Philosophical Approach Research Articles

Anatoly Vasiliev’s Theatre. Semiology of Continuity and the Way to a New Type of Theatrical System

Introduction. The article provides a general description of Anatoly Vasiliev’s theatrical method, discussing the essence of methodological and philosophical breakthroughs in the future of Russian and world theaters, and, in this context, the continuity of the main tenets of Stanislavsky’s system.Methodology and sources. The article compares two theatrical concepts, two methodological, philosophical, and historical approaches of Russian and World Theatres: Stanislavski’s system and Vasiliev’s method. It determines the semiology of continuity and features of a new approach to the development of dramatic art.Results and discussion. The article highlights the elements of the Stanislavsky system present in Anatoly Vasiliev’s method, aiming to derive an algorithm for utilizing new opportunities based on established systems and techniques for training modern actors. The article's conclusions are drawn from five years of experience (since 1988) with the Vasiliev method, gained through direct contact with the master while collaborating on texts by Plato, Oscar Wilde, Fyodor Dostoevsky, William Faulkner, Thomas Mann, Erasmus of Rotterdam, and Alexander Pushkin. As the article relies on introspective research followed by epistemological analysis, it maintains a subjective nature. It is the outcome of the author’s experience working within the Anatoly Vasiliev’ s School of Dramatic Art at the GITIS acting and directing course (1988–1993), and years of observation of the method’s evolution in working with Vasiliev's students, students of theater universities, and professional actors both in Russia and abroad.Conclusion. The article does not claim to precisely represent Vasiliev’s ideas and thoughts but rather reflects the author’s journey through the rehearsal process in Vasiliev’s theater, acknowledging the internal changes experienced by the author as an actor, director, and individual within the method. It abstains from making value judgments regarding the Stanislavsky system and Vasiliev’s method, instead highlighting the most distinctive features of the theatrical method, elucidating its philosophy, and emphasizing the unity between the Stanislavsky and Vasiliev systems.

Creative Pedagogies: School Without Walls and Forest of Imagination

AbstractThis paper responds directly to the question, how do we communicate our philosophy of art education? It does this by drawing upon previous research with House of Imagination, School Without Walls and doctoral research exploring children's learning identity as artists, to illuminate a philosophical approach to art education and its pedagogy that highlights both human and more‐than‐human dimensions of learning in communities of practice involving artists, researchers and educators working alongside children and young people where spaces of possibility for practice and innovation emerge. The paper focuses particularly on current and creative research in the Forest of Imagination, a long‐term participatory contemporary arts and architecture event in Bath, UK. Forest of Imagination offers an alternative, creative approach to learning, focusing on ecological imagination and nature connection. As a new aesthetic imaginary, the Forest of Imagination is a living, breathing art classroom, inspiring curiosity, imagination and a deeper connection with the natural world.

Peace Education: Philosophical Analysis and Review of Nonviolent Character Education Practices

This paper examines education with a modern philosophical analysis approach. From a phenomenological point of view, philosophy firmly shows that philosophy does not solely start from metaphysical conceptions but also always starts from contextual ones, which originate from actual or true events. The method of this writing is phenomenological based on developing thoughts about educational philosophy. From this literature review, the conclusion emerges that to overcome conflict with a non-violent mentality, education is believed to help humans develop a new mentality and character that allows humans to adapt to their social environment. Thus, in order for humans to comprehend one another and cultivate peace, they must be receptive to all possibilities within the framework of hermeneutics, including the historical background, which serves as the foundation. This paper contributes to a mindset that prioritizes openness to new ideas, remaining flexible and easy to adapt, change, and investigate routes that are rebuilt over time in accordance with the basic philosophy of humans as existentialist creatures.

Engaging the Audience: a Matter beyond Music?

