Philanthropic Causes Research Articles

Pharmaceutical Research Companies in the US made contributions totalling more than $US8 billion in cash and products to philanthropic causes in 2005,

Pharmaceutical Research Companies in the US made contributions totalling more than $US8 billion in cash and products to philanthropic causes in 2005,

The Visible Lesbian

SUMMARY The Lesbian Community Action Association is a grassroots organization founded in a Midwestern university town in 1993 to counteract and thwart the efforts of the Amendment Coalition. These social and religious conservatives were collecting signatures in the hopes of placing on a state-wide ballot an initiative that would have made it illegal for cities, counties, and other governmental organizations to pass legislation protecting the rights of homosexuals in areas such as housing and employment. Once the crisis passed, the LCAA continued its existence as a service and social organization, as well as a political one. One important purpose of the LCAA remains making lesbians visible within the larger community to improve attitudes toward them. Members do this by engaging in philanthropic causes and donating time and money to charities.

Catholic Charitable Endeavour in London, 1810–1840. Part I

The primary focus of this article centres on the two decades that form the prelude to Catholic Emancipation although reference is made to activity outside this time frame and to cities other than London. Charitable endeavour is taken to include all individual voluntary effort to sustain and support Catholic churches, schools and other Catholic organisations in need of assistance. It also relates to assistance given to individuals in need of help. Such ‘endeavour’ also encompasses group and community-based voluntary activity. While it may seem unnecessary to define charitable endeavour, Mary J. Oates in a recent study on the Catholic philanthropic tradition in America heavily circumscribes what she means by the term, and excludes a number of subjects from her examination, thus:Not all contributions to the Church are philanthropic. For example, contributions to support the local pastor, Church, and parish programs which chiefly benefit the congregation itself, do not qualify as charitable giving. Nor do gifts by individual Catholics to extra-ecclesial philanthropic causes.

SAACS Community Service with a Competitive Edge

The student clubs of all the departments housed in the Physical Sciences Building at Eastern Illinois University united in November of 1996 for a worthy, philanthropic cause and some friendly competition. The Psychology, Physics, Geoscience, and Chemistry Clubs held a coin war to raise money for the Charleston Food Pantry. Each club earned points from the money placed in their department;s container. Pennies placed in a container counted as positive points whereas all other coins and bills counted as negative points. Point values equaled the face value of the money. During the two-day event, students, staff, and faculty showed tremendous spirit and support for their departments. A total of $122.81 was collected, including over $60 in pennies alone. Every cent of the money collected went to the food pantry to help feed needy families during the holiday season.

Divided Loyalties: Justice William Johnson and the Rise of Disunion in South Carolina, 1822–1834

