Philosophical Thinking Research Articles

Failure and Success in Agency

Abstract Agency often consists in performing actions and engaging in activities that are successful. We pour glasses, catch objects, carry things, recite poems, and play instruments. It has therefore seemed tempting in recent philosophical thinking to conceptualise the relationship between our agentive abilities and our successes as follows: (Success) S is exercising their ability to ϕ only if S successfully ϕ-s. This paper argues that (Success) is false based on the observation that agency also often consists in making mistakes. We bungle things. We spill water, we miss objects thrown at us, we drop things, misremember lines, and mess up songs. I argue that these mistakes, doings that fall short of being a φ-ing, can only be understood as subpar exercises of the ability to φ. Since this understanding is incompatible with (Success), the thesis should be given up.

A Contrastive Analysis of the “In-coming” and “Out-going” Translations of Zhuangzi

Based on Zhuangzi with Chinese Annotation and Translation written by Chen (2007), this article has conducted a contrastive analysis of different translations of Zhuangzi by Liang and Kang (2020), Ziporyn (2009), Legge (1891) and Watson (1968). This study aims to help translate Chinese classics and offer western readers a better comprehension of the extensive and profound philosophical thoughts of Chinese traditional culture. It is found that with full consideration of the target readers, Liang and Kang’s (2020) translation has retained most of the original thoughts of Zhuangzi and hereby bridges the cultural gap which is beyond the efforts of western translators. The publication of this translation has tremendous significance for cultural exchange and international interaction, guiding future translation practice and engaging in translation criticism.

Tracing Hegel’s Philosophy and Thoughts in Educational Styles of Architecture Design Studios

This paper aims to trace the influences of Hegel’s philosophical thoughts and ideas on the architecture design studios’ activities. Hegel is a key figure in the modern history of philosophy that lived in the time of establishing Beaux Art on the skeleton of Academie d’Architecture. Despite the many developments in different areas of education, seemingly, there are still some common grounds between Hegelian philosophy and architecture design studio activities that need to be highlighted and criticized. Content analysis and storytelling based on the structured observation applied in this research to compare two foundations. The results reveal four connections between Hegelian philosophy and architecture design studio activities, including precedents studies and historical dialectic, learning by doing and self-consciousness, crits (critiques) and idealism, and master-apprentice and master-slave theories, respectively. The findings highlight that activities in architecture design studios regenerate through studios, which run based on traditions, disciplines, and styles under the influences of Hegel’s philosophy. In conclusion, while Hegelian thoughts spread through successor philosophers in phenomenology, hermeneutics, existentialism, Marxism, and structuralism, education in architecture design studios has continued without the regeneration of ideas.

PRESERVING REASON AND THE NEED FOR A PHILOSOPHICAL LESSON IN A HOSTILE ENVIRONMENT

In the context of contributing to a conference on the updates of mind preservation in the light of interdisciplinary studies this paper addresses a problem: What is the extent of the need for a philosophical study to contribute to preserving reason in a hostile environment? The study aims at demonstrating the necessary role of the philosophical lesson in preserving the mind and upbringing on rational thinking serving faith and correcting the colloquial representation towards philosophical consideration in the Moroccan and Islamic contexts, based on the experience of the classroom in light of a hostile environment dominated by triviality and the shovels which are demolishing the mind and philosophical thinking. The study relied on a critical analytical approach to the educational documents of the subject and the colloquial representation of philosophy, in addition to evoking the professor's experience in employing philosophical models in the context of the philosophical lesson, which made its goal to defend the mind and the importance of preserving it. Thus, the purpose of the study is to dismantle the representation based on the philosophical lesson, and to show its central role in preserving the mind and the role of the teacher of philosophy in education on the values of rationalization, choice and critical thinking of ready-made opinions, and to correct the common representation of the act of philosophizing, and to make the philosophical lesson a way to establish the mental consideration that is anchored to sound faith and contributes to building Man and civilization.

