Philip Bell Research Articles

Mapping Taste: Urban Modernities from theTatlerandSpectatortoFrederick Douglass’ Paper

AbstractThis essay, which is part of a larger book project, reflects my interest in rethinking concepts of Black modernity and speculating on its possible manifestations in different forms at different historical moments. Specifically, I posit the emergence of an urban Black modernity in US northern cities during the antebellum era. I begin by mapping a literary history of urban modernity in periodical culture over a span of 150 years. I examine its origins in Richard Steele’s Tatler (1709–11) and Joseph Addison and Steele’s Spectator (1711–12), which detail the rise of modern London and its new middle-class subjects, whose conspicuous consumption demanded the regulation of taste, deemed a crucial marker of modernity. This urban modernity is then reconfigured across the Atlantic in New York, specifically in Washington Irving’s Letters of Jonathan Oldstyle, Gent (1802) and Salmagundi (1807–08), which anatomize the behaviors of New York’s social elite. I then elucidate how a group of Black New York correspondents to Frederick Douglass’ Paper (1852–55)—notably James McCune Smith, William J. Wilson, and Philip Bell—take up and repurpose such representations of urban modernity to define the taste of the city’s Black urbanites and meet their intellectual, social, and political needs at mid-century.

C19: "Unsettling,": March 17-20, 2016, State College, PA

C19: "Unsettling,"March 17-20, 2016, State College, PA Hannah Lauren Murray (bio), Christy L. Pottroff (bio), Christine Yao (bio), William Hunt, and Anthony G. Cohen (bio) The 2016 C19 conference theme was "Unsettling," an indication that the fourth biennial meeting would feature work dedicated to new perspectives and revitalizing critiques. "Unsettling" necessarily called for revisionist approaches "to the methodologies, geographies, languages, and texts that disturb, divert, and reconstitute" the field, and it drew scholars prepared for the occasion. Race was a major analytical vector that helped destabilize such fields as print and material culture, science studies, law, and liberalism. Interdisciplinarity and intersectionality played important roles in topics including urban planning, nationalism, food studies, and religiosity, which unsettled canonical texts and scholarly methodologies. This unsettling resulted in a number of provocative tectonic shifts in nineteenth-century American literary studies. Program Link: https://c19conference.files.wordpress.com/2016/01/2016-conference-program-updated-3-3.pdf unsettling race, nation, and the borderline Presenters on the "Conversions: Race, Religion and the Politics of Belonging" panel considered how race manifests in antebellum religious texts. Ben Bascom examined Christianity as a tool against colonialism and slavery in Boyrereau Brinch/Jeffrey Brace's The Blind African Slave (1810). Bascom argued that through religious practice, Christians foster inclusion and change; in contrast, when [End Page 144] they adhere to the institution of slavery, they legitimize exclusion. Duncan Faherty investigated another slave narrative, on Omar Ibn Said's 1831 Arabic autobiography. Said's decision to write in Arabic and transcribe Koranic suras from memory, Faherty contended, demonstrates resistance against his state-imposed identity. Faherty asked what other texts may have been lost through white America's ignorance and mistranslation of enslaved persons' non-English expressions. Shelby Johnson read William Apess' "Eulogy on King Phillip" (1836) as a revisionary interpretation of Christian thought that materializes history and refuses Native American spectralization. In Apess' eulogy, a disinterred child's corpse bears material witness to suffering and thus, Johnson argued, forcefully indicts white apathy to Native displacement. Ashley Reed argued that Bayard Taylor's short story "Confessions of a Medium" (1860) illuminates white middle-class male anxieties concerning immigration and integration through spiritualist performance. When a white female medium channels spirits such as Blackhawk from the nation's unsettled borders, Reed noted, spiritualism's unruly world threatens to destabilize ideas of race, gender, and sexuality. Liberalism was another concept that conference participants interrogated. In "Race and the Fault Lines of Liberalism: Sex, Fashion, Food," contributors assessed how networks of communication and exchange in the Black Atlantic defy Eurocentric assumptions about the liberal subject and public sphere. In her discussion of Leonora Sansay's novel Zelica: The Creole (1820), Carroll Smith-Rosenberg questioned how the text's backdrop in the Haitian Revolution undermines the raced, gendered, and heterosexed attributes that the Ages of Revolution and Enlightenment too frequently assumed. Reconnoitering the print culture in nineteenth-century Harlem, Carla Peterson compared the society periodicals disseminated by publishers such as Philip Bell and James McCune Smith to [End Page 145] those of Joseph Addison, Richard Steele, and Washington Irving. For Peterson, the print culture activities of these "Black Gothamites" bespeak the presence of an African American public sphere and cultural consciousness, championing the adoption and refinement of a middle-class gentility. Reviewing the work of African American cookbook authors in the nineteenth century, Rafia Zafar understood the compiled recipes as reflecting the culinary knowledge and sensibilities of the African diaspora and an emergent black hospitality industry. According to Zafar, in works by chef-authors such as Malinda Russell and James Hemings, authors intimate first-hand experience with American chattel slavery to enhance recipes' authenticity. This attention to unconventional forms of writing and language likewise informed "The Poetic of Community: From Abolition to Post-War Reunion." The panel questioned how politicized instances of citation, intertextuality, and collective poetics might forge a new understanding of the circabellum's dynamic reading and writing publics. Faith Barrett presented on African American abolitionist Amos Gerry Beman's prolific scrapbooking efforts. According to Barrett, Beman's pairing of newspaper clippings with acrostic poems celebrates black leaders in the American antislavery movement while supplying examples of veneration, contemplation, and political...