Despite knowing that music and emotions have a lot to do with each other, sometimes it is hard to articulate which relationship they have. Since the emotional impact seems to be one of the biggest appeals for an audience, do we, the musicians (specifically the performers), pay and draw enough attention to it? After reviewing the relevant literature about the processing of emotions, I came across the philosophical approaches of emotions in and through music by Peter Kivy, Jerrold Levinson, and Stephen Davies, proposals that could serve as inspirations for an audience and for performers. Then, I decided to carry out a series of experimental sessions to test the impact of these three approaches, as well as the performer's role, and components that could also affect a performance, such as set-ups, musical manipulations, or what I have called 'extramusical' items or elements. In addition to my research question “How can a performer affect or manipulate the emotional engagement of an audience?”, I sought to explore another inquiry. Is engaging more with the public nowadays strictly a musical matter?

PEDAGOGI EKSISTENSIAL HUMANISTIK DALAM PANDANGAN JEAN PAUL SARTRE DAN REFLEKSI ATAS KEBIJAKAN MERDEKA BELAJAR DI INDONESIA

This research focuses on an exploration of Jean Paul Sartre’s thoughts related to the philosophy of existentialism. The philosophical thinking of this existentialist will form a stream of existentialist education philosophy that is more inclined to the application of humanistic education. The method used in this research is a qualitative method with a philosophical hermeneutic approach. The results of this study show that humanistic existentialist pedagogy is an educational approach that prioritises the individuality and subjective experience of students. Rooted in the philosophies of existentialism and humanism, this approach positions teachers as facilitators who help students find the meaning of life, develop identity, and explore personal values. The main focus is to empower students to take an active role in the learning process, encourage self-reflection and build independence. Through deep interaction between students and subject matter, this approach triggers holistic development, not only of cognitive aspects but also emotional, social, and spiritual. Teachers not only teach facts, but also guide students in relating learning to the reality of everyday life. It aims to create individuals who are more aware, responsible, and have a deeper understanding of themselves as well as the surrounding environment. The humanistic existentialist pedagogical approach and the concept of ‘Merdeka Belajar’ both prioritise individual autonomy in learning. Both the humanistic existentialist approach, which emphasises personal growth and freedom in learning, and the concept of ‘Merdeka Belajar’, which gives students the opportunity to manage their own learning, both provide space for students to take an active role in the learning process, respect the uniqueness of each individual, and encourage personal responsibility in learning from each learner.

Taking Seriously Campus Debates Surrounding Invited Speakers: Open-Mindedness and the Ethics of Inquiry in Higher Education

Context: College campuses in the United States are currently engaged in public and ongoing negotiation of the value and limits of free speech in educational contexts. Responses to invited campus speakers from students, faculty, and campus leaders point to diverging perspectives on the roles and responsibilities of higher education institutions and their members as communities of inquiry. Considering these perspectives raises questions about the epistemic aims of colleges and universities. Purpose: The purpose of this article is to investigate perspectives on the ethics of inquiry and on the value and demands of open-mindedness in higher education. Specifically, I examined one case of an invited campus speaker who sparked considerable debate—Charles Murray’s invited talk at Middlebury College in 2017. Research Design: This study employs the methods of empirically engaged philosophy, a philosophical approach to inquiry that engages with empirical evidence in considering educational aims and implications for institutional structures and policies. I apply conceptual tools stemming from the philosophical theories of knowledge and justice to a thematic content analysis of public statements made by faculty, administrators, and students in the Middlebury case. Conclusions or Recommendations: Through analysis of this campus speaker case, I observed two alternative perspectives on the ethics of inquiry—rational individualism and just collectivism. These two perspectives shared a number of common commitments, including the importance of cultivation of the mind as a primary aim in higher education; the value of open-mindedness, debate, and protest in the pursuit of truth; and the importance of justice, equality, and inclusion. They diverged in their epistemic orientations (individual vs. collective responsibility), their views on the proper bounds of open debate within an institution oriented toward truth-seeking, and what virtuous open-mindedness requires of individuals and collectives. This study contributes to a contemporary understanding of the unique ethical responsibilities of colleges and universities as inquiring organizations, whose members may hold divergent epistemological orientations. By investigating the relationship between open-mindedness, inquiry, and justice in contemporary public discourse in higher education, this study addresses a need for deeper engagement with the philosophical foundations of higher education.

