Philippine State Research Articles

Entrepreneurial Engagement of the Tertiary Education Subsidy (TES) Grantees in Central Philippines State University

The Unified Student Financial Assistance System for Tertiary Education or UniFAST is the government agency in charge of implementing the Universal Access to Quality Tertiratry Education Act (RA 10931). The UniFAST was created in 2015 by virtue of RA 10687 as a system to unify existing government student financial assistance programs for Tertiary Education in the Philippines. It will ensure that deserving Filipinos are given equitable access to educational opportunities. One of these, the Tertiary Education Subsidy or TES. Subsidy as a form of financial assistance plays an important role to augment financial incapacities of students enrolled in Higher Education Institutions or HEIs (Avery, 2014). Through RA 10931 which was passed into law on August 3, 2017, the citizens were allowed full access to quality education by providing adequate funding and increasing participation rate in the tertiary education. This further gives chances to the poor but deserving students to reach their goals and finish a degree. The Implementing Rules and regulations (IRR) of this law recognizes the complementary roles of public and private Higher Educations Institutions and Technical-Vocational Institutions in the tertiary education system, and the invaluable contribution of private tertiary institutions to the education system. As been embedded in our Philippine Constitution, the quality education is an inalienable right of all Filipinos and it is the policy of the State to protect and promote the rights of students to quality education at all levels. Keywords: tertiary education subsidy, grantees, entrepreneurial, engagement

Language profile, metacognitive reading strategies, and reading comprehension performance among college students

This study dealt with the students’ language profile, metacognitive reading strategies, and reading comprehension performance adopting the descriptive-correlational method of the four hundred forty-six randomly selected students enrolled in the colleges of Forestry, Education, Engineering, Computer Science, and Information Technology in a Philippine State University. Instruments used to gather data were based on an expert validated 20-point comprehension test taken from a short story selection and an adopted 30-point Metacognitive Awareness Reading Inventory (MARI). Findings revealed that Tagalog was the most commonly spoken by the respondents, followed by Iloco and English with moderately high reading comprehension performance and average level in terms of familiarity and attitude towards the Filipino language. The Problem-Solving Strategies (PROB) was the most frequently used, followed by the Global Reading Strategies (GLOB) and the Support Reading Strategies (SUPP). The familiarity with the Filipino language and the use of Problem-solving Metacognitive Reading Strategies were found to have a significant relationship to students’ reading comprehension performance.

Psychological Well-being of Employees of a Philippine State University in Times of COVID-19 Pandemic

The study explores the level of psychological well-being of employees of a Philippine State University during the pandemic. It utilizes a quantitative design using a descriptive survey. A total of 136 employees participated in an online survey. Most of the participants are female, who are in middle adulthood, teaching, and are in permanent status. Results reveal that among the factors of psychological well-being, participants show high well-being in fairness. Significant differences were found in the factors of company confidence, leadership, communication, policy, business continuity, and role enablement when compared with personnel type. Implications for human resource improvements are further discussed.

Educational Tourism Destination Readiness and Opportunities of a State University

A state university can be a tourist destination since it possesses the A's of tourism in addition to its engagement in teaching and conduct of research. Thus, this descriptive-comparative research investigated the readiness of a Philippine state university as an educational tourism destination. It used a researcher-made questionnaire to assess the presence of attractions, accessibility, accommodation, activities, amenities, and accountability or the 6As from the perspective of 262 internal and external stakeholders. It also identified opportunities for the promotion and enhancement of tourism resources. Results show that the state university is very ready as a tourism destination in terms of the 6As. It means it highly possesses the resources, components, and conditions needed to operate as a tourism destination. The resources recommended for promotion are farm and nature attractions. The majority of opportunities for enhancement are in accessibility.

