Philosopher's Stone Research Articles

THE UNIQUE TRANSLATION STRATEGY OF NOVEL TITLES

Titles of literary works such as novels plays an important role in attracting possible readers. Novel titles should also reflect the contents of the books. When a book is translated to other languages, the title should be translated accordingly. Novel titles are not always translated literally in the target language, they may vary from one country to another. For example, in “Harry Potter and the philosopher stone” in the UK, the phrase ‘philosopher stone’ is translated into ‘sorcerer’s stone’ in the US and ‘batu bertuah’ (miracle stone) in Indonesia. In French it is even translated into ‘Harry Potter a l’ecole des sorciers’ (Harry Potter in the school of witches). This study aims to investigate the translation strategies of English novel titles to Indonesian. By searching the internet and from private book collection, the writer collect 50 English novels which have been translated and published in Indonesian. Based on the writer’s personal preference, all the novels belong to thriller/suspense genre. The data collected were 50 English titles and their translations in Indonesian. Before arriving at this number of data, a preliminary selection has been done by eliminating the target text titles that were using literal translation strategy. This is deliberately done to discover the unique translation strategy of novel titles and to find out the reason for the specific translation strategy. Three main theories are used to analyse the novel titles, they are functions of title translation as suggested by Nord (2005) and Viezzi model translation (2013) and Vinay & Dalbernet (1995) translation strategies. In translating the titles, equivalence is pursued, but if it is not possible, there are other ways to accomplish it. The results show strategies such as adaptation, modulation, equivalence, and transposition are used to translate novel titles to Indonesian. Meanwhile based on Viezzi model, the target titles are categorised into explicit, indicative of the genre, suggestive, and seductive. This study would raise the translators’ awareness to choose more communicative and creative titles for literary translation tasks, including novels and other literary works.

Environmental Impact Analysis: Scientific Tool or Philosopher's Stone?

This commentary takes a paper from each of the three issues of Built Environment devoted to Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). The first published in 1978 reviews methods of analysis, the second from 1994 anticipates the arrival of Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA), and the third published in 2001 focuses on EIA in Japan.

The effect of “Harry Potter and Philosopher’s Stone” movie in students’ British accent pronunciation

This study aimed to examine the impact of utilizing the Harry Potter movie, "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone", as an educational instrument to facilitate the enhancement of year-9 SMP Negeri 06 Pontianak students' proficiency in British accent pronunciation. The research employed a pre-experimental research design, with a one-group pre-test and post-test approach, utilizing a sample of 30 IX C students selected through cluster random sampling methodology. The data were collected through pre-test and post-test assessments, which demonstrated that the result of the students' pre-test was lower than the post-test (85>16.67). Furthermore, the results indicated that the t-test exceeded the t-table value (28.47>1.699), thereby demonstrating a statistically significant effect. The results of the research analysis revealed that the null hypothesis was rejected while the alternative hypothesis was accepted. In addition, the effect size score (3.34) denoted a strong effect of the movie "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone", which could be concluded that the Harry Potter movie had a very significant impact on students' ability to pronounce English words properly, particularly in British accent. The findings suggest the potential of the aforementioned movie as a medium for teaching British accent pronunciation to students, which despite on its initial purpose that the Harry Potter movie is recommended media to be used for teaching ninth-grade students.

Features of translation of similes in literary translation (based on J. Rowling's novel “Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone”)

The scientific paper analyzes the transmission of similes in literary translation from English into Kazakh. On the example of the literary translation of J. Rowling “Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone”, the problems of using similes in the source language and their translation to the target language are considered. Based on the theoretical work of domestic and foreign scientists who studied similes, the problems of the features of their application, classification and translation are studied. At the same time, the features of literary translation and its importance in the preservation and dissemination of cultural heritage were considered. In the course of the study, the problem of preserving the style, tone, meaning and spirit of similes when translating similes structures from the source language into the target language was discussed. Various ways of translating similes were also discussed, taking into account cultural differences and characteristics of the target audience. The problems faced by translators, such as the gap between linguistic forms and cultural contexts, are studied. Summarizing the article, it was concluded that the study of literary translation is one of the most pressing issues for preserving linguistic and cultural diversity in world literature and providing Kazakh-speaking readers with the opportunity to enjoy great works.