Legal Protection of Architectural Works as Copyright: An Epistemological and Islamic Law Perspective

The research examined the problem of the legal protection of architectural works as copyright. It described the concept of the legal protection of architectural works based on the point of view of the philosophy of science and Islamic law. This research aimed to solve problems related to the infringement of architectural works as copyright through concepts in the philosophy of science and Islamic law. The research method used a philosophical approach and theoretical approach. The results showed that the legal protection of architectural works as copyrighted works from the epistemological point of view was based on the boundaries of science as obtained through experience. Then, it tested empirically to produce science with an objective, rational nature and methods carried out using science from acceptable and reliable researchers so that the results of architectural works by applying elements of culture, science and technology have the quality of works that are not in doubt of their authenticity. In Islamic law, the legal protection of architectural works leads to moral rights owned by the creator because of the principle of maslahah or public interest, which has the same concept as the Utilitarian theory proposed by Jeremy Bentham. Legal protection of architectural works as copyright refers to an epistemological point of view. Islamic law is based on moral rights as one of the inherent rights owned by the creator as the originality of the work that must be protected. In contrast, economic rights are considered an added value of the moral rights owned by the creator.

A Generic Solution to the Sorites Paradox

AbstractThis paper offers a generic revenge-proof solution to the Sorites paradox that is compatible with several philosophical approaches to vagueness, including epistemicism, supervaluationism, psychological contextualism and intuitionism. The solution is traditional in that it rejects the Sorites conditional and proposes a modally expressed weakened conditional instead. The modalities are defined by the first-order logic QS4M+FIN. (This logic is a modal companion to the intermediate logic QH+KF, which places the solution between intuitionistic and classical logic.) Borderlineness is introduced modally as usual. The solution is innovative in that its modal system brings out the semi-determinability of vagueness. Whether something is borderline and whether a predicate is vague or precise is only semi-determinable: higher-order vagueness is columnar. Finally, the solution is based entirely on two assumptions. (1) It rejects the Sorites conditional. (2) It maintains that if one specifies borderlineness in terms of the ‒suitably interpreted‒ modal logic QS4M+FIN, then one can explain why the Sorites appears paradoxical. From (1)+(2) it results that one can tell neither where exactly in a Sorites series the borderline zone starts and ends nor what its extension is. Accordingly, the solution is also called agnostic.

Kajian Ilmu Filsafat dalam Identifikasi Iman serta Relevansinya dalam Kehidupan Orang Kristen

In this article discuss about the complexity of the definition of faith in the context of theology and philosophy and the need to understand the rational basis for religious belief. His research problem involves the question of how philosophy can help christians understand, explain and strengthen their faith. In this study, central concepts of the christian faith such as faith in God, the exsistence of evil in the world and human freedom are analized analyticallly using a philosophical approach. The main results of this research indecate that phylosophy provides a rational framework for understanding fait and provides tools for Christians to reflect on and strengthen their faith. Through philosophical analysis, christians can explore the theological implications of their beliefs more deeply and understand the relationship between faith and rational thought. Additionally, this research emphasizes that the use of philosophical knowledge in the context of Christianity helps strengthen the intellectual foundations of this faith, which in turn can strengthen the resilience of the faith and clarify difficult questions of this world. Christians know that God is the source of truth. All truths formulated by philosophy are never higher than God's truth, namely the truth of the Bible which is the valid source. This. as Christians, we must need criteria to be able to test truth, views and understanding, in the midst study confirms that philosophy plays an important role in identifying the christian faith and the daily lives of christians. By profiding an analytical framework, philosophy helps deepen understanding of faith

