consensus. It is demonstrated that a number of Western countries are trying to overcome the crisis of the welfare state by introducing economic reforms providing for the formation of collaborative hierarchies. Our analysis shows that forming of governance hierarchies is compatible with the tendency of crowding out mechanisms of competition and power by mechanisms of collaboration, demonstrated by the philosophy of collaboration. The significance of the findings for Russia is discussed.

Geriatrics: Moving forward with 2020 vision.

Geriatricians have long debated the parameters, positioning, and prospects of their specialty. The year 2020 started full of promise as many organizations anticipated assessing themselves using perfect, or 2020, vision. While challenging on several levels, the momentous combination of events in 2020-the COVID-19 pandemic, Racial Justice Movement, and the November elections-provided Geriatric Medicine several opportunities to firmly secure a position in the mainstream. As we reflect on the new perspectives, programs, and partnerships initiated in 2020, five broader lessons emerge that can help safeguard the future of Geriatrics: the field could employ more intentional "direct to consumer" marketing strategies, expand the scope of what it means to be a patient advocate, pursue new strategic partnerships, take the opportunity to address racial injustice, and leverage existing skillsets to expand scope of care for patients. Given the interdisciplinary nature of Geriatrics, it is fitting that many of these lessons build upon this collaborative philosophy and are derived from domains outside of health care. So in an unexpected way, the events of 2020 may actually help Geriatrics see, with 2020 vision, how to remain mainstream. With this new clarity, Geriatrics holds renewed promise to truly become specialists in whole-person care and it is our hope that, with insight from the lessons shared here, the specialty brings this vision to fruition in the current decade and beyond.

Shared Features of Successful Interorganizational Collaboration to Promote Local Talent Development Environments in Denmark

The aim of this study was to explore 11 case examples of successful talent development collaborations between sport federations, municipalities, and local clubs in Denmark in order to identify potential shared features of successful collaborations. We hypothesized that each case example would be unique, but that they would also share features that could be organized to provide practitioners with a model to guide the improvement of their practice. Grounded in the holistic ecological approach, the study was designed as a multiple case study to facilitate a cross-case analysis. Three Danish sport federations (handball, ice hockey, and swimming), nine municipalities, and eleven local clubs participated in the study, and the data was generated from 23 semi-structured interviews with stakeholders. Analysis led to the construction of six shared features of successful interorganizational collaboration organized into: (1) a list of features (SFIC-TD) with positive and opposite pole descriptors and three categories: collaborative philosophy, collaborative decisions, and collaborative actions, and (2) an applied framework termed the pyramid model for optimization of interorganizational collaboration in talent development (PIC-TD) which illustrates how the abovementioned categories lead to collaborative outcomes. Developing a shared philosophy of talent development was found to be a foundational starting point for successful collaboration between relevant organizations on the micro- and macro-level to improve the local athletic talent development environment.

Review of Innovation, Ethics and our Common Futures: a Collaborative Philosophy by Rafael Ziegler

Review of Innovation, Ethics and our Common Futures: a Collaborative Philosophy by Rafael Ziegler

Going up: riding the risk escalator with Ortwin

In 35 years of research and intervention as an ‘academic without a university’, the author has found intersection with Ortwin Renn’s work, benefited from his generous collaborative philosophy and network creation, and learned about the inside/outside polarity of institutional risk governance and the public. This perspective piece is a personal look backward, based on a 46-slide, predominantly visual presentation to the 29 June 2018 Potsdam workshop convened by R. Löfstedt in honor of Renn and attended by 16 colleagues from across Europe and the globe.