Gauging the Institution’s Potential Towards an Entrepreneurial University: The Case of a Philippine State University

The potential of a state university for entrepreneurial university transformation is determined in this study by using the mixed method, specifically the concurrent triangulation design. Strengths, weaknesses, challenges and issues are highlighted based on the guiding framework for entrepreneurial universities by the European Commission – Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (EC-OECD). Middle level managers of the institution served as participants providing data through survey instrument and interviews. Results revealed that generally the university is Going Entrepreneurial, particularly in leadership and governance; organizational capacity, people and incentives; entrepreneurship development in teaching and learning; and pathways for entrepreneurs. It is Almost Entrepreneurial in its business/external relationships for knowledge exchange, and as an internationalized institution; and only in measuring the impact of entrepreneurial university that it is described as Initially Going Entrepreneurial. Challenges and issues identified that may affect the internal system consist political leadership openness to support development plans and projects; presence of internationally-popular eco-tourism, farm tourism, cultural and heritage tourism potentials; booming business atmosphere in the province and the region; availability of local and international scholarships and fellowships for staff and students; presence of commercial banks offering loan credits; and presence of private colleges and learning centers. Recommendations for internal policy consideration include the revisit and inclusion in the strategic plan of an entrepreneurial agenda; appropriation of budget to support the entrepreneurial projects or start-ups by the faculty, staff and students; and exploration of functional engagements and linkages with external (local and international) stakeholders and willing business partners, experts and entities who could help put up or invest on incubators, science parks and the like.

The Land Law Reform in the Philippines State

This research aim to know the land reform in the Philippines has long been a contentious issue rooted in the Philippines's Spanish Colonial Period. Some efforts began during the American Colonial Period with renewed efforts during the Commonwealth, following independence, during Martial Law and especially following the People Power Revolution in 1986. This research used the qualitative with normative approach especially the regulation of Land in Philippines. The current law, the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program, was passed following the revolution and recently extended until 2014. Much like Mexico and other Spanish colonies in the Americas, the Spanish settlement in the Philippines revolved around the encomienda system of plantations, known as haciendas. As the conclusion explained that in the 19th Century progressed, industrialization and liberalization of trade allowed these encomiendas to expand their cash crops, establishing a strong sugar industry in the Philippines, especially in the Visayan island of Negros.

Readiness to Online Learning of Teachers and Students in a Philippine State University during the Covid-19 Pandemic

ABSTRACT This study was conducted at ESSU main campus during the first semester of school year 2020-2021 following the sequential explanatory mixed method research design and quantitative research descriptive method to determine the readiness of 173 purposively selected students and 102 teachers, on the use of online learning during this time of COVID-19 pandemic. The study revealed that the students are not ready with online learning and that teachers moderately agree on their preparedness for online learning. Moreover, the faculty reported that the university is conducting some activities to enhance their capacity in online learning. However, they believed that the university is not yet prepared to embrace online learning because of lack or insufficiency of required resources.

Disaster Preparedness and Climate Change

We can see foreign social scientists crisscrossing our archipelago doing research on the Philippines. It has been like this since the arrival of the western powers and up to this day wherein we leave the burden of the search for indigenous knowledge and wisdom to the foreign scholars. Setting the foreign researchers’ feat aside, doing social science research with this type of result in view is an insurmountable task that has been adequately accomplished by the team of faculty members from the University of Southeastern Philippines and Davao Oriental State College of Science and Technology with the generous support of Senator Loren Legarda. From the first four pages bearing the introduction, it can be deduced right away that this manuscript is a product of an exciting fieldwork and rigorous ethnography –a commendable endeavor indeed. Reassuringly, I am making it clear that this breakthrough research should be continued for it is time that the local academia must take into its hands the thrust of documenting and preserving indigenous knowledge systems within its geographical vicinity. The familiarity and the proximity of the academic communities with the indigenous communities do not only project the idea of awareness, but also the degree of interest and intellectual curiosity that will facilitate in the tapping of the indispensable communities for the enhancement of the existing education policies, research agenda, and pedagogical endeavors among others. With the great merits this book has and the use of English language in its text, I am sure that this book will not be only used in the local academic communities, but it will find its way into the many libraries and university holdings in the country and abroad.

