Philosophical Differences Research Articles

Translating Detective and Mystery Stories: A Skopos Perspective

The mysteries or the detective fictions are one type of popular novels which mainly describe the process of reasoning and detection of the case. With translation practice examples of two mysteries and detective fictions——A Philosophical Difference and Phoney Friend, the paper describes the translation skills on the titles, rhetorical devices and references of the mysteries from the perspective of Skopos theory and functional equivalence theory in details. It is found out that liberal translation is the best way to translate the titles with the guidance of Skopos theory, which is easy to attract the readers’ attention. The rhetorical devices like alliteration, pun and acrostic puzzle, can be translated in two ways--literal translation and amplification according to the functional equivalence theory. References can be translated in a repetitive way to realize the coherence in the text.This paper describes the translation skills of the titles, rhetorical devices and references in mysteries and provides a first-hand corpus for theoretical studies of translation, as well as methodological guidance for translation practice. It shows that flexible application of theories in translation can reach a better effect in translation practice.

Rhabdomyosarcoma Surgical Update.

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) tumors arise from mesenchymal tissue and represent half of pediatric sarcomas, which in turn make up 7% of pediatric tumors. Advances in local control therapy of RMS have improved outcomes after surgical resection of the primary tumor, either before or after induction chemotherapy, even in the setting of metastatic disease. The utilization of diagnostic core needle and sentinel node biopsy techniques for lymph node staging are becoming more widely used. Over the past several years, refinement of prognostic factors with adoption of fusion status instead of histology, and optimized risk stratification schemas have been developed to assure appropriate therapy. There have been efforts between North American and European surgical oncology cooperative groups to standardize the care we provide, and yet there are still some philosophical differences to overcome.

Foucault, der nietzscheanische Kommunist? Bericht zur Tagung "Foucault and Marx. Ambivalences, Legacies, and Future Struggles" (Oktober 2024, Universität Wien)

From 18th to 19th of October 2024 the symposium "Foucault and Marx. Ambivalences, Legacies, and Future Struggles," held at the Department of Philosophy at the University of Vienna, traced the ambivalent relationship between the two thinkers, scrutinizing Foucault's both critical and affirmative reference to Marx on a wide range of topics. Drawing on concepts such as discipline, ideology, or biopolitics, some of the talks followed a recent trend of re-reading Foucault with Marx. Other contributions reconstructed more remote connections between Foucault and Marxism, e.g. by tracing Foucault's early confrontation with the Soviet biologist Trofim Lysenko in the 1950s. While the conference succeeded in painting a detailed picture of the relations between Foucault and Marx(ism), greater focus on some of the heterogeneous reorientations in Foucault's work would have been desirable in order to avoid reducing Foucault's oeuvre to its Marxian references.

Book Review: Wąsosz. Historia miasta i gminy [Wąsosz. History of City and Municipality

The book Wąsosz. Historia Miasta i Gminy [Wąsosz: History of the City and Municipality], authored by Krzysztof Popiński (2022), a scholar at the Department of Philosophy and Economic History at Wrocław University of Economics, offers a comprehensive history of Wąsosz, a Lower Silesian town located at the intersection of Silesia [Śląsk] and Greater Poland [Wielkopolska]. This monograph serves as a gateway to understanding the region’s multifaceted past, uncovering layers of history that extend far beyond the memories of its current residents. By focusing on Wąsosz, the book provides a nuanced perspective on the complex historical developments of the Silesian region. It is a valuable resource for anyone interested in exploring Poland's regional history through the lens of a small, yet historically significant, town.

The climate lockdown conspiracy: You can’t fact-check possibility

The climate lockdown conspiracies claim that a clandestine group of elites are planning to use climate change as a justification to enact widespread lockdowns and curtail freedoms. This conspiracy draws on a wide range of unconnected real-world events and suggests that their possibility of happening again is all the proof required. The focus on possibility instead of reality demonstrates the deep-seated philosophical differences between conspiracy theories and the fact-checking processes that counter them.

How Vital is Nature?

This paper brings into conversation two ontologies that depart from the anthropocentric norm: new materialism, represented here by the US vitalist philosopher Jane Bennett, and the animated cosmology common among Indigenous peoples, as an example of which I take Braiding Sweetgrass by the Potawatomi bryologist Robin Wall Kimmerer. I provide exegeses of both philosophies, with respect in particular to the notion of “animation,” noting that the animated sphere is much more extensive for Bennett than for Kimmerer. I then track Bennett’s shift away from environmental ethics. Finally, I relate differences in philosophy to differences with regard to race and racism, with a detailed discussion of Bennett’s tribute to Walt Whitman, and the genocidal elements within his democratic politics.