America and Australia: Americanization and Political Culture

In 1998 an excellent survey, edited by Philip Bell and Roger Bell, explored the influences of American life and culture on Australia. Scarcely any aspect of Australian life was unaffected by American example or direct intervention by Americans, almost from the beginning of our colonial history. This fine collection of essays exposed a rich vein of observation on the United States, and offered astute commentary on the interactions between our two polities — all the while accepting that America, as vastly bigger than Australia, was the dominant partner in any exchange. Yet the somewhat patriotic tenor of the volume was that, although these American influences were everywhere to be found, they were largely assimilated to our own purposes, and changed into acceptable Australian patterns. As one of the contributors put it, the process was largely to 'adopt, adapt and transform'. This applied as much to language as to popular culture, film, television, sport, urbanization, literature, race relations, industrial relations and popular movements.

The interface between MSK radiology and musculoskeletal and sports medicine practice: Who takes clinical responsibility for the patient?

A novel approach to traditional clinical radiology presentations took place recently in Oxford. The British Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine (BIMM) hosted a Spring Symposium attended by sports physicians, rheumatologists, general practitioners with a special interest (GPSIs), and radiologists with a special interest in musculoskeletal (MSK) problems. Given the enthusiasm of sports medicine physicians and other non-radiology trained physicians in the use of imaging to complement their diagnostic abilities and administer therapeutic agents, with an ever likely potential for ‘turf battles’, a lively interaction between radiologists and non-radiologists was assured. Speakers included distinguished consultants in the fields of radiology, MSK medicine, orthopaedics, and sports medicine from London, Salisbury, Birmingham, and Oxford. The perennial problem for clinicians, outlined by Dr Grahame Brown (MSK physician) is the problem of making a diagnosis. He chose to put diagnosis in the widest context. Listening to the patient’s story without interrogation, building a rapport to enable elicitation of all the thoughts, fears, and attitudes of the patient in the context of their own individual lives being the only real way of getting to the roots of the presenting symptoms. A thorough examination using palpation to identify tender tissues and dysfunction complements the history and builds a complete picture. Without this complete picture interpretation of normal and abnormal imaging findings remains a two dimensional approach. This led on to a talk by Dr Philip Bell, consultant in sports and exercise medicine (SEM), outlining the essentials of sports medicine practice. Injury is often related to ‘what they do and how they do it’. High volume and repetitive training can result in abnormal imaging that simply reflects normal physiological changes, (a good example being the endurance athlete’s heart which used to be interpreted as ventricular hypertrophy). Diagnosis should be made clinically, imaging usually confirming what you know clinically. He pointed out the danger of uncertain clinical diagnosis and then going on an ‘imaging fishing trip’ which might throw up irrelevant findings and lead to unnecessary operations. Examples are asymptomatic soccer players with femoro-acetabular impingement (cam or pincer femoral heads) and small labral tears, and asymptomatic shoulders in tennis players with rotator cuff tears.