Yusuf al-Qardhawi’s View on Religious Extremism

Indonesia is a country with complex religious diversity issues. This is evidenced by the persistence of inter-religious conflicts caused by religious extremism. From within Muslims, this problem has become a discussion of scholars. Therefore, this study analyses Yusuf Al-Qaradhawi's concept of religious extremism to map the scattered extremist groups and avoid mistakes in assessing a group. Yusuf Al-Qaradawi stated that extremism is an excessive attitude toward religion that can destroy religious communities because it causes error. In this study, the researcher used a philosophical approach, and the method used was a descriptive-analytical method to analyze Yusuf Al-Qaradawi's thoughts regarding the problem of extremism in his work "Al-Shahwah Al-Islāmiyyah Baina Al-Juḥud wa Al-Tatharruf. The results of this study found that according to Al-Qaradawi, extremism has several factors and characteristics. In this case, Al-Qaradawi also put forward the concept of "Wasathiyyah" in Islam to overcome the extremism problem, which proves the essence of Islamic teachings that bring peace and respect differences between people.

Implementation approach in legal research

The use of a research approach in legal research will determine the results. There are three categories of approaches in legal research. The normative approach is the most widely used. This research aims to examine how the approach should be implemented in legal research. This research uses a conceptual approach which is still within the scope of the normative approach. Research data was collected by searching articles published in 23 law journals. The results of this research show that the approach to legal research is the use of perspective in discussing legal issues. There are three legal research approaches, namely normative, empirical, and philosophical approaches with all their variants. The normative approach reviews legal problems from a positive law perspective. The empirical approach examines legal problems as a cultural reality. A philosophical approach examines legal problems from an ideal perspective. The approach to legal research should be applied according to the type of research, research data, and level of research. The normative approach is the most widely used. This is because law is mostly understood as a set of rules. Sequentially, of the 256 articles studied, 70% of legal research used a “normative approach”, 19% empirical, and 11% philosophical.

Analisis Kritis Sains Modern Menggunakan Filsafat Khudi Muhammad Iqbal

Science is one of the important things in efforts to approach and get to know existing objects, so it requires a correct basis for self-awareness such as understanding khudi. Because, the direction of modernity with the spirit of the developing Western Renaissance makes Modern Science behave fragmentatively. So that the physical dimension is separated from the metaphysical dimension which requires values and morals. So, this research seeks to analyze certain aspects and sides of modern science, to then be criticized with the perspective of Khudi Muhammad Iqbal. This research is library research using a philosophical approach in critical analysis on data. The results of this research state that Khudi Muhammad Iqbal has a comprehensive-integral influence on a person in terms of his awareness. So, it brings universality, wise considerations, and the relevance of good life from a philosophical basis, especially for scientific trends in this era which are used as references for modern life.

About the ways of giving musical meaning

The article is devoted to the analysis of the concept of "musical meaning", which conceptualizes the way a musical work is given in terms of its formal and meaningful features. The relevance of studying this issue is determined by the importance that the original version of the composition created by the composer has for further development of the musical fabric – both on the part of the performer and the audience of listeners. The purpose of the study is to determine approaches to the specifics of the existence of music, which is not directly reduced to sound and at the same time is realized in sound. Accordingly, the objectives of the study included 1) to identify and compare the most significant definitions of musical meaning, to establish the place of intonation in its physical, aesthetic and spiritual-intellectual disclosure; 2) to describe the means of expression that contribute to the achievement of technical and directly artistic goals; 3) to substantiate the nature of the connection of intonation with general musical and extra-musical phenomena. The research methodology is based on the philosophical theory of music as a temporary art. Categorical analysis was used in combination with elements of the biographical method and the method of included observation. The methods of private disciplines such as musicology, musical psychology, and communication theory are also used. The study shows the paradoxical nature of musical meaning, which is both set and at the same time elusive, requires strict restrictions – and at the same time organizes musical material through creatively free activity. The novelty of the work consists in clarifying the range of philosophical approaches to the "elusive" concept of musical meaning, in an attempt to find invariants of various interpretations of this concept based on a comprehensive analysis of the existence of musical meaning combining physical, emotional and spiritual-intellectual processes. The results obtained allow us to substantiate the specifics of performing skills, which includes not only the depth of understanding of the author's idea, but also the ability to find acceptable limits of variability of interpretations based on "semantic constants" captured by the creator of the work and recorded in his text in the form of notes. The communicative conditions of place and time also play a role, concentrating the national peculiarities of reading the musical meaning.