African philosophy for successful integration of technology in higher education

AbstractDue partly to the multimodal and multiscalar nature of technology applications, there lacks theories to explain successful technology integration in teaching and learning in higher education. Such multidisciplinary theories developed primarily within Western contexts as behaviourism, cognitivism, constructivism, connectivism, collaborationism, TPACK framework and authentic learning theory have been used to underpin technology‐enhanced teaching and learning globally. However, their primary focus on basic education and their sensitivity to contextual reality seem to restrict their salience and fecundity to successfully explain technology integration in higher education in the Global South, including Africa. For more contextual relevance and significance, the embodiment in curricula and pedagogy of African knowledge systems and emerging societal needs and challenges is thus critical. Drawing on Asabiyya and Ubuntu humanistic philosophies respectively from Northern and Southern Africa and Yoruba empiricist and Zara Yacob rationalist epistemologies from Western and Eastern Africa, this study proposes African philosophical perspectives to underpin technology integration in higher education. The epistemologies define the nature of student and faculty engagements and strategies, whereas the humanistic philosophies offer values that could guide ethical technology use and engagement. Technologies are conceived alternatively as knowledge banks, communication media and cognitive tools to think through and with. Implications for further research and practice are identified. Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic Multidisciplinary theories developed primarily within Western contexts are used to underpin technology‐enhanced teaching and learning globally. Their primary focus on basic education and their sensitivity to socio‐cultural and economic contextual reality restrict their salience and fecundity to successfully explain technology integration in teaching and learning in higher education in the Global South, including Africa. African philosophical, theoretical, conceptual and methodological thinking is critical for successful technology integration. What this paper adds This study interrogated how African philosophies of humanity and knowledge could support successful technology integration in teaching and learning in Africa. Drawing on Asabiyya and Ubuntu philosophies, respectively, from Northern and Southern Africa, the study proposes strategies for making the oppressive faculty–student relationships rampant in African campuses more humane and emancipatory. Drawing on Yoruba empiricist and Zara Yacob rationalist epistemological orientations from Western and Eastern Africa, this study proposes strategies for supporting truly engaging and empowering pedagogies within technology‐enhanced spaces. Implications for practice and/or policy The purpose of education in successful technology‐enhanced spaces needs to aim at improving student capacities and skills for further learning and to ensure full participation in practice communities within and outside higher education. The content of education or curriculum needs to primarily embody African/local philosophical, theoretical, conceptual and methodological thinking, as well as emerging community needs and challenges. The method of education and student assessment need to support and promote the cultivation of student skills and capabilities as well as values and ethics highly needed in their communities and beyond.

Sherpur’s Students Perception of Yeats Themes Representing Ireland and Its’ Connection to Japan’s Noh

The article shows that W. B. Yeats' themes have drawn attention to how Ireland's history and culture have developed. Irish bard W. B. Yeats is a pioneer who is advancing his country's culture, society, and civilization. To maintain the political cacophony of his nation while maintaining the impression of Ireland's atmospheric layout in his literature, he is constantly seen upholding it. His philosophical thoughts and concepts soften the edge of Ireland's independence. He uses the themes to make a point about coming up with ideas. In his themes, he demonstrates his writing style and presentational structure. Yeats' perspective on politics systematizing literary themes has caught the enormity of writing impetus. This article shows a qualitative approach to the use of themes Yeats. The themes in W. B. Yeats' creation are on display, and the spontaneous attitudes that he used to shape the portrayal of Ireland are the presentation's heart and soul. The use of themes has been put to signify the motif of Yeats in Sherpur Sadar, Bangladesh. Astonishingly, the significance of Yeats influences the students living far away from Ireland. Here the concerned bodies opine on the various aspect of Yeats’ themes and a brief analysis of its’ connection with Japan’s Noh or Nogaku which essentially influenced Yeats’ works.