Development of student goals in school-based practice: physical therapists’ experiences and perceptions

Purpose: Development of individualized student goals is integral to special education. Although United States federal legislation and state, local, and professional guidelines outline preferred goal development processes, actual practice does not always reflect ideal practice. The purposes of this research were to understand how physical therapists develop student goals and to identify facilitators and barriers to development of participation-based goals.Methods: Twenty school-based physical therapists participated in one of five semi-structured focus groups. Two researchers conducted thematic analysis of transcriptions of audio recordings to identify qualitative themes; a third researcher reviewed the analysis.Results: Five themes emerged related to therapists’ recommendations for goal development: (1) Understand the student: The foundation for individualized goal development, (2) Teaming: The critical component to integrate varied perceptions and establish a common vision, (3) Relevant focus of goal: Addressing what is meaningful for a student’s day, (4) Best practices: Embracing professional advances, and (5) Develop and write the goal: The art and science of writing goals. The first four themes also reflected facilitators and barriers to development of participation-based goals.Conclusions: Therapists’ comments reflected striving to follow ideal practice recommendations despite identified challenges. This research helps educational teams understand and reflect on goal development processes.Implications for rehabilitationAlthough writing goals is a foundational task in school-based practice, meaningful goal development is a complex process.School-based physical therapists recommend working closely with students, parents, teachers, and other members of the educational team to establish good communication, trust, and a shared philosophy of collaboration and responsibility for student goalsA thorough understanding of the student serves as the foundation for developing individualized student goals.Educational teams are encouraged to understand professional, federal, state, and local guidelines and embrace professional advances in goal development practices.

Parental experiences of family-centred care from admission to discharge in the neonatal intensive care unit.

It has been increasingly recognised that family-centred care (FCC) is associated with enhanced well-being for both parents and infants in paediatric settings, including the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Over the past 4 years, our NICU has increasingly adopted a collaborative philosophy of care. The purpose of the study was to examine parental experiences of FCC during both the admission and discharge time points in order to examine differences in parents' experiences and identify areas for improvement. We conducted interviews at two time points (admission and discharge) with 83 parents (mothers and fathers) of premature and medically fragile infants and analysed the data using thematic analysis. Three key themes (and sub-themes) were identified: disempowerment, hierarchy between parents and staff and the father's peripheral role. The themes were equally prevalent across admission and discharge. The challenges relating to FCC reported by parents at both admission and discharge represent some of the key barriers that parents still face in terms of being truly involved in the care of their infant in the NICU. Similar themes at both time points suggest that parents need equal amounts of support during their stay in NICU, irrespective of the level of care the infant is receiving and whether they are approaching discharge. Implications for improving FCC more generally are discussed.

Toward a Philosophy of Collaboration

The authors find themselves in the midst of a global social transformation that is shaping the common perception of reality. The development of technology-enabled collaborative networks, virtual collaboration, structured collaboration processes, and digital team collaboration affects every part of society. Research on collaboration and collaboration systems has achieved sufficient maturity and scope that an overall conceptual definition of collaboration is now needed and possible. This article proposes a conceptual approach and terminology as a step towards bridging isolated communities of collaborating researchers in various fields. The authors offer a fundamental philosophical description of what collaboration is (and is not) based on relevant epistemological, metaphysical, and axiological insights derived from a synthesis of existing collaboration research, and the authors outline the most obvious needs for further research toward formalizing a more fully-realized philosophy of collaboration.