Looking for the philosopher's stone: Emerging approaches to target the hallmarks of aging in the skin.

Senescence and epigenetic alterations are two important hallmarks of cellular aging. During aging, cells subjected to stress undergo many cycles of damage and repair before finally entering either apoptosis or senescence, a permanent state of cell cycle arrest. The first biomarkers of senescence to be identified were increased ß-galactosidase activity and induction of p16INK4a. Another feature of senescent cells is the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), a complex secretome containing more than 80 pro-inflammatory factors including metalloproteinases, growth factors, chemokines and cytokines. The secretome is regulated through a dynamic process involving a self-amplifying autocrine feedback loop and activation of the immune system. Senescent cells play positive and negative roles depending on the composition of their SASP and may participate in various processes including wound healing and tumour suppression, as well as cell regeneration, embryogenesis, tumorigenesis, inflammation and finally aging. The SASP is also a biomarker of age, biological aging and age-related diseases. Recent advances in anti-age research have shown that senescence can be now prevented or delayed by clearing the senescent cells or mitigating the effects of SASP factors, which can be achieved by a healthy lifestyle (exercise and diet), and senolytics and senomorphics, respectively. An alternative is tissue rejuvenation, which can be achieved by stimulating aged stem cells and reprogramming deprogrammed aged cells. These non-clinical findings will open up new avenues of clinical research into the development of treatments capable of preventing or treating age-related pathologies in humans.

Phosphorus: Chronicles of the epistemology of a vital element.

It was in the philosopher's stone quest that the alchemist Hennig Brand isolated chemiluminescent white phosphorus (P), Greek for "light bearer", from urine in 1669. By 1771 phosphorus was isolated from bone, and in 1777 it was identified by Antoine Lavoisier as a highly reactive element that exists predominantly in nature as ionic phosphate (PO43-) and in solution as phosphoric acid (H3PO4). Early 20th century studies revealed phosphorylated biomolecules as essential components of replicative nuclear material (RNA, DNA), a metabolic source of energy (ATP), and structural components of cellular membrane (phospholipid bilayer). Life on earth began as organophosphates of a self-replicating RNA that evolved into DNA and acquired a membrane to form the original eukaryotes, which eventually joined to form multicellular organisms of the deep sea. Tissue mineralization during transition from the ocean to land generated the endoskeleton, the largest phosphorus stores of evolving vertebrates. Subsequent studies of phosphate homeostasis elucidated its complex regulatory system based on the interaction of the kidney, small intestine, bone, and parathyroid glands, orchestrated by hormones (PTH, calcitriol, FGF23, Klotho), and carried out by phosphate-specific transporters (SLC34 and SLC20 families) all to ensure adequate phosphate for survival and health. Paradoxically, kidney replacement therapy in the 1970s, by prolonging the lives of millions of individuals with kidney failure, revealed the hazards of phosphorus excess. "Phosphorus the light bearer" has become in the eyes of many nephrologists "Phosphorus the cardiovascular toxin".

Metacognitive Reading Strategies to Enhance Students' Reading Comprehension in The First Harry Potter Novel' Synopsis "Harry Potter and The Philosopher's Stone (2001)” In Tutoring of Official School at Master Plato College (MPC)

Reading comprehension means extracting necessary information from a written text as efficiently as possible, rejecting unnecessary information and quickly finding what one is looking for. The main purpose of the writer in this study is to improve the student’s reading skill of Students at the third grade in official school tutoring Master Plato College. This gist of activity in this study is to focuses on how to understand the text, get the essential and detail information from the synopsis of the first harry potter film “Harry Potter and The Sorcerer’s stone (2001)”, there 12 students in this class which consisting of 8 female students and 14 male students, so the total of the students is 22 students. There are some benefits and significances of using metacognitive reading strategies in fostering reading success such as 1) Enhanced Comprehension and Retention, 2) Improved Problem-Solving Skills, 3) Increased Reading Engagement and Motivation, 4) Transferability of Skills. Metacognitive reading strategies help the students learn independently and enhance students' ability to make sense of, monitor, and understand text and evaluate the text they read. Metacognitive Reading Strategy helps students control their thinking while reading. Metacognitive reading strategies play a vital role in fostering reading success by improving comprehension, retention, critical thinking skills, problem-solving abilities, and overall engagement with the text.