Philip Bell: a champion of the Modern Movement in Northern Ireland

Architecture in Northern Ireland in the twentieth century followed much the same pattern as elsewhere in the British Isles moving, broadly, from historic styles around the turn of the century, through a phase of Arts and Crafts activity for a decade or so, until settling down to a concentrated period of interest in Neo-Georgian styling in the 1920s and '30s. This inter-war era included, however, some examples of Modernism, primarily of an ornamented Art Deco type but occasionally of a more plain variety which ranged between Functionalism and the International Style. Examples of this type of modern architecture – characterised by flat roofs, white walls, large horizontal windows and a general avoidance of ornamentation – formed only a comparatively small part of the overall output of the period in Northern Ireland, and, for most architects who were involved, their contribution amounted to little more than a building or two; such was the prevailing tradition-bound architectural mood of the time.One architect in Northern Ireland, however, demonstrated a commitment to the Modern Movement that appears to have been greater than most. That was Philip Bell, whose name has been mentioned from time to time by various commentators, whether as a designer of Modernist houses or as the architect of one other particularly well-known building of the 1930s in Northern Ireland, the Strangford Lough Yacht Club House, which was an accomplished and stylish enough building to have been featured in the English architectural press at the time.

‘Differences … in Dealing with The Australian Public’: Australia as A Foreign Market in the 1920s

‘Differences … in Dealing with The Australian Public’: Australia as A Foreign Market in the 1920s

‘A worse importation than chewing gum’: American Influences on The Australian Press and Their Limits—The Australian Gallup Poll, 1941–1973

In studies of the Australian press, a wide range of American influences—on news genres, on notions of newsworthiness and presentation, and on the language in which stories are written—has been larg...

The Contribution of Philip W. Bell to Accounting Thought

SYNOPSIS: This paper reviews the contribution of the late Philip Bell to accounting thought. He is best known for his joint work with Edgar O. Edwards, The Theory and Measurement of Business Income. This seminal work is put in context by exploring Bell’s earlier work as an economist and his later work, in which he developed applications and extensions of the Edwards and Bell model. Many of his concerns are relevant to the policy and research issues of today.

Unexpected Places: Relocating Nineteenth-Century African American Literature (review)

Reviewed by: Unexpected Places: Relocating Nineteenth-Century African American Literature Michael K. Johnson Unexpected Places: Relocating Nineteenth-Century African American Literature. By Eric Gardner. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2009. 258 pages, $50.00. Eric Gardner's latest book continues the task he began in Jennie Carter: A Black Journalist of the Early West (2007) of documenting the presence of African American literature in Unexpected Places, whether those places be textual (periodicals) or geographic (the American frontier). That we don't expect to find African American literature in these places suggests the narrowness of our approaches, a privileging of the "bound book" in literary studies, an emphasis on northeastern and southeastern population [End Page 211] centers in African American studies, an inflexibility in Western American studies as to what constitutes "the West" and as to which groups' experiences count as representative of westernness (7). Print culture was extraordinarily important to nineteenth-century African Americans. The press provided a means of political activism and served to connect disparate groups of black communities into a "metaphorical black nation within a nation" (18). Gardner's study focuses primarily on black-owned newspapers (and on articles, letters, poems, and fiction published in those periodicals) located in places such as St. Louis, Indianapolis, and San Francisco. The black periodical press in the nineteenth century was "the central publication outlet for many black writers," and ignoring this rich archive of material has led literary studies to "define the landscape of nineteenth-century black literature as much, much narrower than it really was" (10, 7). Gardner also suggests that applying a contemporary understanding of the American West has prevented us from fully considering the western-ness of nineteenth-century texts. Black writers challenged antebellum "depictions of St. Louis as the gateway to the West (and thus to America's future)" via visions of St. Louis as "a 'gateway' to the heart of slavery" (25). Thus, the concept of St. Louis as a specifically western place was an important element of anti-slavery rhetoric. And whether or not we currently think of Indiana as part of the American West, writers for the Indianapolis-based Repository in the 1850s certainly thought of themselves as westerners. In an apostrophe to the newspaper itself, editor John Mifflin Brown writes, "Go thou, then, into every family, and soar not above the humble cabins of thy own native West; visit the frontier settler, and make his home the place of cheer" (63–64). While Gardner may "unexpectedly" place St. Louis and Indianapolis in the West, he also visits more expected western places, including postbellum California newspapers such as the San Francisco Elevator and the Pacific Appeal, which together "articulated a sense of the West as a center of black citizenship" (94). The Elevator in particular brought together "writers spread throughout the state of California, and writers throughout the larger West—from Thomas Detter in the Idaho Territory to a group of correspondents in black British Columbia," joined by the shared task of creating a specifically black western identity, and guided by an editor, Philip Bell, who "placed a clear emphasis on the black West and specifically black California" (113, 114). This chapter alone makes Unexpected Places essential reading for scholars of the American West. [End Page 212] Michael K. Johnson University of Maine at Farmington Copyright © 2010 The Western Literature Association