IBN THUFAIL'S PHILOSOPHICAL THOUGHTS IN THE STORY OF HAYY BIN YAQDZON

Abstract
 
 The purpose of this study is to examine and explain and convey his philosophical thoughts in various aspects through the story of Hayy bin Yaqdzon. Therefore researchers are interested in conducting in-depth research on how the philosophical thoughts of Ibn Thufail are contained in the story of Hayy bin Yaqdzon. This research uses the Library Research method (literature study) with qualitative descriptive. As a result of this research, the researcher concludes that the philosophical thoughts of Ibn Thufail contained in the story of Hayy bin Yaqdzon include ontological aspects regarding nature and being (Hayy bin Yaqdzon's origins, matter and form as well as arguments proving the existence of God), epistemological aspects regarding sources of knowledge (mind). , five senses and revelation) as well as axiological aspects including ethics (towards God, environment and social).
 
 Keywords: Philosophical Thought, Ibn Thufail, Acts, Hayy bin Yaqdzon.

MAX WEBER'S THEORY OF LAW EDUCATION AND POLITICAL VIEWS OF RELIGION

In order to better evaluate Weber's most popular views on the economic ethics of religion, by comparison and due to the interaction of the opposites and sets of views expressed in them, in this work, the discipline of human rights will also be analysed, which will closely identify Weber's asceticism about the spirit of normative Protestantism and the ethics of capitalism and law school and education. The purpose of the research is to establish and identify the ideas expressed by Weber regarding the value scope of social classes, layers and typology of religion, by analysing them – conventionally, but specifically – through the doctrine of lex nature and education impact in school of sociology. Additionally, the purpose of the present work is to answer what is the general structure of Weber's philosophical thoughts and views on school of law, to find and identify in it the asceticism of the sociology of religion, interspersed with the theory of conflict and domination. But the relevance of the research is rooted in the fact that the methods of Weber's scientific approach are used to analyse the state's institutional and orderly system-theoretical dependence from the bureaucratized forms of public authority and this impact in knowledge.

Diversity of researcher types and plurality of philosophical concepts in limnology – an essay

ABSTRACT Scientific research in limnology is intricately linked to philosophical aspects via research methodology, reasoning, ontology, and epistemology. However, the potential plurality of scientific approaches, and hence philosophical directions in our discipline, has seldom been discussed, possibly because philosophy and history in our discipline are only occasionally part of the curricula in limnology and ecology. Therefore, many researchers may not be aware of the fundamental philosophical basis of doing science. Here, I construct a set of 7 researcher types that reflect my perception of colleagues I have met during my career. I link these 7 types with philosophical concepts and streams in ontology, epistemology, and science philosophy to demonstrate that diversity of researcher types can be related to a plurality of philosophical thinking. I argue that the plurality of approaches is a precondition for successful scientific research that aims to address global challenges and to help understand the world. Therefore, fairly appreciating the contributions from all researchers involved in scientific work beyond first-author publications in general journals is mandatory; otherwise, scientific research and education might become funnelled into a subset of approaches too narrow to comprehend the world. Our International Society of Limnology (SIL), with its 100 years of history, must develop a framework and activities that unite researchers and their underlying philosophies to address global challenges for inland waters.

Fūdo in Foreign Language Learning in Japan and Finland

While the Japanese education system and policy have been studied extensively, Japanese philosophy and thoughts have rarely served as a theoretical and methodological resource in the field of comparative and international education. Resonating with a current scholarly attempt to explore the possibilities and limitations of using Japan as an epistemic resource, I have experimented with drawing upon Japanese philosophical thinking, namely Watsuji Tetsurō’s (1889-1960) comparative phenomenological study, to analyse the current foreign language education reforms in Japan. In this paper, I tell the story of my thought experiment in which I explore autoethnographically how my epistemic mindset has changed during my PhD journey through a slow dialogue with Watsuji’s study on milieu, relationality and ontological inquiry into human beings. Aiming to multiply the epistemological resources for educational research, I analyse reflexively on the way in which I was destabilised by Japanese philosophy in (un)learning educational practices in Japanese contexts. In so doing, I explore how ‘foreign’ educational comparativists might be able to move beyond the storyteller role in foreign contexts or the expert role in home contexts and, accordingly, contribute to promoting a pluralistic knowledge production.