R E V I E W of the textbook «Danilyan O. G., Dzoban O. P. Scientific research activities in the field of law. Kharkiv: Pravo, 2024. 269 p.» (Yurii Yu. Kalynovskyi, Doctor of Philosophical Sciences, Professor, Professor of the Department of Philosophy, Yar

Modern society can develop dynamically only on the basis of scientific research, which is the basis of various types of activity. In the information age, when science has become the main productive force, and the scientific and technical revolution is gaining an incredibly wide scope, the development of problems of methodology and logic of scientific research is considered one of the most urgent tasks. The continuous and constantly growing flow of scientific research, a significant increase in the number of subjects engaged in science - all this not only stimulates general interest in the problems of scientific knowledge, but also requires the analysis and development of new research methods used in modern science. Modern professional activity in any social sphere requires the skills and abilities of specialists to solve fundamentally new tasks, conduct research and qualitatively process information, creatively use the achievements of science and improve their qualifications. The professional activity of a lawyer is no exception. A modern jurist must use current scientific methods to carry out scientific research and to solve complex professional tasks.

A Review of Science and Conservation Management for the Cumberland Sound Beluga Population

For many centuries, belugas, or white whales (Delphinapterus leucas), have been a major source of subsistence and cultural identity for the Inuit living along the shores of Cumberland Sound, southeastern Baffin Island. During the late 1800s and first half of the twentieth century, the whales were also heavily exploited commercially for their oil and skins. By the late 1960s and early 1970s it had become clear that the beluga population was greatly reduced from its historical abundance, and efforts began to limit the harvest and monitor the population. The purposes of this paper are to (i) provide a synthesis of developments in Cumberland Sound beluga science and harvest management since 1980 and (ii) describe and discuss efforts to improve the conservation status of the beluga population. Despite large investments in research since the transition to co-management under the Nunavut Agreement, much uncertainty and disagreement remains. Best scientific estimates of current beluga numbers are in the range of 1000 – 1500, with no clear evidence of an increasing or decreasing trend. Officially reported annual landings of harvested whales for the Baffin Island community of Pangnirtung in recent years have ranged between 15 (1993) and 52 (2006), with an average of around 40 whales. Ongoing known or potential threats identified by hunters and scientists include overharvest, ecosystem (including climate-driven) change, interactions with commercial fisheries, predation by killer whales, and stress due to vessel noise. Addressing these issues will require continued research and improved relations between Inuit and the government. Fresh approaches are needed. Newly available analytical and procedural tools may help to overcome longstanding issues that are deeply embedded in cultural and philosophical differences.

Gerd Bornheim leitor da Estética de Hegel

This article analyzes Gerd Bornheim's reading of Hegel’s aesthetics in order to show in what sense it plays a fundamental role in the Brazilian philosopher's thinking on the question of History. In addition, it is a question of looking at the panorama of philosophical debates in the city of Rio de Janeiro in the early 1990s to show how the fact that Bornheim was reading and discussing Hegel and Marx went against the dominant trend of the time, which was strongly marked by resistance to both thinkers due to the collapse of the Soviet system in 1989. Although in Dialética Bornheim aligned himself with Heidegger to critique the notion of totality in Hegel's philosophy of history, he did not adhere to the Heideggerian proposal of a “return to origin”, popular in philosophy departments in Rio de Janeiro at the time. Arguing that the theme of sensibility was itself an obstacle to Hegel’s idealism, Bornheim sought to construct a meaning for history based on the assumption of the theme of difference in the 20th century philosophy.

Current Status and Challenges in Radiology Education at Traditional Chinese Medicine Colleges

The importance of bridging the gap between traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)'s holistic approach and Western medicine's diagnostic technologies, particularly in the context of medical imaging. In this paper, we discussed the challenges faced by TCM colleges in radiology education in China include philosophical differences, resource constraints, faculty expertise variations, and language and cultural barriers. We advocate for the implementation of multifaceted strategies, such as enhancing the comprehensiveness of the syllabus, optimizing the radiology curriculum, and enriching internship experiences. These measures are designed to elevate the quality of radiology education, enhance student engagement, and improve learning outcomes within TCM colleges.

THE IMPOSSIBILITY OF A DUAL RELIGIOUS IDENTITY : CONFUCIAN CHRISTIAN IN JULIA CHINGS SPIRITUAL JOURNEY

This essay explores the spiritual journey of Julia Ching (1934-2001), a prominent sinologist who sought to reconcile her Catholic faith with Confucian philosophy. Raised in a Catholic tradition, Ching faced crises of faith that led her to abandon her nun identidy and engage deeply with Eastern spiritual practices. This essay examines the fundamental theological and philosophical differences between Confucianism and Christianity, highlighting the inherent contradictions in attempting to maintain a dual religious identity. While Confucianism emphasizes moral philosophy and social harmony without a central divine figure, Christianity is rooted in the worship of one God and adherence to the teachings of Jesus Christ. This essay argues that the exclusive doctrines of Christianity and the ritual practices of Confucianism are ultimately incompatible, making it impossible to fully integrate these two traditions into a single religious identity. Julia Chings experience thus illustrates the complexities and challenges of navigating multiple spiritual allegiances.

