Philanthropic Activities Research Articles

Prosvetitel'skie obshchestva v sociokul'turnom landshafte Severnogo Kavkaza vtoroj poloviny XIX — nachala XX v.

The article examines the peculiarities of the social and cultural life of the North Caucasus in the institutional context of cultural, educational and charitable initiatives of the turn of the XIX-XX centuries. Voluntary non-governmental associations differed in the scale of tasks and types of activities, opportunities, results achieved and duration of existence. On the example of a number of large societies, their educational, philanthropic and social activity is analyzed, as well as their role in the formation of a new socio-cultural environment for the North Caucasus region.

Christian Arab nationalism between ideology and pragmatism the Greek Orthodox Patriarch Of Antioch Gregorios IV in the First World War

ABSTRACT Whether for his political choices or his philanthropic activities, Gregorios IV Haddad, the Patriarch of Antioch and the Whole East 1906–1924, is still remembered as a strong supporter of Arabism. Arab nationalist historiography overwhelmingly locates Gregorios’s story within the ideological framework of Arabism nationalism. This ideological interpretation, however, simplifies the intricate political reality in the final decade of Ottoman rule in Syria, a period characterized by a multiplicity of identities including Ottomanism, Arabism and Islamism. More importantly, it downplays Gregorios’s political brilliance and pragmatic approach in running the affairs of the Greater Syrian Christians, a minority community that was subject to suspicion and censorship during critical historical junctures. This article examines some of the ways in which a leader of a religious minority navigated the political upheavals that characterized the Ottoman Empire’s last decade of power in Greater Syria. It will show that Gregorois’s sense of responsibility for his community obliged him to prioritize pragmatism over nationalist ideology in order to best respond to the political circumstances of the time.

The Factors Affecting Bank’s CSR Expenditures: Evidence from Bangladesh

Abstract Corporate social responsibility is a philanthropic activity that works for the development of underprivileged people in society. The study examined the factors that are considered as influential stimuli of CSR expenditures. Prais Winsten regression model is applied to a sample of 32 commercial banks from the year of 2011 to 2015 with 160 observations. The study revealed that bank size and one year lag of CSR expenditure positively affect CSR expenditure and are statistically significant. However, bank default risk, shareholders influence, and bank age have a negative and significant effect on CSR expenditures of banks. Therefore, the study's implication is to address the factors properly for the country's socio-economic development. JEL classification numbers: C12, C23. Keywords: CSR, Quantitative Methods, Panel data, Banks, Bangladesh.

Love and emotions at the time of COVID-19

COVID-19 has already swept millions of lives and created the deep black cloud made up of negative emotions. Analysis of origin of negative emotions from previous experiences indicates diversity in thinking, reasoning, self-centeredness and lack of empathy give rise to human vices which are difficult but not impossible to overcome by resurrection of positive emotions like love, empathy, motivation for good deeds and philanthropic activities. Complex interplay of positive and negative emotions orchestrated by intricately associated neuronal circuits, neurotransmitters coupled with endocrinal influence holds responsible for human behavior, considered as the root of human civilization, is currently facing existential crisis during COVID-19 pandemic. Human civilization is experiencing unique psychosocial problems through emerging COVID-19 pandemic. Depression, panic buying, herd behavior, infodemic, immense sufferings of marginalized people, surge of addictive behavior, racism, domestic violence, rape, divorce, financial constraints, stigmatization, all stem from negative emotions and lack of positive vibes amidst the rally of death and sorrows. COVID-19 and surge of negative emotions are the two pandemics which conjointly causing major mental health threat. Cultivations and practice of positive emotions and triumph of optimistic octet over sinister septet are desirable to save Mother Nature and her habitats from the cruel claws of this pandemic.

Autonomy in Philanthropy: A Model for Nonprofit Organizations

People seem to think of autonomy merely as freedom or liberty, and of philanthropy only as charity or voluntary goodwill. These conceptualizations are simplistic and fail to address the ethical and societal implications of who gets to choose, the effects of their choices, who receives philanthropy and why they need it. In the United States, nonprofit organizations especially wrestle with these questions, as they are the primary vehicles for philanthropic action, but where autonomy is increasingly restricted, for both stakeholders and organizations themselves. This paper examines autonomy historically and theoretically, to robustly define autonomy to include aspects of consequences, duty, character, responsibility, and capacity, all of which inherently influence and are influenced by philanthropy. A model is presented that can pragmatically visualize the complexity of autonomy in order to argue for its maximization, as it considers autonomy’s dimensions and the environment of norms/expectations and trends/changes within which nonprofit organizations can express or fail to express autonomy.

CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY, KEARIFAN LOKAL TRI HITA KARANA, DAN PARIWISATA BERBASIS MASYARAKAT BERKELANJUTAN

This study explores how Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) based on local wisdom ‘tri hita karana’ are implemented to develop a sustainable community-based tourism. This study uses a qualitative case study approach conducted at Sangeh Monkey Forest (MF) tourism object. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews and then analyzed by using coding and themeing technique. This research indicates that Sangeh MF tourism object implemented CSR in three major areas, namely: 1. Social (people and ‘pawongan’ in ‘tri hita karana’); 2. Environment (planet and ‘palemahan’ in ‘tri hita karana’); 3. CSR related to business operation and religious activities (profit and ‘parahyangan’ in ‘tri hita karana’). CSR based on ‘tri hita karana’ principles were also implemented through participation of local community in managing the tourism object. All income generated from the operational of tourism object were given back to the community. The informant of this study perceived CSR as socially responsible business practices and as philanthropic actions. This research offers an insight into how CSR could be implemented based on local wisdom ‘tri hita karana’ to develop a sustainable community-based tourism object. Several recommendations on how to further improve CSR practices by integrating business, social, and environment goals are also offered.

The impact of COVID-19 on business perspectives of sustainable development and corporate social responsibility in China.

The new coronavirus (COVID-19) has generated an unprecedented degree of social and economic impact on the planet, but few researchers have explored the repercussion of COVID-19 for sustainable development (SD) and corporate social responsibility (CSR), especially from the perspective of Chinese businesses. This paper is the first to outline the priority changes of both SD and CSR over the period of COVID-19 incidence in China. An online questionnaire survey of 1161 owners and managers of Chinese companies was conducted, and respondents were asked to score the priorities of their company over the pre, during and post COVID-19 periods. The research was carried out at the end of the first COVID-19 wave in China but during the period of lockdown in some parts of the country. It was found that there was a priority change regarding three dimensions of sustainable development and 13 aspects of CSR. While the social dimension of SD was prioritized during and post COVID-19, the environmental dimension was the only one deemed to be less important and less prioritized over the longer term after the pandemic. The top three short-term CSR priorities were having in place a workplace health and safety plan, engaging in philanthropic activities and protecting biodiversity, and the top three longer-term CSR priorities were job creation, protecting biodiversity and having in place a workplace health and safety plan. Environmental protection and using clean energy were not reported as a CSR priority. The paper concludes that China’s recovery mode cannot be called ‘green’ and suggests ways this could be changed.

Through the Lens of Ubuntu: The Value of Partnerships and Corporate Social Responsibility towards Community Development in the City of uMhlathuze, South Africa

The paper explores partnerships among the multinational corporations (MNCs), local municipalities and host communities in a bid to establish what informs corporate social responsibility (CSR). MNCs are essential in improving the wellbeing and living standards of host communities. The philanthropic activities have to be ethical, legitimate and guided by the spirit of giving back, informed by the philosophy of ubuntu (humanity). The qualitative approach was adopted to gather in-depth understanding of the existence and nature of partnership among MNCs, local municipalities and host communities. The participants were purposefully selected based on their expert knowledge and engagement in community development initiatives. The findings indicate that CSR operations are characterised by an absence of formal partnership between MNCs and host communities. A pragmatic policy framework needs to be developed to guide the philanthropic activities aimed at enhancing the socio-economic development of host communities.

The Governance of Corporate Philanthropy

It has become difficult for corporations to justify their charitable expenditure during the Covid-19 pandemic. This is a result of panic giving, unplanned charitable interventions and unmeasurable social impact investing. Unfocused philanthropy is arduous as the lack of governing structures, objectives and outcomes makes it incomprehensible to evaluate the impact of philanthropic activities. It also makes it almost possible for stakeholders to appreciate the philanthropic endeavour of the corporation. Over time, it has become normalised that corporations embark on philanthropic projects in order to enhance public relations, promote social media campaigns with ‘feel good’ stories, high profile sponsorships to attract the attention of the public on the corporations ‘good cause’ marketing strategy. These are all deliberately planned philanthropic behaviours by corporations, that go unquestioned nor critically assessed. It is the purpose of this article, to argue for context-sensitive, impact-driven and strategically focused philanthropy.