Unveiling the Magic: A Scholarly Exploration of Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone

Unveiling the Magic: A Scholarly Exploration of Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone” goes through the rich tapestry of J.K. Rowling’s seminal work, dissecting its layers of meaning and cultural significance. This paper employs literary analysis to unravel the intricate themes, character dynamics, and narrative techniques present in the first installment of the Harry Potter series. Through a scholarly lens, it examines the symbolism of the Philosopher’s Stone, the nuances of alchemical allegory, and the portrayal of magic as a metaphor for empowerment and self-discovery. By illuminating these aspects, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of how the wizarding world of Harry Potter resonates with readers, captivating audiences across generations and cultures.

Moral Value of Fantasy Literary: A Critical Discourse

Fantasy literature has grown, diversified, and become famous in recent decades. One such phenomenon is Harry Potter, which has a readership base from all over the world to make this fantasy literary novel one of the world's most famous cultures. However, it is crucial to know how popular culture influences moral practices in its readers, so it is necessary to identify what kind of moral representation appears in the text. This study aims to examine the representation of ideology through moral conceptions. Fairclough's critical discourse analysis was applied to discover the reality behind the text of the Harry Potter novels and The Philosopher's Stone. The finding of this study is that there are ten discourses of moral representation related to morality in education, morality in private and public interactions, morality formed based on social strata, and morality in the view of norms and ethics. Morality is not only about good and bad but how it affects the order of life in social life, even though it is represented in an unlimited imagination.Fantasy literature has grown, diversified, and become famous in recent decades. One such phenomenon is Harry Potter, which has a readership base from all over the world to make this fantasy literary novel one of the world's most famous cultures. However, it is crucial to know how popular culture influences moral practices in its readers, so it is necessary to identify what kind of moral representation appears in the text. This study aims to examine the representation of ideology through moral conceptions. Fairclough's critical discourse analysis was applied to discover the reality behind the text of the Harry Potter novels and The Philosopher's Stone. The finding of this study is that there are ten discourses of moral representation related to morality in education, morality in private and public interactions, morality formed based on social strata, and morality in the view of norms and ethics. Morality is not only about good and bad but how it affects the order of life in social life, even though it is represented in an unlimited imagination.

Translation of Children's Literature from the Perspective of Reception Aesthetics

Children's literature, as the name suggests, is a literary work created for children and teenagers, and it plays an important role in their growth process, accompanied by the functions of education, entertainment and cognitive formation. In recent years, China's translation research has been greatly improved, but the research on children's literature translation is still lacking. The translators of children's literature are mostly adults, but the audience is children. Under the guidance of aesthetic theory, the author, from the perspective of children's readers, puts children at the center, aiming to meet their reading needs. so, this paper explores the translation of children's literature on the basis of acceptance aesthetics from the original text-centered to reader-centered, and take the Su Nong's translation of Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone and the original version as an example to explore the vocabulary, rhetoric and translation of magic spells. In terms of rhetoric, the author skillfully uses metaphors, rhymes, and parallelism techniques to make the translation reflect the stylistic style of the original text as much as possible, simultaneously increasing literary talent and bringing pleasant artistic enjoyment to children. This paper aims to popularize different perspectives and interpretations of children's literature translation for the general public, and better enable children to appreciate the aesthetics and charm of Chinese and English texts so that they can grow up healthily and develop comprehensively.