Evaluation of a Teacher Education Curricula of One Philippine State University and its Relevance to Licensure Examination for Teachers Using Context, Input, Process and Product Model

Evaluation of a Teacher Education Curricula of One Philippine State University and its Relevance to Licensure Examination for Teachers Using Context, Input, Process and Product Model

DECODING VIEWS AND SENTIMENTS OF PROGRAM HEADS TOWARDS THE SUPERVISION OF INSTRUCTION DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

The purpose of this study was to decode the hidden views and sentiments from the collated written responses of Eastern Samar State University’s Program Heads regarding supervision of instructions amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. This study utilized Exploratory Sequential Mixed Method to explore and understand the perspective or sentiments of Eastern Samar State University program heads towards supervision of instruction in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were collected/collated from the participants indirectly using an interview questionnaire containing an open-ended question. The same were processed and analyzed using an open-source machine learning software called Orange toolbox (Demsar et al., 2013) wherein pre-processing, sentiment analysis and topic modelling built-in tools were utilized. The results showed that the most prominent words generated by the machine learning tool from the text file of responses are the words pandemic, performance, program, learning, difficult, supervision, instruction, internet, faculty, online students, teaching, delivery confusing, challenging, poor and connectivity. The dominant sentiment associated thereof lean towards negative polarity which implicate negative sentiments. Hidden topics were automatically generated by the machine which allowed the researchers to come up with the following related themes: “Impact of pandemic in the supervision of instruction of faculty and learning of students”, “Challenges in the delivery of instruction and supervision due to poor internet connectivity”, and “Strategic role of online modalities and connectivity in supervision and delivery of instruction”. There are limited researches navigating in text mining and sentiment analysis with the use of Orange toolbox particularly those that deals with supervision of instruction in a Philippine State University. There are related studies using machine learning software, but nothing like this study directed towards a specific gap in specific locale. KEYWORDS: Pandemic, Latent Semantic Indexing, Orange Toolbox, Sentiment Analysis, Thematic Analysis.

Technological Proficiency Level of English Faculty Members of a Philippine State University: Application of Cognition Learning Approaches

In today’s digital society, the role of teachers in the classroom has technologically challenged them over the past so many years. New technological tools including interactive videos, digital light processing projectors, and other significant appurtenances of digital learning have become more prevalent amidst its essential impulse to the millennial learners. In conjunction with this, teachers must delve into innovative teaching strategies and how to effectively integrate them into the classroom and adapt these methods with the new digital learning devices. The study notes that teacher technological performance can affect the meaningful change in the pedagogical setup and that learning with the aid of technology is a more interactive and effective process of learning acquisition. The effective use of modern equipment in teaching relies mainly on the exposure of a certain teacher in seminars, training, and other related professional skills of advanced technologies. Under this circumstance, many teachers are still using the conventional way of teaching and perhaps some of them will never intend to use technology as a supplement or rather as a core component of instruction. This study provided a modest understanding of the technological proficiency of the target respondents and the opportunity to know their proficiency level in the utilization of advanced technologies. Henceforth, the study revealed the technological proficiency level of the respondents through the use of digital devices and the integration of these available instructional tools in their classes.
 Keywords: Technological Proficiency, Situated Cognition, Distributed Cognition, Socially Shared Cognition, Cognition Learning Theory

Determining the pedagogical value of code-switching: functions of teacher code-switching in tertiary level mathematics classrooms

ABSTRACT Higher education institutions in the Philippines are directed to teach mathematics in only English or Filipino, implying that code-switching for instruction is neither promoted nor encouraged despite teachers’ and students’ multilingualism. This is true for other multilingual countries with English as an official language. However, literature shows that teachers in multilingual classrooms code-switch to deliver instruction. This study determined whether classroom code-switching (CS) had any pedagogical value by identifying the functions of tertiary-level mathematics teachers’ Tagalog-English CS. Data from four mathematics teachers and their students in a Philippine state college were gathered through interviews, surveys, and class observations. Data were categorised according to the CS functions of Halliday and Matthiessen. Results warranted the creation of fourteen function subtypes and a new function, communicative. Findings show that teachers code-switched for ideational, textual, interpersonal, and communicative purposes. The ideational function is the most elaborated, confirming that CS was used primarily for mathematics pedagogy. Some CS instances were not mainly pedagogical but ultimately contributed to communication and instruction. Moreover, data highlighted the polarity of teachers’ CS, revealing that it can advantage or disadvantage instruction and rapport. Hence, teacher training should utilise findings and develop teachers’ CS awareness to achieve principled pedagogical CS.