Sign Language in Action by Jemina Napier and Lorraine Leeson

Reviewed by: Sign Language in Action by Jemina Napier and Lorraine Leeson Wanette Reynolds (bio) Sign Language in Action, by Jemina Napier and Lorraine Leeson ( London: Palgrave, 2016, softcover, 339 pages, $39.99, ISBN: 978-1-137-30976-1) Sign Language in Action by Jemina Napier and Lorraine Leeson uniquely charts the field of applied sign language linguistics. This impressive book provides readers with a comprehensive examination of applied sign language linguistics research informed by authors' extensive experience and expertise as sign language interpreters, researchers, and educators. This unprecedented book draws from numerous fields that fall under the umbrella of applied sign language linguistics and is sure to become an essential reader for researchers, educators, and professionals, as well as students of sign language linguistics, sign language interpreting, sign language instruction, Deaf studies, and Deaf education. In chapter 1, the authors provide an introduction that establishes the aim of the book, their intended audiences, and meaning of the title of the book; additionally, the chapter includes a refreshing discussion about the authors' subjectivity, position, and goals as people who can hear working within the field of applied sign language linguistics. They bring an ethnographic approach to this self-examination, emphasizing a strong philosophy of collaboration with the Deaf community, yet at the same time recognizing the privileges that come with being a person who can hear. Subsequent chapters are organized into four main parts. Part 1 lays out key concepts and research issues in chapters 2 and 3; part 2 delves into practical application in chapters 4, 5, and 6; part 3 details research into applied sign linguistics in chapter 7; and part 4 concludes the book with further resources in the field of applied sign language [End Page 666] linguistics in chapter 8. Throughout the book, boxed sections are categorized into case studies, concepts, quotes, and examples. These sections breathe life into concepts found in each chapter, and are sourced from various journal and book publications as well as quotes from websites and self-reports. Chapter 2 provides the background necessary to achieve the title of the chapter, "Understanding Applied Sign Linguistics," by providing a sociocultural perspective to the history of sign languages and deaf communities, and the development of Deaf studies, sign language linguistics, and ultimately to applied sign language linguistics. Chapter 3, "Sign Language in Action," or sign language in use, delves into identity, particularly the relationship between deaf identities and sign language throughout time. The authors also note that deaf communities are comprised of deaf and hearing people who use a sign language and adopt the term signing communities proposed by Bahan and Nash (1995). Although this definition expands the population of study to include hearing people, the authors also recognize further distinctions between those who are Deaf parented or Codas and those who learned a sign language as adults. Contextually, this opens up a wider discussion of signing communities, such as Gallaudet University, and complex relationships of belonging including hearing and deaf interlopers. Using language attitudes as a springboard, current sign language policy and planning is examined internationally in the areas of sign language status and recognition, corpus planning, and educational sign language planning. Chapter 4, "Learning and Teaching Sign Languages," is the first chapter that delves into practical applications. Topics are couched in the context of transmission and detail first and second language acquisition of a sign language, who is a native signer including Deaf and Codas, and non-native deaf signers who acquire a sign language later in life. The second main section of the chapter synthesizes what is currently known about teaching sign languages and the characteristics of successful second language learners of a language in a different modality (i.e., a sign language). The last section reviews current sign language teaching approaches and curricula, evaluations and assessments of sign language learning, and the ways in which efforts are aligned with foreign language teaching. The authors suggest the adoption of [End Page 667] guidelines for foreign language teaching such as the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) (Noijons et al., 2011) be adopted, with such efforts already underway in Europe. They also point out that further research...

Collaborative development of an accelerated graduate entry nursing programme outside of traditional funding mechanisms.

Financial support for students entering nurse education programmes has typically been the responsibility of Governments who make a substantial contribution to tuition and/or living costs. However, where programmes are not funded by Government bodies, students must make alternative arrangements for financial support. This paper explores how a university worked with local employers to design, recruit and deliver an accelerated graduate entry nursing programme and how this philosophy of collaboration ultimately led to local health employers providing sponsorship for students. Therefore, we offer for debate the benefits of collaborative curriculum design and future considerations of attracting employer funding for graduate entry nursing programmes.