A Jungian Hero's Journey as Individuation Process in J.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone: A Jungian Approach

J. K. Rowling's Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, exposes the concepts of individuation and self-improvement through archetypes based on the works of Swiss psychiatrist Carl Gustav. The archetypes, according to Jung (1959), are all the symbolic components of the human psyche that we all carry inside us throughout life. Likewise, the novel represents a character’s development process through these archetypes and individuation in the form of shadows and personas. Considering the ideas and theory of Jung given above, it can be stated that in Rowling’s Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone, one can encounter the process of individuation in Harry, who undergoes a complete change in his personality, entering into a quest or a journey to the fantastic world, where he develops and improves his individuation for maturity and self-realization through recognizing, confronting, and assimilating the representations of shadows and persona in his psyche. This study, therefore, aims at revealing the archetypes that guide Harry’s journey throughout the stages of the Jungian hero's journey, as well as his embarkation on a quest of self-discovery and personal growth. Accordingly, in this study, as the protagonist of the novel, Harry’s heroic journey for seeking knowledge is studied and analysed in terms of Carl Jung’s theory of archetypes and individuation, by revealing that the hero's character, Harry, improves towards individuation by recognizing, confronting, and assimilating the representations of the shadow and persona in his psyche in the novel Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone.

Right today – between old issues and new challenges or about Justice in a digital world

Our approach to scientific research is intended to be a novelty in terms of Romanian legal doctrine, by addressing a topical issue - the contingency of artificial intelligence with law and justice, associating the two seemingly irreconcilable elements: on the one hand, artificial intelligence - this tool universal, in full ascent, which is portrayed by IT specialists as the solution to all social problems and tasks, a kind of Philosopher's Stone of the future - and right next to the judiciary, on the other hand - two ancient "bastions" that are left hardly conquered by futurists armed with algorithms and computers. The study addresses some issues related to the value of artificial intelligence in its connections with justice and law through a three-pronged approach: artificial intelligence as a possible subject of law, as a tool for achieving justice, but also as a possible criminal means. As for the extremely technical information, we will use a simple and comprehensive way, so that even uninitiated readers of IT secrets can understand what Artificial Intelligence (AI) is and how it works.

The Characterizations of Professor Snape in J. K. Rowling’s Harry Potter And The Philosopher’s Stone

J. K. Rowling’s Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone has presented readers with different unique teachers. Even though Rowling’s series disclose Professor Snape as a hero, the first novel depicted him as an insufferable character set to thwart the main characters’ adventure. This study aimed to provide more objective portrayals of Professor Snape through interactive qualitative data analysis. The subject of the study is J. K. Rowling’s Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone. Meanwhile, the characterizations of Professor Snape become the object of the study. As the main instrument of data collection, the researcher conducted close reading. The analysis consisted of a concurrent process of data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing, which are also synchronized with the data collected at the beginning of the research. This study reveals that Professor Snape was depicted as knowledgeable, curious, observant, hardworking, loner, partial, loyal, responsible, and authoritative. These results show that Professor Snape has good characters. However, they were overshadowed by his brooding appearance. This conclusion implies that students should not judge their teacher or others based on their appearance.

Illness, chocolate and Harry Potter.