Divided Loyalties: Justice William Johnson and the Rise of Disunion in South Carolina, 1822-1834 Timothy S. Huebner My reputation is the property of the United States. It is in safe hands and defies scrutiny. But I wish to live in harmony with those around me. The smiles of my fellow citizens are dear to me. William Johnson, 1822 In 1822, Justice William Johnson of the Supreme Court of the United States became embroiled in a heated controversy with many of the residents of his hometown of Charleston, South Carolina. Stung by the fear ofa slave con­ spiracy, political leaders in the city and through­ out the lowcountry region had acted swiftly to apprehend the alleged rebels and their leader, a mulatto named Denmark Vesey. In the midst of the crisis, Johnson urged caution in a letter to a Charleston newspaper and warned against allow­ ing “popular demand for a victim” to undermine the lawful administration ofjustice. Local lead­ ers defensively reacted to Johnson’s admonitions, and a war of words resulted that severely dam­ aged the Justice’s relationship with many of the residents of both Charleston and the state as a whole.1 The strife surrounding Johnson’s comments about the Vesey conspiracy was merely the first of a series of disputes between the Justice and South Carolina’s extremist political leadership. Over the course ofthe next decade, until his death in 1834, Johnson repeatedly antagonized South Carolinians with his relatively moderate views on slavery, his unswerving devotion to national­ istic principles, and his firm opposition to the doctrine of nullification. Johnson’s myriad troubles sprang from tensions inherent in ser­ vice on the nationalistic Marshall Court and citi­ zenship in the progressively disunionist state of South Carolina. The experience of Johnson demonstrates that the constitutional component of sectionalism was not confined to abstract doctri­ nal debates over the Marshall Court’s decisions, but that it also shaped the daily experiences of antebellum federal judges who often grappled with competing allegiances to state and nation.2 Bom in Charleston in 1771, the son ofblack­ smith William Johnson, Sr., and Sarah Nightin­ gale, Johnson had strong ties to his place ofbirth. After graduating in 1790 with highest honors from Princeton, Johnson returned to his home­ town, where he entered the law office ofCharles Cotesworth Pinckney, a leading figure in Charleston society.3 After establishing a law practice in Charleston, Johnson quickly made a name for himself. In 1794, the South Carolina Society, an organization of elite Charlestonians who supported philanthropic causes, admitted 20 1995 JOURNAL him to membership; later that year he married Sarah Bennett, the daughter of a prominent architect. In October 1794, Johnson entered the state house of representatives, rising to the posi­ tion of house speaker, and his fellow lawmakers appointed him judge of the state court of com­ mon pleas in December 1799.4 During his early career, Johnson had thus risen rapidly within the ranks of Charleston society and had established lasting social and political connections in his home state. At the same time that Johnson developed these ties to South Carolina, he grew in his devotion to the nation. His father, along with Christopher Gadsden, had led a group ofartisans and mechanics who figured prominently in the American Revolution in Charleston, and the elder Johnson’s political activities made a last­ ing impression on his son.5 As a young man, Johnson developed a deep reverence for the cause ofnational independence and an intense respect for the heroes ofthe war. Later in his career, he frequently referred to the struggle for indepen­ dence in his speeches, writings, andjudicial opin­ ions, and, like so many ofthe revolutionary gen­ eration, often used the war against Great Britain as a reference point in articulating his political and constitutional views.6 Johnson also showed an unusually keen interest in the war by devot­ ing years to writing a biography of General Nathanael Greene, one ofthe heroes ofthe south­ ern theater. Johnson greatly admired the men of action in the Revolution — leaders like his father, Gadsden, and Greene — and cherished the revolutionary ideal of national unity.7 In Johnson’s view, more than just an example of historical...

The Duisburg Affair: A Test Case in the Struggle for “Conquest of the Communities”

During the years immediately preceding World War I, German Zionism boldly reoriented its ideological and political program. New leaders drawn from the ranks of a younger generation now emphasized the critical necessity of their movement for the survival of German Jewry and rejected their predecessors view that German Zionism was primarily a philanthropic cause designed to aid imperiled East European Jews. The movement also increasingly criticized the tactics and policies of other Jewish groups, claiming that Zionists best knew how to solve the problems of German Jewry. The transformed Zionist Federation of Germany thereby abandoned its earlier posture of moderation and conciliation in favor of a radical and aggressive stance intended to revitalize the movement and challenge the incumbent leadership of German Jewry.

The calculus of philanthropy

Economics is the science concerned with individuals as they allocate scarce resources among wants and needs. As individuals allocate money, time and effort to philanthropic causes, they are allocating resources into the area of nongovernmental, but public goods. Yet private interests, as in all human affairs, must intervene and have a significant effect on the goals and outcomes of philanthropic work and organization. This article will briefly analyze how public and private motives mesh together in the theory of individual philanthropic action.

Dr. Peter Cooper Hewitt

Dr. Peter Cooper Hewitt, who died in Paris on August 25 last, at the age of sixty years, was the son of a leading New York iron manufacturer and merchant well known as the promoter of many civic, educational, and philanthropic causes. His mother was the daughter of Peter Cooper, an inventor, manufacturer, and railroad builder, who presented New York with the Cooper Union for the advancement of art and science, now more usually known as Cooper Institute.