Policy discounting across and beyond the lifespan

AbstractLegislators face a challenge when implementing long‐termist policies that prioritise sustainability and the well‐being of future generations: citizens prefer policies that pay off sooner rather than later. In this research note, I assess the hypothesis that the lifespan structures this temporal discounting effect. Do people show a particular preference for policies that pay off within, rather than beyond, their own lifetime? In a pre‐registered conjoint analysis with age‐group blocking (N = 2405), I find little evidence in support of this explanation. Although they significantly prefer nearer‐term policy benefits, citizens show no sign of especially preferring policies whose benefits will materialise within their own lifetimes. This pattern holds across a range of personal, political and philosophical differences. The temporal discounting effect is also substantially smaller than other policy features, such as how large the payoff of that policy is expected to be. Additionally, people are clearly willing in principle to trade off the timing of benefits for the scale of benefits, preferring larger later payoffs to sooner smaller ones. Across and beyond the lifespan, the sooner a policy pays off, the better. But, whenever they materialise, the bigger the societal benefits of that policy, the better. These findings strongly suggest that temporal policy discounting is not driven by selfish concerns, while also reinforcing that any such effect does not overwhelm citizens’ evaluations of policy proposals in principle.

British idealist engagements with Mazzinianism, 1858 to 1929

ABSTRACT This article contributes to the scholarship on Giuseppe Mazzini’s impact on British radicalism, through an analysis of British idealist engagements with his life and writings between 1858 and 1929. Section one introduces the topic. Section two sketches a background for the analysis, highlighting Mazzini’s place within the milieu of European exiles living in Britain from the 1840s to the 1870s, ultimately focusing on Mazzini’s engagements at Oxford. Section three explores the ways in which, despite areas of agreement, ultimately the Weltanschauung of the foundational figure in British idealist social and political thought and practice, Thomas Hill Green, differed fundamentally from that of Mazzini. Section four argues that despite these fundamental philosophical differences, Green’s practical political theory drew directly on Mazzini’s writings, although differing over the crucial issue of the proper role of the state in the republic. From this basis, section five analyses the engagements with Mazzini’s writings by the next generation of British idealists, especially John MacCunn. The analysis concludes that although in 1881 Toynbee had reasonable grounds for characterising Mazzini as ‘the true teacher of our age,’ this claim became increasingly unsustainable from the late 1880s onwards, as evolutionary theory came to ground British idealist political thought.

Should I stay or should I go: the differences between elite football and basketball coaches’ backgrounds

ABSTRACT Through analysis of coaches’ playing history and players’ post-retirement career choices in these fields in Israel, this article identifies significant different patterns in the transition from the role of player to that of a coach in basketball and football. In football the majority of coaches are former senior players, and the majority of senior players go on to become coaches, whereas in basketball the situation is the complete reverse. Explanations for these significant differences are related to the athletes’ social status in each field, the substantive and philosophical differences between the fields, and their different social norms.

Philosophy and psychology competing for the status of a fundamental science

The purpose of the article is to determine the circumstances that determine the development of one of the most popular plots in stories about Husserl’s phenomenology: criticism of psychologism in the question of the foundations of scientific knowledge, as well as the subsequent accusation of Husserl himself of “psychologism”. The article shows that in the 19th century philosophy goes through a series of internal transformations caused by criticism from natural science. One of the results of this criticism is that philosophy borrows some principles for constructing scientific knowledge. These include reliance on “facts” and “experience”. When applied to the analysis of subjectivity, this leads to the analysis of mental life as a sphere of immediate certainty. Philosophy abandons the “metaphysical” concept of the soul in favor of an orientation toward “mental phenomena”, “facts of consciousness”. At the same time, psychology is being promoted to the role of the main model for the analysis of subjectivity; her method and approach can now be considered “empirical” rather than speculative. The actual process of development of both psychology and philosophy leads to the fact that psychology begins to be considered as the main model of access to mental life in general, and to consciousness as its special designated area. No version of the alternative foundation of knowledge can bypass this fundamental circumstance if it intends to offer its theory of subjectivity. This circumstance was, in our opinion, a much more serious “challenge” for Husserl and his philosophy than the tendency for psychologists to occupy philosophy departments.

Barriers and Facilitators to Establishing Partnerships for Substance Use Disorder Care Transitions Between Safety-Net Hospitals and Community-Based Organizations.