Comparative Historical Trends of Faculty Performance in Instruction, Research and Extension in a Philippine State University

Objectives: This research focused on the determining the difference of faculty performance in instruction, research and extension in the last 3 years. Methods: The researcher used mean, variance percentage, ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test to determine the difference of faculty performance from 2017-2018. Findings: The analyses revealed that there were positive variance percentages of faculty performance in instruction (+2.47%) and extension (+14.28%) while a negative variance percentage was recorded for research (-4.62%) from 2017-2018. Furthermore, a negative variance percentage for instruction (–0.43%), research (-12.9%) and extension (-25%) was recorded from 2018-2019. The same analysis also revealed that there is no significant difference of the faculty performance in instruction (p-value= .8704), research (p-value=0.48486) and extension (p-value=0.14412) from 2017-2019. The negative variance percentage is indicative of a waning productivity which can be attributed to many factors such as lack of time in the conduct of extension and research, lack of funding support and lack of community participation. Novelty: The result of the study can be utilized as inputs the creation of policies that are geared towards the improvement of faculty performance. Keywords: trend; faculty performance; instruction; research; extension

Migration infrastructure, moral economy, and intergenerational injustice in mother-and-child migration from the Philippines to Japan

ABSTRACT In this paper, I discuss how a legal amendment in Japan’s Nationality law, in force since 2009 and celebrated as a victory for children’s rights, soon opened new opportunities for labour brokers to send Japanese-Filipino offspring and their Filipina mothers to work in Japanese care-giving facilities and in factories. While the processes of recruitment, selection, training and placement resemble those commonly followed by commercial migrant brokers in the Philippines, Japanese descendants and their Filipina parent travel to Japan on family-related visas enabling their brokers to skirt some of the regulations set by the Philippine state. The recent cross-border mobility of Japanese-Filipinos and their mothers to Japan shows that migration infrastructure is a patchwork stitched from regulatory loopholes and opportunities, commercial responses, humanitarian counter-dynamics, and individual plans and desires. I address how migration infrastructure is interrelated with the perpetuation of socio-economic inequality and the moral economy of migration, as (would-be) migrants’ limited recourse to legal instruments and cross-border mobility creates a dependence on intermediaries.

Migrating beyond networks: the mechanisms of sending state intervention

ABSTRACT This article analyzes the mechanisms through which sending state policies intervene in labor migration flows. Relying primarily on data from the Philippine state’s system of overseas contract migration, this article compares the main modalities of sending state intervention with those identified by the dominant theories of migration causation – social capital/migrant networks theory, which posits that the linkages between sending and receiving countries facilitate migration flows. Sending state policiesmimic or complement the two main mechanisms of migration facilitation: risk/cost mitigation and the initiation of contacts. They offer more formalized variations of the information distribution and material support that occurs through migrant networks, and serve as a useful, and sometimes necessary, counterpart to receiving states that are seeking to solve labor market challenges or to exert more control over existing migration flows. Finally, sending state can go beyond existing linkages through the explicit targeting of particular markets and the development of domestic human capital.

Academic Silver Linings in a Philippine State University Amid the Early Stages of Pandemic Cases

The primary role of the academe is knowledge building, however, due to the prevailing digital divide, some institutions of higher learning were not able to offer even Emergency Online Teaching (EOT) for continuous formal education during the early stages of the pandemic. This article highlights diversified ways that a state university from a developing country (Philippines) responded to the crisis to offer assistance towards the social development of the stakeholders amid the COVID-19 pandemic.