DEAN PHILIP BELL and STEPHEN G. BURNETT, editors. Jews, Judaism, and the Reformation in Sixteenth-Century Germany. (Studies in Central European Histories, number 37.) Boston: Brill. 2006. Pp. xxxi, 572. $196.00

DEAN PHILIP BELL and STEPHEN G. BURNETT, editors. Jews, Judaism, and the Reformation in Sixteenth-Century Germany. (Studies in Central European Histories, number 37.) Boston: Brill. 2006. Pp. xxxi, 572. $196.00

Are Viruses Alive?

This article discusses how viruses, somewhere between living and nonliving, are categorized in biology, and their role in evolution. For about 100 years, the scientific community has repeatedly changed its collective mind over what viruses are. First seen as poisons, then as life-forms, then biological chemicals, viruses today are thought of as being in a gray area between living and nonliving: they cannot replicate on their own but can do so in truly living cells and can also affect the behavior of their hosts profoundly. The seemingly simple question of whether or not viruses are alive, which my students often ask, has probably defied a simple answer all these years because it raises a fundamental issue: What exactly defines "life?" Viruses have their own, ancient evolutionary history, dating to the very origin of cellular life. In fact, along with other researchers, Philip Bell of Macquarie University in Sydney, Australia, and I contend that the cell nucleus itself is of viral origin. INSETS: Overview/A Little Bit of Life;Rising from the Dead--and Other Tricks.

Americanization and Australia.

Journal Article Americanization and Australia. Ed. by Philip Bell and Roger Bell. (Sydney: University of New South Wales Press, 1998. xii, 282 pp. Paper, $29.95, ISBN 0-86840-784-4.) Get access Jeffery C. Livingston Jeffery C. Livingston California State University, Chico, California Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 86, Issue 4, March 2000, Pages 1877–1878, https://doi.org/10.2307/2567733 Published: 01 March 2000

British government views on the importance of public opinion during the Second World War

Philip Bell, British Government Views on the Importance of Public Opinion During the Second World War, p. 33-38. The British government attributed a high importance to public opinion, which had four different aspects : Parliamentary opinion; the views of the 'political nation' (activists and militants); the role of the mass media (press, radio and cinema); and general opinion in the country. Opinion in all these forms was considered vital in a number of areas. First, morale was crucial, because if it wavered or collapsed (as seemed possible, e.g. during 1942) the war might be lost. Second, the elaborate systems of wartime administration relied largely upon the cooperation of the people to whom they were applied. Third, the government believed that some aspects of foreign policy, notably relations with the USA and the Soviet Union, might be greatly affected by public opinion. For all these reasons, the British government set out to assess and influence public opinion.

Providence Island, 1630-1641: The Other Puritan Colony

List of maps Preface Author's note 1. The Providence Island company and its colony: the program 2. Founding a colony on Providence Island 3. Contested authority: the governorship of Captain Philip Bell 4. Frustrated hopes for economic development 5. Land and society: the middling planters 6. Servants into slaves 7. Military requirements and the people's response 8. The turbulent religious life of Providence Island 9. Governing puritan privateers: the governorships of Robert Hunt and Nathaniel Butler 10. The business history of the Providence Island company 11. The end and persistence of Providence Island Appendixes Biographical essay Index.

Book reviews

Book reviews

Implicated: The United States in Australia.