Past materials, past minds: The philosophy of cognitive paleoanthropology

AbstractThe philosophy of cognitive paleoanthropology involves three related tasks: (1) asking what inferences might be drawn from the paleontological and archaeological records to past cognition, behavior and culture; (2) constructing synthetic accounts of the evolution of distinctive hominin capacities; (3) exploring how results from cognitive paleoanthropology might inform philosophy. We introduce some distinctive cognitive paleoanthropological inferences and discuss their epistemic standing, before considering how attention to the material records and the practice of paleoanthropology can inform and transform philosophical approaches.

The What and How of Data Analysis

In this paper, we discuss about what and how of data science and data analysis: i.e., the approach and the mechanism that analysts employ while working with data. A Philosophical approach to analysis of data and data science has been undertaken those peeks into the conceptual world of aspects of the epistemology of data science. The paper also highlights the role played by analysts, tools, and specialised techniques that analysts employ in data science to derive insights from data. The discussion demonstrates the complexities associated with data science, and by what mechanism and how organisations and businesses draw insights that constitute the real value of data, and that which lay hidden deep within datasets constituting as a form of resource and asset for the organisations. © 2024 The Author(s). Published by RITHA Publishing. This article is distributed under the terms of the license CC-BY 4.0., which permits any further distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Limits of self and Other xenosophic responsiveness: Including complex emotions, power differences and possible futures

In a complementary commentary on Streib, we highlight complexities of self and Other responsiveness when researching and attempting to enact xenosophic alternatives to xenophobic relations with a wide range of others and including related problematic forms of personal and group ‘egocentricity’. Using our similar attempts to be reflexive in theory and practice about self and Other responsiveness in our own social, political, community and cultural psychology research (extending Streib’s focus on developmental psychology), we use the later philosophical approach of Ludwig Wittgenstein – rather than the phenomenological philosophy of Waldenfels – to explore instances of self and ‘extraordinary Other’ relations via examples of everyday and form-of-life disagreements. We then focus on complex emotions and investigations of affective and discursive patterned features of self and Other relations to highlight features of responsiveness and collective wisdom evident in a dynamic typology of group-based and collective pride, shame and guilt relations in contexts of celebration, competition, challenge and conflict. The need to explore the limits of self and extraordinary Other responsiveness is shown by considering how possible futures and power considerations might lead us to step back from potentially becoming other to ourselves.

Rethinking Justice: Unraveling the Tapestry of Justice in Islamic and Western Philosophies

Throughout human civilization, justice has been an enduring value, evolving through continuous advocacy. Fueled by human reason, individuals consistently elevate their standards, leading to the transformation of justice derived from natural law, societal changes, and religious doctrines. This dynamic process signifies that humanity, along with its cultures, laws, and justice perceptions, progresses rather than regresses—growing more intricate, sophisticated, and advanced. This article delves into the development of justice concepts in Islamic and Western cultures across classical, modern, postmodern, and contemporary eras. Utilizing a philosophical approach, it argues that justice undergoes a developmental evolution in both cultures—from discussions in the context of natural law to exploring religious justice and culminating in discussions of social justice. Despite epistemological differences, both Islamic and Western cultures remain inseparable from justice principles: enforcing justice, presupposing equality, aligning with truth, embodying equilibrium, and positioning things rightly.

How does the curriculum contribute to the experiences of belongingness in higher education?