Enjoying extinction: philanthrocapitalism, <i>jouissance</i>, and 'excessive environmentourism' in the South African rhino poaching crisis

From 2007 to 2015, rhino poaching grew rapidly in and around Kruger National Park, South Africa. And though poaching numbers have declined since then, the 'poaching crisis' and its consequences continue to influence rhetoric and practice in the area, including continuing public outcries that the rhino is close to extinction. This discourse of extinction is also prevalent among the luxurious tourist lodges on private nature reserves of the Greater Kruger Area that attract wealthy tourists. In response, some lodges started initiatives in which tourists can join the fight against rhino poaching. These tourist activities share important similarities with 'philanthrocapitalism',in which wealthy philanthropists address social and environmental challenges drawing on the same business principles that made them successful. Based on research on the tourism industry, I explore the political ecology of such high-end, 'environmentourist' activities. I argue that philanthropic environmental tourist activities are based on a reductionist articulation of the rhino poaching crisis. They de-politicize it from its socio-economic and historical context and are 'excessive', in that they produce and legitimize exorbitant forms of privatized, luxurious tourism and consumerism as a solution for social and environmental crises. Moreover,such 'excessive environmentourism' allows wealthy tourists to enjoy 'doing good'in a very specific way, best captured by the term 'jouissance.' Jouissance is a particular type of ambivalent enjoyment that includes fascination with dark and horrific elements (i.e. poached rhinos and the idea that these animals are at the brink of extinction). I conclude that jouissance functions as a core motivation for wealthy tourists to engage in touristic experiences precisely because it enables them to believe they can overcome the dark sides of their own excesses ironically by 'doing good', grounded in excessive consumption.

How far the ownership structure is relevant for CSR performance? An empirical investigation

PurposeTaking hints from the lacunas in the field of ownership structure and corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance of the firms in India, especially when the moderating effect of certain corporate governance mechanism comes into play, this study aims to attempt to fulfill the gap by exploring the ownership structure of the firm (i.e. foreign ownership, institutional ownership and government ownership) and the CSR performance of the firm, when moderated by board independence of the firm. In an additional analysis, the study explores the non-linear effect of foreign ownership structure on the CSR performance in the Indian context.Design/methodology/approachThe study incorporates a strongly balanced panel data set of 280 non-financial National Stock Exchange 500 listed firms for the study period of 2013–2019. The study uses both static and Arellano–Bond dynamic panel model under generalized method of moments (GMMs) framework to establish the relationship between the studied variables.FindingsThe study acknowledges a positive impact of the foreign investors in the CSR performance of Indian firms with a higher proportion of independent directors on the board. The study further finds a contrarian role of government ownership in Indian context among the sampled firms. The study also in its extended analysis finds a non-linear inverted U-shaped relationship between foreign ownership (FO) and the CSR performance, which shows that FO positively impacts the CSR performance until a threshold level of 34% after which the curve starts declining.Practical implicationsOne of the major implications this study provides for the corporate policymakers is that the firms with a string penchant for philanthropic activities such as CSR should be concerned with attracting more foreign investors in their shareholding. Also, a higher proportion of independent directors on the board boost the engagement of the firm in CSR works.Originality/valueThe moderating effect of board independence in the ownership structure–CSR relationship attempted by this study is a rare attempt in a developing economy, such as India, and offers a fresh dimension to the study. Also, the non-linearity relationship between FO and the CSR performance and the threshold level providing the twofold effect of the variables is an innovative research attempt, especially in regard to a developing country like India.

Sustainable procurement practices in the supplier selection process: an exploratory study in the context of Brazilian manufacturing companies