Journal Article Implicated: The United States in Australia. By Philip Bell and Roger Bell. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1993. xii, 220 pp. Paper, $22.00, ISBN 0-19-553514-6.) Get access Rob Kroes Rob Kroes University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 82, Issue 1, June 1995, Page 298, https://doi.org/10.2307/2082076 Published: 01 June 1995

BOOK REVIEWS

Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale GeografieVolume 82, Issue 4 p. 310-317 BOOK REVIEWS First published: September 1991 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9663.1991.tb00810.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Abstract A. E. ANDERSSON, D.F. BATTEN, B. JOHANSSON & P. NIJKAMP, eds., Advances in Spatial Theory and Dynamics LUC ANSELIN & MOSS MADDEN, eds., New Directions in Regional Analysis. Integrated and Multi-Regional Approaches PHILIP BELL & PAUL CLOKE, eds., Deregulation and Transport: Market Forces in the Modern World. R. PRESTWICH & P. TAYLOR, Introduction to Regional and Urban Policy in the United Kingdom R.I.D. HARRIS, C. W. JEFFERSON and J.E. SPENCER, eds., The Northern Ireland Economy: A Comparative Study in the Economic Development of a Peripheral Region A. G. CHAMPION, ed., Counterurbanization; The Changing Pace and Nature of Population Deconcentration MICHAEL P. CONZEN, ed., The Making of the American Landscape. R. J. JOHNSTON, Geography and Geographers. Anglo-American Human Geography since 1945. MASAHISA FUJITA, Urban Economic Theory, Land Use and City Size. PETER J. TAYLOR, Britain and the Cold War: 1945 as Geopolitical Transition. H. A. REITSMA & J. M. G. KLEINPENNING, The Third World in Perspective. Volume82, Issue4September 1991Pages 310-317 RelatedInformation

Book reviews : Programmed Politics, A Study of Australian Television. Philip Bell, Käthe Boehringer and Stephen Crofts, Sydney, Sable Publishing, 1982, 164 pp

Book reviews : Programmed Politics, A Study of Australian Television. Philip Bell, Käthe Boehringer and Stephen Crofts, Sydney, Sable Publishing, 1982, 164 pp

Book Reviews : PROGRAMMED POLITICS: A STUDY OF AUSTRALIAN TELEVISION. By Philip Bell, Kathe Boehringer and Stephen Crofts. Sable Publishing, 1982. 164 pp. $16.95. SOUNDS REAL: RADIO IN EVERYDAY LIFE. By C. S. Higgins and P. D. Moss. University of Queensland Press, 1982. 237 pp. $14.95

Book Reviews : PROGRAMMED POLITICS: A STUDY OF AUSTRALIAN TELEVISION. By Philip Bell, Kathe Boehringer and Stephen Crofts. Sable Publishing, 1982. 164 pp. $16.95. SOUNDS REAL: RADIO IN EVERYDAY LIFE. By C. S. Higgins and P. D. Moss. University of Queensland Press, 1982. 237 pp. $14.95

Australia and Canada

THE MASS MEDIA IN AUSTRALIA by J.S. Western and Colin A. Hughes (New York and St. Lucia: University of Queensland Press, 1982mdash;$22.50/12.50). NEW MEDIA: LAW AND POLICY edited by Mark Armstrong (Business Manager, University of New South Wales Law Journal, P.O. Box 1, Kensington, NSW 2033mdash;A$15.00, paper). THE BROADCASTING CHRONOLOGY: 1809-1980 by Yolanda Allen and Susan Spencer (Australian Film and Television School, 13-15 Lyonpark Rd., North Ryde NSW 2113mdash;price not given, paper). SOUNDS REAL: RADIO IN EVERYDAY LIFE by C.S. Higgins and P.D. Moss (St. Lucia and New York: University of Queensland Press, 1982mdash;$27.50/14.95). PROGRAMMED POLITICS: A STUDY OF AUSTRALIAN TELEVISION by Philip Bell, et al. (Sydney: Sable Publishing/also available from Gilliam Horgan, 525 Hudson St., New York, NY 10014mdash;$23.50, paper). TELECOMMUNICATIONS REGULATION AND THE CONSTITUTION by Robert J. Buchan, et al. (Institute for Research on Public Policy, 2149 Mackay Street, Montreal, Quebec H3G 2J2 Australia/Ren...