This paper is a critical discussion about how the curriculum contributes to the sense of belonginess within Higher Education (HE), and how the ongoing aim of decolonisation needs to incorporate a more consistent intersectional lens with the curriculum within psychology. Psychology as a discipline has been criticised for its focus on primarily conducting research with people from countries that are Western, Educated, Industrialised, Rich and Democratic (WEIRD; Henrich et al., 2010). This approach has neglected a number of social groups within the wider literature and has indeed marginalised the voices and experiences of many. Through the topic of decolonisation, there has been the discussion of the importance of belonging and belongingness, but the intersectional experiences of various social groups within the curriculum has been neglected. In summary, this discussion reveals that there are several key ways in which curricula and decolonial research can contribute to belonging: 1) communication of what (who) is important; 2) consideration of student learning needs; 3) appreciation of course content that is salient to students; 4) demonstration of alignment with a wider range of philosophical approaches; 5) promotion and celebration of cultural differences which allow students to be themselves; and 6) inclusion of a wide range of factors within teaching that contribute to belonging, for example the importance of place.

Is the fulfilment of objective wellbeing reflected in subjective wellbeing? A case study of vulnerable communities in Volta Delta, Ghana

There is growing interest in the measurement and conceptualisation of wellbeing due to its increasing importance within policy outcomes; however, the understanding of how different wellbeing outcomes associate within sustainability research is limited. This paper uses household survey data from the vulnerable Volta Delta, South Ghana, as a case study to illustrate the different philosophical approaches and measures of wellbeing, and the potential impact upon policy interventions. The frequent use of objective wellbeing measures, such as monetary poverty, within development policy is challenged as to whether it sufficiently reflects overall wellbeing. For example, objective monetary measures may not incorporate the intangible components of wellbeing, which can alternatively be captured within individuals’ self-evaluated, subjective wellbeing. This study first outlines the conceptual and methodological choices required when measuring wellbeing, before drawing on ideas of objective and subjective wellbeing to examine whether these concepts from different disciplines align or oppose one another. Contrasting theories within the literature justify this focus. By testing for associations between objective and subjective wellbeing outcomes, this study highlights how the methodological and conceptual choices made when measuring wellbeing can result in differing conclusions. Despite statistically significant associations being found amongst some wellbeing measures, results which show opposing outcomes highlight how subjective and objective wellbeing are not entirely interchangeable. Our study concludes there is a benefit to incorporating both objective and subjective measures in research and development targets across multiple scales to more-comprehensibly capture, and improve our understanding of, human wellbeing in vulnerable locations.

The jurisprudence of the supreme court in electoral matters and the reality of the sui generis doctrine

The jurisprudence of a court refers to the collective body of legal principles, doctrines, and decisions that guide the court's decisions and interpretations of the law. It encompasses the court's philosophical approach to legal issues, its methods of legal analysis, and its precedents and decisions. The jurisprudence of a court evolves over time, reflecting changes in societal values, legal scholarship, and the court's composition. It is essential to understanding the court's decisions and predicting future outcomes. The jurisprudence of the Supreme Court in electoral matters revolves around the antecedents and trends of the Supreme Court in deciding cases based on sui generis. This paper aims to critically appraise the application of the doctrine of sui generis as it applies to the adjudication of cases concerning election matters in Nigeria. It beams the searchlight on the Supreme Court and the effect of many decisions held based on the sui generis principle as it concerns electoral adjudication. The methodology of approach and appraisal is doctrinal and analytical. The findings are that the Supreme Court of Nigeria and the election tribunals have greatly enriched electoral jurisprudence. However, the holding of some cases based on the doctrine has been criticised for the negative effect it has on the doctrine of stare decisis and ‘substantial justice’. The paper makes recommendations that will assist the Supreme Court of Nigeria enhance its electoral jurisprudence, addressing criticisms, and strengthening the integrity of the judiciary in its adjudicatory role in the electoral process.