Assessing safe spaces for digital scholarship in the library

INTRODUCTIONDigital scholarship is an emerging trend in multiple academic disciplines. Faculties in the humanities, social sciences, and Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM) fields are teaching students new forms of research, rhetoric, expression, and visualization of data using emerging media. Their students learn text encoding, data carpentry1, how to build online collections and exhibits, and how to make their work accessible to the public-while complying with copyright, fair use, public performance rights, and digital rights management. Academic libraries attempt to keep up with these trends by providing digital scholarship centers, digital media studios, creativity labs, makerspaces, co-working spaces, and other physical spaces that support this type of interdisciplinary experiential learning. Students curious about coding, digital storytelling, and other forms of digital scholarship can thus seek a safe place to learn these skills among peers and friendly, helpful mentors.The purpose of digital scholarship is not simply to learn about technology, but also to use new media and technology to improve the human condition. When planning spaces for digital scholarship, academic libraries focus on furniture, hardware, and software. People, including employees who will work in the space and patrons who will occupy and use the space, are often a secondary focus. While library employees who work in spaces for digital scholarship may have the technical and pedagogical expertise necessary for such work, they may not have the training required to create a safe space for digital scholarship. In fact, the organizational culture of the library itself may not reflect the open, exploratory, collaborative philosophy that shapes the culture of digital scholarship.Most publications praise digital scholarship in libraries as a smart practice, but do not address potential cultural barriers that could hinder library-generated digital scholarship initiatives. This blind spot creates the illusion that all academic libraries have a culture that would create safe, open spaces for digital scholarship. For this reason, libraries engaged in digital scholarship initiatives should reassess and change their culture in order to re-envision the library as a safe space for digital scholarship. This would include developing a safe space within the organization for library employees to explore emerging technologies and media to learn new skills, as well as building safe spaces for collaborative learning among mixed groups of library employees, faculty, and students.DEFINING DIGITAL SCHOLARSHIP AND SAFE SPACEBefore defining digital scholarship and how it manifests in libraries, it is important to provide a definition of safe space. People often describe the library as a sanctuary for those who are different, as well as a safe space for learning (Brewster, 2014; Maxwell, 2006). In reality, academic library environments created by library employees have the potential to be unsafe for innovation and learning (Madriaga, 2010; Mickiewicz, 2015).Definition of Safe SpaceThe definition of safe space in the higher education environment is a space where faculty, staff, and students can feel secure and free to express themselves, learn, and achieve without censure or harm (Booker, 2007). Moderators of a safe space, whether physical, virtual or conceptual, construct this space with ground rules for discourse and behavior (Ada Initiative, 2015a; Ada Initiative, 2015b; Booker, 2007; Fembot Collective, 2014; Gay, Lesbian, and Straight Education Network, 2015; Jones, 2009; Marchon, 2015; Pho & Masland, 2014; Robsinson, Sterner & Johnson, 2006; Ruggs & Hebl, 2012; Thorne, 2014). Academic and technology-related conferences have begun to establish and enforce such ground rules in order to prevent sexual harassment, verbal abuse, and other behaviors that negatively impact peoples' ability to learn and share as respected equals (Ada Initiative, 2015a; Ada Initiative, 2015b; Fembot Collective, 2014). …

Innovative construction procurement at Wits University

Many construction projects end up with a wide gap between achieved and expected outcomes, which puts value for money for a project at risk. A root cause of this problem may lie in the development of an appropriate procurement strategy for projects. Wits University in South Africa has used a mixture of innovative procurement and contract strategies to deliver a portfolio of capital projects within 6% of the control budget over a period of 6 years (2008–2013). The research aim was to examine the procurement strategies and project organisation techniques adopted to deliver projects successfully. The strategic procurement approach has been based on the philosophy of collaboration, shared risk and integrated project teams, which is different from the conventional approaches in South Africa. A discussion of strategies including framework agreements, New Engineering Contract (NEC3) options, target cost contracts and early contractor involvement is presented to demonstrate how the use of collaborative procurement methods and integrated supply chains provides a key to deliver successful outcomes and value for money. Organisations intending to adopt similar approaches will require a team of experts to lead a change from traditional procurement cultures to more collaborative and integrated procurement methodologies.

An Optimization Algorithm Based on Bacteria Behavior

Paradigms based on competition have shown to be useful for solving difficult problems. In this paper we present a new approach for solving hard problems using a collaborative philosophy. A collaborative philosophy can produce paradigms as interesting as the ones found in algorithms based on a competitive philosophy. Furthermore, we show that the performance - in problems associated to explosive combinatorial - is comparable to the performance obtained using a classic evolutive approach.