Organizational Culture as Predictor of Faculty Members’ Soft Skills in Philippine State Universities

This paper investigated the relationship between organizational culture and soft skills. Data were collected among selected faculty members in the three different state universities. Using convenient sampling, the study included 324 respondents, one in each state university from the main island of the Philippines (Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao). This study used a descriptive-correlational design which utilized a self-constructed questionnaire with a Cronbach Alpha of 0.907 internal consistency, having formatted on a 4-point scale. The result showed that the organizational culture of faculty members is strong with a mean of 3.5 (SD=.48), and the soft skills of faculty members are good with a mean of 3.23 (SD=.44). Moreover, there is a significant relationship between organizational culture and soft skills, specifically, the clan culture negatively related to soft skills with a coefficient value of -.070 with a contribution of .09% in the variance. This implies that clan culture has a possible adverse relationship with soft skills. Based on the path model organizational culture has a direct effect on soft skills.

The shift to flexible learning amidst the pandemic: the case of English language teachers in a Philippine state university

ABSTRACT While studies on online learning have been extensive, it remains unclear, however, how educators engage themselves in the sudden shift to online/remote learning or distance education because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, there is a lacuna in the literature concerning English language teachers’ perceptions of the shift from the classroom to online teaching. To date, in the Philippines, no single study exists, which has examined the same or related focus. Thus, through a survey and focus group discussions among 38 Filipino university teachers of English, this study explores how English language teachers view the problems, advantages and disadvantages, and points for improvement in flexible learning (FL) amidst the pandemic. Findings indicated that most of the problems were minor. However, the most crucial concerns include comprehension of learning content, student engagement, and internet connectivity, which were likewise claimed by the participants as disadvantages of FL. The analysis also revealed two benefits: convenience, and enhancement of teaching and learning. Further, the participants emphasized the following suggestions to improve FL: planning, implementation, and monitoring of school administration; provision of adequate internet and technological resources; and capacity-building and trainings.

ASSESSMENT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL TEST RESULTS OF FRESHMEN EDUCATION STUDENTS

Psychological testing in schools is a beneficial activity that helps a student achieve their goals and helps diagnosed social, cognitive, or behavioral problems. This study aimed to assess the psychological test results of education students in a Philippine state university. The study utilized secondary data from 443 education students at the university. Descriptive measures and multiple regression models were employed in evaluating the data and determining the influencing factor of psychological test results, respectively. Results revealed that the selected demographic variables as gender, degree program, type of high school, and over-all grade point average have no significant association with the psychological test results of education students. Furthermore, this study has documented the robust and positive evidence that Mathematics and English grade point average contributed to the psychological test scores of the students. The results go to infer that students with a good background in Mathematics and English subjects in high school have a good foundation in analytical and logical thinking during college.

Materials development in flexible learning amid the pandemic: perspectives from English language teachers in a Philippine state university

ABSTRACT The literature’s focus on textbooks as an aspect of English language teaching (ELT) materials development (MD) has been significant and extensive. With the current setup of ELT within the context of online, distance, or flexible learning (FL) caused by the unprecedented and massive shift in education delivery during the pandemic, it remains unclear how ELT practitioners engage in MD in such modes of learning. Thus, studies on ELT MD in online or FL remain underexplored. Through both online semi-structured and follow-up email interviews among eight Filipino university teachers of English, this study explores English language teachers’ perceptions toward MD in FL. Findings indicated three salient ways of MD in FL: following guidelines set by the University, utilizing one’s creativity and resourcefulness, and focusing on collaboration among learners. The analysis also revealed the following perceived benefits of MD in FL: stimulating students’ learning process, fostering an inclusive classroom, improving one’s teaching insights and practices, and empowering one’s teaching motivation and autonomy. Further, the participants shared the following challenges in MD: time constraint in preparing instructional materials, limited resources, and difficulty in adjusting materials for online teaching.