Философско-эстетическая интроспекция в поэзии М. Ахмедова (на материалах книги «На границе столетий»)

The aim of the study is determined by the identification of the main, most important components of the artistic and aesthetic introspection in M. Akhmedov’s works used by him taking into account the realities of human and society life at the turn of the XX-XXI centuries and determining the place of literature and the writer in it. The paper is novel in that it represents the first attempt to analyse M. Akhmedov’s poetic works from the book “On the Edge of the Century”, their artistic elements that form the basis of the poet’s philosophical and aesthetic introspection. The results of the study are as follows: the poetic works from M. Akhmedov’s book “On the Edge of the Century” are dedicated to the relevant themes in fiction, in which the role and purpose of a poet, citizen and person in society remains the main issue. The creative searches of M. Akhmedov are accompanied by ambiguous philosophical thoughts about man and life, among which the philosophical and aesthetic introspection serves as the fundamental meaning-forming core around which his poetic worldview is built. M. Akhmedov interprets the existence of man, the meaning of human life, the fate of man through the philosophical and aesthetic introspection of the events and facts of the turn of the centuries, through the understanding of his inner world in the world of new realities, his position in relation to the new spiritual climate at the turn of the centuries. Russian literature, along with Dagestan literature, had a significant impact on the evolution of M. Akhmedov’s artistic thought, his philosophical worldview.

The Body Becomes Image: The Dance Montage of Hsiao-Mei Ho

<p>臺灣舞蹈家、編舞家何曉玫的作品不斷探究身體的極限，透過舞蹈創造出獨特的觀看場域，使身體成為一種有生命之影像。當肉身即是影像，舞蹈亦等同於由關節與肌肉啟動的蒙太奇。正是在此，一種獨特的舞蹈知覺得以被傳遞，身體亦將在觸與碰的邊界間被重新組構。本論文以《默島新樂園》（2017）與《極相林》（2018）兩部舞作之間的劇烈變化開始，將彼此之差異視作影像的多樣性生成，並聚焦於身體的視覺化，諸如身體與影像共舞、無可區分等狀態，甚至是肉身轉化為螢幕、景框或影格般的存有。匯聚著對於舞蹈的身體、影像技術、視覺藝術以及哲學思想等問題辯證，本文試圖將肉身與影像這一組原先對立的概念思考為一種共時創造，以極具生機的狀態思考舞蹈的當代性。</p> <p> </p><p>Taiwan dancer, choreographer Hsiao-Mei Ho’s works constantly explore the limits of the body and create unique viewing fields through dance, making the body become a living image. While the body is the image, dance is also equivalent to a montage of joints and muscles. In here, a unique perception of dance is transmitted and the body is reorganized between the boundaries of touch and being touched. This thesis starts with the dramatic changes between New Paradise of Silent Island (2017) and Renaissance of Its Ashes (2018), regarding the differences between the two dance works as diverse becoming of image, and focuses on the visualization of body, such as the indivisible status of dance with body and image, and even the mode of being that the flesh transformed into screen, frame, or photogram. The dialectics of dancing body, technics of image, visual arts and philosophical thoughts converge in this thesis attempting to consider the body and image, which were originally opposite concepts, as a kind of synchronic creation and think about the contemporaneity of dance in a very vital state.</p> <p> </p>

Идеи итальянского возрождения в философских взглядах Максима Грека

The article discusses how the ideas of the Italian Renaissance influenced the philosophical views of St. Maximus the Greek, and how they are reflected in his works. The object of this article is the philosophical views of Maxim the Greek, translator and religious figure in Rus' in the 16th century. On the basis of the analysis of his works, a picture of his philosophical views is drawn up. The study of the philosopher's ideas is carried out in the context of the religious and cultural situation of Rus' in the 16th century. The article also discusses the personality of Maxim the Greek himself, and how his life path influenced the philosopher's thinking and his public activities. The duality of the views of Maxim the Greek on the ideas of humanism through the analysis of his texts is noted. It is shown how through his teachings it is possible to trace both the influence of ancient philosophy and Christian content. The texts touching upon the idea of humanism are analyzed, and how the works of Savonarola and Giovanni Pico della Mirandola influenced this. The influence that he had on the cultural life of Rus' in the first half of the 16th century is considered. Particular attention is paid to the ideas of non-possessors, and how Maxim the Greek influenced this teaching. The relevance of these texts in the context of the study of Russian philosophy is noted.