Further information regarding magical illnesses, treatments and deaths in the Harry Potter series was recently described in a retrospective, population-based, observational study of morbidity and mortality published in the Medical Journal of Australia by Gaertner et al. (https://www.mja.com.au/journal/2022/217/11/harry-potter-and-multitudinous-maladies-retrospective-population-based). Six hundred and three wizards or witches (71% adults and 23% female) in the Harry Potter series experienced 1541 illnesses or injuries (adjusted incidence of 20.6%), with 131 deaths. Most morbidity was due to trauma, including duels or fights (553 cases, 39.2%), injuries from magical objects, potions, plants or creatures (345, 24.5%), and non-combative trauma (221, 15.7%) (9). No magical respiratory illnesses or pandemics were reported. Most deaths were due to wizarding duels (101 of 131, 77.1%). Similarly, in the Muggle world, it is estimated that 187 million people have died as a result of war since 1900 (https://www.iwm.org.uk/history/timeline-of-20th-and-21st-century-wars). Comparison of magical and Muggle treatments is harder. Gaertner et al found that few treatments (including jinxes n = 274, [19.4%] and potions n = 136 [9.6%]) were described in the books. Chocolate is specified as the most effective treatment after close contact with a dementor (Book 3: Harry Potter and the prisoner of Azkaban). Bed rest was often prescribed as an adjuvant management approach, particularly to Harry Potter after sustaining traumatic injuries (Book 1: Harry Potter and the philosopher's stone; Book 4: Harry Potter and the goblet of fire). Hospital stays were less than a week for 99% of non-fatal maladies, which is comparable to the average length of stay in an Australian Muggle hospital of 4.7 days (https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/hospitals/australias-hospitals-at-a-glance/contents/hospital-safety-and-quality). Most magical conditions were highly treatable, with only 1.4% of maladies being chronic, which is in stark contrast to the experience of most current day Muggle clinicians. An example of a magical chronic condition is that of lycanthropy (being a werewolf), which is a blood born condition caused by being bitten by a werewolf. Sadly, like many Muggle illnesses (such as human immunodeficiency virus, leprosy and tuberculosis) lycanthropy is associated with stigma, shame, fear and discrimination (https://harrypotter.fandom.com/wiki/Werewolf#Prejudice_and_discrimination). The magical healthcare system is harder to determine, but seems to be considerably less complicated than Muggle healthcare. In the magical world, there is only one type of health professional, a ‘healer’, working either in the community, such as Madame Pomfrey who works at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry (Book 1: Harry Potter and the philosopher's stone), and the many healers who work at St Mungo's Hospital for Magical Maladies and Injuries in London (Book 6: Harry Potter and the half-blood prince). Notably both men and women are healers, with Dilys Derwent being a notable St. Mungo's healer from 1722 to 1741 and subsequently headmistress of Hogwarts school (1741–1768) (Book 5: Harry Potter and the Order pf the Phoenix). By contrast, women did not start to train as Muggle doctors in the UK until 100 years later, when Elizbeth Garrett Anderson became the first woman to qualify as doctor in 1865 in the UK (https://www.london.ac.uk/about-us/history-university-london/leading-women-1868-2018/elizabeth-garrett-anderson). It is not clear whether there is a Ministry of Magic funded universal magical health service or whether magical people have to pay for private healing. There appears to be only one magical hospital in the entire UK (Book 5: Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix), suggesting there may be resource constraints. It is well recognized that many Muggle healthcare systems around the world are under considerable pressure, particularly since the coronavirus pandemic, with challenging working conditions and recent healthcare worker strikes in some countries. Lastly, the state of magical healing research is not reported in the Harry Potter series. Therefore, it is not clear if evidence based healing, clinical trials, other research methodologies, patient experience or health economics are considered or unheard of in the magical world. To conclude, there are many similarities, but also key differences, between the Harry Potter magical world and Muggle healthcare. Whether this represents art imitating life or vice versa is unclear. However, reading a good book (or seven) is an excellent form of self-care, which all respiratory clinicians should indulge in as often as possible. Similarly, as you never know when you might meet a dementor at work, it is wise to always keep some chocolate on hand. Finally to quote the sherbet lemon loving Albus Dumbledore: ‘Words are, in my not so humble opinion, our most inexhaustible source of magic, capable of both influencing injury, and remedying it’ (Book 7: Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows). None declared.

How to understand sports and traditional games and how to apply it to physical education. On the "Goal of Game".