PurposeThis paper aims to evaluate the adoption of sustainable procurement practices adopted by Brazilian manufacturing companies in supplier selection; additionally, it is aimed to understand which of these practices enable a better differentiation of the analysed companies.Design/methodology/approachA systematic literature review was performed to compose the theoretical base of this research. In addition, a detailed study of ISO 20400 standard was conducted. The guidelines of ISO 20400 were used as a base to structure a questionnaire used in a survey with professionals working in procurement sphere of manufacturing companies in Brazil. The data were analysed via frequency and CRITIC (Criteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation) method.FindingsA moderate dispersion in the adoption level of sustainable procurement practices in supplier selection process of the manufacturing companies was observed; in practices associated with social aspects, the dispersion is greater. A negative issue to be highlighted is that almost 20% of analysed companies did not even considered in their supplier selection process if their candidates accomplish philanthropic activities, generate jobs in local community and fulfill the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of United Nations (UN). Those two last practices are the ones with the best capacity to differ the companies in the sample.Originality/valueThere are few studies that focuses on understanding the adoption of sustainable procurement practices in manufacturing companies' supplier selection process. The main contribution of this study to the literature is to evidence that social requirements in supplier selection process are considered in a clear and well-structured form only by few Brazilian manufacturing companies. Despite the sample size, companies analysed in this research are prominent organisations in manufacturing sector. Thus, if this situation occurs in these companies, a more critical scenario will be evidenced in other organisations. This study has implication for practice and academy. For companies' managers, information present here can be used to debate the theme in the organisational context and the nine practices and scale can be used to perform a critical analysis of company's practices. For researchers, the information present here can be used as starting point for futures studies.

Examining how Individual Philanthropic Actions Influence Community Well-Being

Examining how Individual Philanthropic Actions Influence Community Well-Being

Different Strokes - Ownership Structures and the Choice of CSR Responses in Mandatory CSR Context

India became one of the first countries to implement the mandatory CSR law under the Companies Act of 2013 which stipulates that a broad category of firms make compulsory minimum CSR spends and share granular activity-level information publicly. Further, under the guidelines of the law, CSR is expected to be mere philanthropy than CSR that is construed as being of strategic importance to firms. With the board of directors responsible for enforcement of the law, I argue that this is a “soft hard law” that allows firms and their managers to exhibit systematic differences in their CSR approaches. Based on two categorizations of CSR levels from literature, I examine the propensity of firms in responding to their CSR obligations. At the first level, I classify and define CSR activities into four categories – philanthropic, strategic, political and process. Later, I categorize philanthropic CSR activities into symbolic and substantive giving. I look at the implication of firm-level differences on manager choices based on ownership structures and use extant literature to make predictions about their CSR implementation. These predictions can be tested by publicly available data in future research.

Pengungkapan Penerapan Corporate Social Responsibility pada Hotel Aston Kuta

Nowadays, society and companies are increasing aware of the importance of environmental conservation of activities, improvement of economic standards and social harmony. CSR is away to show the company’s concern for the environment and the suroounding community. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activities, or also known as Social Activities or often called Sustainability Development, are not a disclosure of the behavior of an individual in a company but are a disclosure of corporate behavior that can increase social trust in the company. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activities for a hotel do not directly increase company profits, but by carrying out these activities in the environment and in the surrounding community, it will improve the company's image in the eyes of the public. There are various kinds of activities that can be categorized as part of CSR, from the promotion and marketing of social activities, philanthropic activities (charity), voluntary social/ community work.
 Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR); Disclosure of Corporate Behavior; Improve The Company's Image In The Eyes of The Public; Various Kinds Of CSR.

THE CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR) MODEL OF PT INDANA IN JODIPAN TOURISM VILLAGE ‘’KAMPUNG WARNA WARNI’’

The implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in Indonesia has not been fully implemented properly. It can see from the company's concern for the community and the environment affected by their business activities which are still considered exceptionally low. Meanwhile, the activities carried out are still philanthropic activities and do not pay attention to and fulfill the existing sustainability values. Therefore, it is essential to discuss the need for successful implementation models (best practices) in a company. One company that has succeeded in implementing CSR is PT INDANA in Kampung Warna-Warni (KWW) Jodipan Malang. GuysPro assisted this company in carrying out CSR in painting in a slum village, namely Jodipan. The impact of CSR implementation makes the village become a tourist attraction that tourist most visited when going to Malang City. This study discusses the CSR implementation model carried out by PT Indana and GuysPro in implementing this activity in Kampung Warna Warni (KWW) Jodipan, Malang. A descriptive-qualitative analysis is applied in interpreting the existing data. Meanwhile, data were obtained from field observations, in-depth interviews, and literature studies to support the research. The results obtained show that there are four stages in CSR activities carried out by PT INDANA. The four stages include the planning and implementation stages, the evaluation stage, and the reporting stage. The impact felt by the community from the CSR activities carried out is the emergence of the development of tourist attractions as a form of unexpected consequences, and the positive influence of the stakeholders involved can be felt. These stakeholders include PT INDANA, the GuysPro Group, the community, and the government as the regulator.