The effectiveness of hospital-based transitional opioid programs (TOPs), which aim to connect patients with substance use disorders (SUD) to ongoing treatment in the community following initiation of medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) treatment in the hospital, hinges on successful patient transitions. These transitions are enabled by strong partnerships between hospitals and community-based organizations (CBOs). However, no prior study has specifically examined barriers and facilitators to establishing SUD care transition partnerships between hospitals and CBOs. To identify barriers and facilitators to developing partnerships between hospitals and CBOs to facilitate care transitions for patients with SUDs. Qualitative study using semi structured interviews conducted between November 2022-August 2023. Staff and providers from hospitals affiliated with four safety-net health systems (n=21), and leaders and staff from the CBOs with which they had established partnerships (n=5). Interview questions focused on barriers and facilitators to implementing TOPs, developing partnerships with CBOs, and successfully transitioning SUD patients from hospital settings to CBOs. We identified four key barriers to establishing transition partnerships: policy and philosophical differences between organizations, ineffective communication, limited trust, and a lack of connectivity between data systems. We also identified three facilitators to partnership development: strategies focused on building partnership quality, strategic staffing, and organizing partnership processes. Our findings demonstrate that while multiple barriers to developing hospital-CBO partnerships exist, stakeholders can adopt implementation strategies that mitigate these challenges such as using mediators, cross-hiring, and focusing on mutually beneficial services, even within resource-limited safety-net settings. Policymakers and health system leaders who wish to optimize TOPs in their facilities should focus on adopting implementation strategies to support transition partnerships such as inadequate data collection and sharing systems.

So, what's the coolest thing you learned from the models?

Abstract Research methods based on modelling and simulation (M&S) are gaining popularity among social scientists to study societal dynamics. Emphasising the importance of this research approach, the Department of Religion, Philosophy and History at the University of Agder initiated a methodology module to help students on the religious studies programme learn about M&S-based research methods. The methodology module entails seminars, tutoring, meet-the-expert sessions and writing a short essay about the opportunities, limitations and challenges of applying the research methods. This article discusses the impact of the meet-the-expert event, examining students’ interaction with the experts to understand how they utilised the opportunity to learn about the research methods from M&S-based professionals in their field.

Le potenzialità; educative e inclusive del Group-based Early Start Denver Model. Un progetto di ricerca e formazione nelle scuole dell'infanzia

This paper describes a research and training activity conducted within the framework of the Third Mission of the Department of Humanities, Philosophy and Education at the University of Salerno. In particular, the project aims to explore the possible implementation and educational potential of the Group-based Early Start Denver Model (Vivanti et al., 2017) in preschools also attended by children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. The aim of these activities is both to value knowledge outside academic institutions and to promote dialogue and active collaboration with Italian school heads and teachers.

Правовая природа публичной власти: доктрина и закон

The constitutional reform of 2020 made it relevant to develop a doctrinal and legal description of public power. The existing interpretations of its legal nature are often different, even mutually exclusive. This situation makes it necessary to expand the methodological foundations behind the theoretical model of public power. The author identified public power based on the differences in philosophy, management theory, political science, and sociology, on the one hand, and constitutional studies, on the other. The hypothesis of the cyclical development of constitutional law, both as a branch of law and as a science, made it possible to reconstruct the ideas of public power in the Russian doctrine of constitutional law at the turn of the XIX–XX centuries. These ideas proved systematic and logically complete because they interpreted public power as a special subjective right implemented by the community. The concepts of public power in the national constitutional studies demonstrated continuity, especially against V. E. Chirkin’s collectivist theory of public power. However, the importance of public understanding of the legal nature of public power remains underestimated. This flaw is also typical of the latest theoretical models of public power, which were affected by the constitutional reform of 2020, as demonstrated by some recent federal laws.

The Bayesian Approach to Audit Evidence: Quantifying Statistical Evidence Using the Bayes Factor

SUMMARY Statistical methods play an important role in auditors’ analyses of their clients’ data. A key component of the statistical approach to auditing is assessing the strength of evidence for or against a hypothesis. We argue that the frequentist statistical methods often used by auditors cannot provide the statistical evidence that audit standards advocate. In this article, we discuss an alternative approach that can provide this evidence: Bayesian inference. First, we explore the philosophical differences between frequentist and Bayesian inference. Second, we discuss misconceptions in the interpretation of frequentist statistical evidence. Finally, we show (as an alternative to the frequentist p-value) how the Bayes factor allows the auditor to obtain and interpret statistical evidence in line with audit standards. Thus, we contribute to audit theory and practice by showing how Bayesian inference can quantify audit evidence. Data Availability: The data supporting the findings in this article are available in the OSF repository at https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/WTN9G.1