Does philosopher's stone exist in physical education? It could be said that teaching games for understanding approach (TGfU) keeps turning everything it touches into gold: its presence in the educational centers, its volume of publications, the way of teaching games and sports, its connections with other approaches, its game categories, learning transferable principles of play. But… no, all that glitters is not gold. There are TGfU issues that should be improved. For example, these categories are disconnected from each other because TGfU lacks classification criteria. The "goal of game" is a concept that has been studied, but it has not been applied to physical education. The aim of the article is to show how to deepen the understanding sports and traditional games from the "goal of game", and to propose its applicability to physical education. The traits of "goal of game" will be identified by investigating two close concepts, "prelusory goal" (formalist philosophy of sport) and "motor-goal" (motor praxeology). The traits of "goal of game" concept: main-motor-problem, described in the game rules and that the players will try to solve during the game dynamics. The "goal of game" chances: (1) It allows us to understand sports and traditional games based on their internal logic (2) It allows us to classify traditional games and sports based on classification criteria and that can be useful to organize the physical education program; (3) It allows us to deepen the understanding of sporting games and their applicability to physical education: on the one hand, proposing progressively more specific goal of game options and, on the other hand, proposing a network model of intentions of play to understand the game dynamics and to design learning tasks. The conclusions collect some properties of the "goal of game" concept in order to propose its applicability in physical education students learning: identify and compare the main-motor-problems of the games; solve these problems during the game dynamics; transfer the procedures used to solve other games. The goal(d) of game amazes us; maybe physical education teachers are curious to continue discovering this wonderful treasure.

A MORPHOLOGICAL READING OF J.K. ROWLING’S NOVELS USING PROPP’S NARRATIVE THEORY

Narratology study has been debate from scholars from myth to postmodern times. However, although postmodern thinkers put aside a set rule of narrative, yet in fact in there are found numerous generous amount of narrative by incorporating the world and the self. This research attemps at applying morphological perspective of Propp’s narrative functions in J.K. Rowling’s novels such as Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets, and Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them. Using qualitative content analysis approach, this research was conducted by doing documentation, examination, and classification to obtain the relevant data. The result shows that there are identified 19 functions in Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone which written using propp’s nomeclature symbols as βγ2δεη1θ1A14CDEG6J1K5ExI1↑, and then 21 functions in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets written in nomeclature symbols β2γδε2ζη3θA1aBCDEF5G3H2I2Rs1MNQ1, and 13 functions in Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them written in nomeclature symbols αδ[η1η2η3]A13a3C[E7E8][F1F2F4F5F7]GH1I2[K2K5K6K7K10]Rs5Q3. In addition, J.K. Rowling’s novels which widely accepted as postmodern literary works are still relevant to Propp’s morphologic model of narrative functions approach. In short, Propp’s theory is applicable for the study of narrative not only for folktale but also other literary genres.

Reproduction of intersemiotic modality in the film adaptation of the novel “Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone”

The article focuses on the formulation of the strategy of reproduction of modal words in intersemiotic translation of the film adaptation of "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone" by J. K. Rowling. This article aims to describe the adaptive strategies carried out during the adaptation of the literary work, which can be expressed in acting, gestures, movements, and shots. Such approach allows to reflect elements as natural phenomena, buildings, movable and immovable objects. The use of adaptive strategies in both productions as well as the author's modality were explored, and the comparison of dialogues was presented. It was established that in literary works, modal words are frequently found in the author's words and in the characters’ reflections, i.e., in those segments that are susceptible to corrosion during intersemiotic translation. Therefore, to maintain the author's intention, translators’ resort to certain adaptive strategies, and the main strategies were identified on the example.

Perfect variations in dialogue: a parallel corpus approach

The variation in distribution and meaning of the English Present Perfect compared to its counterparts in other European languages raises a puzzle for the cross-linguistic semantics and pragmatics of tense and aspect. We apply Translation Mining, a form-based approach, to analyze the meaning of the HAVE-PERFECT across languages in a parallel corpus based on "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone" and its translations in Swedish, Spanish, Dutch, German and French. We use the alternation in the Harry Potter novel between narrative discourse (storytelling) and dialogue (the characters talking to each other) to establish the PERFECT as an indexical tense-aspect category that appears exclusively in dialogue. We then link the proposed information management roles of the Present Perfect (Portner 2003, Nishiyama & Koenig 2010) to moves in the language game. We find different distributions of PERFECT use across the sentence types corresponding to these moves (declarative vs. interrogative). This lends support to a cross-linguistically common rhetorical structure in sequences of PERFECT sentences (de Swart 2007).