TRADITIONAL ECONOMIC PHILANTHROPY: EVIDENCE FROM MADURESE ALTRUISM LOCAL PATTERN

Recently, modern philanthropy practices tends to relate with corporations, organizations, and institutions activities. Meanwhile in some Indonesia’s regions, philanthropy is not always present in that context. Madura is one of the regional that traditionally uses philanthropic patterns in its economic activities as social and cultural traits and custom. Therefore, this research attempt to describe the traditional philanthropy in Madurese. This research uses qualitative perspective and employed Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) to gain the local perspective experience and meaning construction in traditional philanthropy through cattle sharing program. Parties involve in this research are the breeders or cattle farmers and local investors. The research found that Madurese traditional economic philanthropy activities are carried out in a cattle sharing practice with local wisdom principle. Madurese local philanthropy pattern has the context of reducing breeding risk or loss if the cattle are sicks or death. These activities seem to be quite helpful in strengthening the helping spirit and strengthening the local traits and customs economy. Hence, by conducting the value of tolong bi nolong local people tends to practice philanthropic engagement. The future studies could explore more culturally and institutionally structured management to enhance this good practice sustainability.

Convergence or Disparity? A Cross-Country Analysis of Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting for Banking Industry in Nordic Countries and China

This research investigates the corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting for banking industry in Nordic countries and China, and compares the convergence and disparity of disclosed CSR information across these two regimes. The study encompasses a sample of eight largest commercial banks by total assets in Nordic countries and China over a 5-year period of 2013–2017. We employ a disclosure index approach to assess the contents of CSR reporting based on eight categories and a total of 60 CSR indicators. The results indicate that Nordic banks have a higher overall disclosure level of CSR information than Chinese banks, and significantly ahead of their counterparts with respect to the international commitment, and a wider coverage of addressing stakeholders’ needs. In contrast, CSR reporting in Chinese banks put greater emphasis on national public policy and philanthropic activities. Nevertheless, all sample countries share a convergence on underlining the importance of complying with applicable laws and regulations. The study findings assert that the convergence and disparity of CSR reporting across countries is relevant to pre-existing socio-political institutions the firms can rely on. This research probes into an unexplored research territory by comparing the CSR reporting between banks from a so-called Nordic business-society model and a Confucian-tradition model. Hence, it entails some important policy prescriptions for the concerned administrators and corporate practitioners in the sample countries.

Consumer Responses to Corporate and Celebrity Philanthropy

Philanthropic activities have gained paramount importance in today’s world. The purpose of this paper is twofold. Firstly, the authors propose a model to comprehend the process of philanthropy (corporate as well as celebrity) in creating word of mouth intentions (hereafter WoM). Secondly, it attempts to explore the interaction effects of these philanthropies on WoM intentions. A structural equation model is tested in a sample of 400 FMCG consumers in Pakistan. The results confirm that both corporate and celebrity philanthropy directly and positively affect WoM intentions. However, their interaction effect is found to be insignificant on WoM intentions. This study has meaningful implications that involving philanthropic celebrities in corporate philanthropy-based advertisements may garner favorable consumers’ WoM intentions. It lies among the pioneering studies to empirically investigate the understudied model of corporate and celebrity philanthropy in order to understand the creation of WoM intentions.

The Role of Islamic Philanthropy Institutions in Realizing the 5th Core on Pancasila : The Role of Lazismu in Realizing The Values Of Social Justice

Pancasila is our philosophy and guideline in nation and state. In realizing the values ​​of Pancasila, it is very difficult because this nation is very large. Therefore, the State really needs help from civil society. Philanthropy is an activity to do good or give charity to others so as to bring prosperity to the community. A philanthropic activity is needed to flatten the welfare of the people. This paper contains the actions of one of the Islamic Philanthropy institutions namely Lazismu in combating poverty evenly throughout Indonesia. Lazismu is an Islamic Philanthropy organization under the auspices of Muhammadiyah. The institution is helping the government to realize social welfare as mandated by Pancasila. This paper uses qualitative methods and descriptive analysis. Lazismu's role in the distribution of people's welfare in its strategic programs is very helpful for the government. As a result, the Government and Lazismu along with other social movements can ground Pancasila values ​​in Indonesia, especially the 5th principle.