The Diwani Hikmet Collection and Its Relation to the Kazakh People Oral Literature

The teachings and works of Hoja Ahmet Yasawi are of great importance to Kazakh national culture. The collection «Diwani Hikmet» is a unique work composed of symmetrical dimensions, in rhythmic, branching, rhyming style, containing many wise thoughts and philosophical generalizations. It is filled with reflections in the form of prayers, proverbs and stories to help educate humanity in faith, brotherhood, love and kindness. The collection of wisdom is an important monument of culture and literature of the Turkic peoples, including the Kazakh people. The wisdom and philosophical thoughts it contains are very relevant even for the modern society. Since the collection is oriented towards a nomadic environment, it was written under the influence of oral artistic tradition. Therefore, it is closely related to the oral literature of the Kazakh people. Hikmet was not only related to the oral tradition of folklore and oral, folklore literature that preceded it. As a result of oral distribution, they have greatly influenced the formation of many genres, themes and art forms of the whole Turkic, and especially Kazakh, folklore. The purpose of this research paper is to determine the content and form of connection and continuity between the oral literature of the Kazakh people and the collection of Yasawi «Diwani Hikmet». The article aims to describe the content and art forms of Yasawi wisdom that originated in the oral artistic tradition of the Kazakh people, as well as to identify common artistic origins from which they both are rooted. The materials and results of the analysis of Hikmets of Yasawi can form the basis for the creation of new theoretical works.

동양의 시간관

According to the ancient Chinese texts, time can be understood in a corre-lational relationship with the space in which the aspect of existence takes place. In this respect, time is both static and dynamic, quantitative and qualitative. Ultimately, ‘the universe’ is the time and space in which the Tao operates. For Chinese philosophers who conducted philosophical thinking under the philosophical premise of the inverse that what exists changes, the concept of time was never a transcendental standard that could be equally applied to all objects quantitatively. Rather, the meaning of performative temporality was highlighted while the context of life was emphasized. The tradition of measuring time was also for the recognition of the change of heaven and earth and for moral practice accordingly. Therefore, this paper deals with China's unique view of time from a performative, metaphysical, ritual, and astronomical point of view in relation to time measurement, focusing on ancient literature, and finally, the ancient Chinese view of time deals with the significance of the Calendar/Music related to the harmony of time and space.

Bruno Latour and Actor-Network-Anthropocene

Bruno Latour (1947-2022) was a prominent philosopher who critically interpreted the Anthropocene discourse. In this article, I highlight the impact of his legacy, particularly in political and philosophical Anthropocene debates. I attempt to position Latour’s critical philosophical thinking legacy within the framework of Anthropocene debates. Bruno Latour has a strong position in explaining current Anthropocene issues, especially related to actor and network reposition, political Gaia, and criticism of the new climate change regime. However, despite the Anthropocene debate, I position Latour’s notion as an entry point to open up explanations concerning the ontology of Anthropocene that can begin by understanding Latour’s breakthroughs in the context of surpassing the metaphysical demarcation of subject/object by radicalizing pluralistic ontology. Instead of glorifying flat ontology, this article aims to emphasize the possibility of affirming the hybrid world of the Anthropocene by pluriversalizing the lifeworld.