The Era of Discontent by Brianna Noll

Reviewed by: The Era of Discontent by Brianna Noll Phill Provance (bio) the era of discontent Brianna Noll Elixir Press http://elixirpress.com/the-era-of-discontent 104 pages; Print, $17.00 Reading Brianna Noll's second collection, The Era of Discontent, is akin to taking an elemental bath in water essenced by the natural, spiritual, and [End Page 140] astral realms. There is a hint of something, a sense that at any moment in your reading of the collection, perhaps by the next page, by another poem, or even line, there might be that sought-after mysterious ingredient the author requires for a sudden Philosopher's Stone epiphany. There is a controlled yet almost desperate search in these poems for meaning in the larger world, what we see of it right in our faces and what we cannot (but suspect might exist) see out in the universal—something of poetry leveraging Raymond Williams's affect theory to knowingly lead us to comprehend through feeling the incomprehensible, what Anahid Nersessian has called "calamity form." Of course, admittedly, Nersessian's critical focus on romanticism might make this assessment at first seem far-fetched, but such a superficial assessment of Nersessian's work and Noll's would deny the reader fuller insight into Noll's theme as a meta-response to contemporary criticism that very blatantly draws parallels between our own period and the late Enlightenment, beginning with its title. That this thoughtful assessment and commentary on our times has already been well received, as winner of Elixir Press's 20th Annual Poetry Award, is hardly surprising. In the collection's introduction, contest judge Jane Satterfield (Her Familiars and Assignation at Vanishing Point) offers: The Era of Discontent is populated with scientists, saints, artists, and visionaries … the poet's reflections on the natural world interrogate our complex relationship to the environment and offer a glimpse into deep time; such concerns are viewed through a fabulist lens that underscores their powerful reach. There is perhaps no better example of this than "The Fir and a Bramble," it encapsulates Noll's power as a transliterator of the world. After describing an aura of light from a mountain forest being distilled into a taming essence for a dog, Noll writes: … Little creature,when you believe the world isa circus act, you don't need to spythrough peepholes or waxnostalgic to see that anything [End Page 141] is possible. But you will needhelp getting over the hurdleof yourself. Only then can you findyour retinue of waiting birdsto plait your hair and open youreyes and lift you, like Poseidonon his war-chariot, above the glowof the evergreen treeline. To be sure, we don't always wish to be "along for the ride" when inspiration strikes a poet, but in this case, to be present when Noll experiences what she transmutes into the totality of this poem would have been a grand gift. Noll is seeing something for us, receiving and translating past first glance into the deeper truth, the several truths that are always there yet are missed by us on so many levels. Promising an explanation of the present through the lens of history, the collection moves us to an emotional sense of what we can only otherwise intellectually understand obliquely. We are introduced to this notion in the collection's first piece, "Perenelle Flamel Contemplates the Cosmos": One day, we'll discover a planetwhere the rain is made of glass,and we'll remember that everything shares constituent parts, materia prima.I have the makings of glass, of earth,in the fist of my heart. That materia prima—the original substance of the universe—makes up every line of the collection, reminding us of our molecular kinship with the world and with one another. But while the work contemplates what makes the world and makes up the world, it also evokes the Romantics in its appreciation for the omnipresent power of an apocalyptic destruction in which "we are / stars, and all we need is a catalyst / to reveal our common, our hidden, glory." Further hints of such destruction—our smallness in it and its...

Subtitle Translation from the Perspective of Multimodal Discourse

Film and television works are multimodal discourse composed of a variety of symbol systems such as text, sound and image, so the audience's various senses can be mobilized at the same time when watching movies. Starting from the perspective of multimodal discourse analysis, this paper applies Delu Zhang’s theoretical framework of multimodal discourse analysis to analyze the subtitle translation of Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone from four aspects: culture, context, content and expression, so as to understand the influence of multimodal on subtitle translation.