THE HERITAGE AND NARRATIVE OF CONFUCIAN COURTYARD AND ARCHITECTURE IN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN SHANDONG, CHINA

In recent decades, China has witnessed a miracle of rapid urbanisation, and the development of traditional Chinese architecture has faced challenges as well as opportunities. Improper planning has undermined the well-being of residents, and many historic buildings have been demolished. Under the slogan of “high-quality urban development”, the value of traditional architecture is rarely mentioned. Therefore, research into architectural heritage and urban sustainability is necessary. This study focuses on Shandong Province in China, the birthplace of Confucianism and, to a large extent, the long history of Chinese culture. By studying courtyard architecture under the influence of Confucianism, the aim is to reveal the cultural profile of the new urban era while critiquing the problems in the urban planning process. The study adopts a qualitative method based on the researcher's field investigation and data collection, as well as one-on-one interviews with experts, to collate typical cases for analysis. In addition, this study also intervenes from a narrative perspective to facilitate the exploration of the value of architecture. The findings suggest that courtyard architecture embodies Chinese aesthetic and philosophical thinking, has theoretical and practical implications for living environments, communities, and urban development, and brings new insights that can better achieve sustainable goals while expanding the existing knowledge of architecture and courtyards.

МӘШҺҮР ЖҮСІП ШЫҒАРМАЛАРЫНДАҒЫ ДІНИ АНТРОПОНИМДЕР

RELIGIOUS ANTHROPONYMS IN THE WORKSOF MASHHUR ZHUSIPAbstract. The article discusses the role of religious anthroponyms in the text function in the artistic works of Mashhur Zhusup Kopeevich. Religious poetonymy in mashhur's works, especially the names of the prophets, describes certain elements of information, images, actions of some era of their life, and reveals cognitive features. In religious epics, the author raised the centuries-old tradition of folk tales to the level of artistic written literature. Therefore, the works of Mashhur Joseph are like a direct source of religious and philosophical thoughts, which include religious terminology. In this context, an examination of theoretical and fiction works is carried out and theoretical conclusions of scientists are given. Religious poetonyms become secretive for various reasons. By considering religious names from their works, we can determine the personal knowledge 22Тіл және әдебиет: теориясы мен тәжірибесі No3, 2023of the author of the work, the artistic content of his thoughts and make sure that these names are also associated with the stories of the Koran.

The Philosophical Thought of the Prophetic Law in the Indonesian Legal System

In Indonesia, the positivistic modern ideology is currently experiencing a downfall due to its inability to overcome the problems of human life. This study aims to complete the explanation of why prophetic law is needed in the Indonesian legal system in the juridical domain and the implementation domain. This was qualitative research which used a philosophical juridical approach. This paper used a descriptive method of analysis. In Indonesia, the prophetic law refers to the ideology of Pancasila, which is interpreted as the nation’s way of life. It reveals the relationship between humans and God, the relationship among humans, and the relationship between humans and the universe. The basis for the thought and implementation of prophetic law in Indonesia is the first principle of Pancasila and the Preamble to the 1945 Constitution, which stated that the proclamation of Indonesian independence was a blessing from Allah (God) Almighty. In addition, based on Law No. 48 of 2009 concerning Judicial Power, it is stated that the judiciary is carried out “for the sake of justice based on the Belief in One God,” which is the soul of decisions made by judicial bodies in Indonesia.

ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION, PERIODIZATION, AND DEVELOPMENT IN INDONESIA AND SPAIN AND THEIR EFFECT ON WESTERN CIVILIZATION: A HISTORICAL REVIEW

This study aims to depict the Islam’s history of development and Islamic civilization from its propagation to the present. The descriptive qualitative research approach utilized in developing this study intends to describe the development and civilization of Islam. A literature review collects data from numerous sources such as books, journals, papers, articles, and electronic media such as the Internet. The writer also employs qualitative data analysis and the deductive writing style in this study. The findings show that some of the basics of Islamic civilization proposed by Prophet Muhammad that can be known; mosque building, forming the ukhuwah islamiyah, and building relationships between non-Muslims. Therefore, during this civilization, one of the famous scholars, Nourouzabad ash-Shiddiqi, states that the periods are committed to two periodizations; the classical period of Islam (650-1250), a period of Islamic progress, and a time of disintegration modern period of Islam (1800-today) is marked by the rise of Islam in politics, military, social, and cultural spheres and the revival of philosophical thinking among some of the Arab scientists.