Phenylarsonic Acid Research Articles

Growth Response of Turkey Poults to Two Organic Arsenicals

GROWTH response to organic arsenicals in poultry rations was first reported by Morehouse and Mayfield (1946). Anderson, Cunningham and Slinger (1952) tested a group of these arsenicals and obtained a variable response. Initial experiments at this laboratory (Anderson, Blakely and MacGregor, 1951) did not indicate any additional poult growth response to p-hydroxyphenyl arsonic acid when compared to a poult starter which contained procaine penicillin.In general, however, the results of feeding organic arsenicals to poultry have been positive (Bird, Grosche and Rubin, 1949; McGinnis et al., 1951). McGinnis et al. (1951) observed that with turkey poults some growth response to 3-nitro-4-hydroxy phenylarsonic acid was obtained in addition to the usual response to penicillin. This observation has been related to level of contamination of the environment by Morrison, Hunsaker and Aitken (1954). Hanson, Ferrin and Singh (1955) obtained an increase in gain due to p-arsanilic acid fed to hogs but the…

Utilisation de l'acide phénylarsonique en turbidimétrie: Dosage du tantale

A turbidimetric method is described for the determination of tantalum with phenylarsonic acid. The method is fast and rarely requires preliminary separation. The only interfering elements are zirconium and niobium when present in molar ratios greater than Nb : Ta = 1 and Zr : Ta = 5.

Crystal and molecular structure of phenylarsonic acid

1. The crystal structure of phenylarsonic acid was determined from two projections of the electron density. 2. The following bond lengths were found: As-C=1.97A, As=O=1.65Δ, As-O=1.75 A. The As atoms have a distorted tetrahedral valence configuration. 3. The molecular packing is determined by the stable hydrogen bonds -O-H...O= of length 2.48 and 2.53 A, uniting the molecules into endless columns.

Separation of niobium and tantalum by adsorption-complex-formation chromatography

1. An adsorption-precipitation Chromatographic method for separating niobium from tantalum on a column of activated charcoal saturated with phenylarsonic acid is described. 2. A starting mixture, consisting of oxalate complexes of niobium and tantalum in the presence of hydrochloric acid, was separated on a column of activated charcoal saturated with phenylarsonic acid. At 95°, the tantalum was completely retained by the column, while the niobium passed into the filtrate. 3. Further development of this method with the use of new precipitants is promising.

Notes - Magnesium Salts of Aromatic Arsonic Acids. Nitration of Benzenearsonic Acid

Notes - Magnesium Salts of Aromatic Arsonic Acids. Nitration of Benzenearsonic Acid

動物臓器に対するフッ素の挙動の研究

Fundamental studies of this subject were carried out in the following method.A new reagent “Nen-Thorin” (2-(1, 8-dihydroxy-3, 6-disulfo-2-naphthylazo)-benzene arsonic acid) (max. absorption, 500 mμ in an aq. solution of pH 2.3) was synthesised and complex of this reagent with thorium (max. absorption, 570 mμ at pH 2.3) was studied for the determination of F (<50 γ in 50 ml). The extinctions of both Neo-Thorin and its complex with Th are sensitive towards change in pH, but remain constant between pH 2.1 and 2.4, the extinction of the complex decreasing in proportion to the amount of F-.Common ions, including Cl-, SO42-, PO43-, Al3+, Fe3+, Ca2+, and Mg2+, interefere. Any F in the sample is distilled from an H2SO4 soln. in the presence of SiO2.(1) By using the Thorium-Neo-Thorin method, small amounts of fluorine may be easily determined.Color of this reagent changes from red to purple with small amounts of fluorine ion. So that the visual qualitative test for flurorine possible. Realisable limit of fluorine is 1/100 p. p. m.(2) After the plant tissue was mixed with CaO (3% by weight of dry sample) and a small amount of water, it was evaporated to dryness and the volatile matter was expelled at 250 to 300°C and then ignited at 650°C.Maximum recovery of fluorine was 98.5%.(3) A small amount of fluorine in animal tissue was satisfactory determined by the same procedure as in plant tissue. Namely, the sample was calcinated with CaO in proportion of 15 to 20% by weight of dry sample, charred at 350 to 400°C and ignited at 750°C. Maximum recovery of fluorine was 98.93%.

Separation of niobium and tantalum with phenylarsonic acid

Phenylarsonic acid permits satisfactory separation of niobium and tantalum and estimation of tantalum from an oxalate solution containing sulphuric acid up to pH 5.8. For complete precipitation of niobium the pH should exceed 4.8. In mixtures, tantalum is precipitated below pH 3.0 and niobium is then precipitated above pH 5.0. When the oxalate concentration is high, recovery of niobium with cupferron is recommended. When the ratio of Nb 2O 5, to Ta 2O 5 exceeds 2:1, reprecipitation of tantalum is necessary. The effect of interfering ions is studied.

The determination of small amounts of tin in copper and its alloys

Turbidimetric procedures are recommended for the determination of tin, over the range 0.001–0.4%, in copper-base materials. Compared with other known methods, these procedures are simpler and invariably quicker. The procedure using phenylarsonic acid is applicable provided the amount of iron in the sample does not exceed the amount of tin to be determined. In the examination of samples containing alloying amounts of iron and small amounts of tin, the use of a more sensitive reagent 4-hydroxy-3-nitro-phenylarsonic acid, is recommended particularly for the determination of tin below 0.01%. With the exception of iron both procedures are relatively free from interference by common allaoing elements.

Separation and Determination of Small Amounts of Rare Earths in Uranium

A spectrophotometric method for the determination of total rare earths in the range 100 to 200 gamma is preseated. The chromophoric agent is 2-(1,8- dihydroxy3,6-disulfo-2-naphthylazo)-benzenearsonic acid (arsenazo). The absorbance is measured at 570 m mu and pH 7.0. The main objective of this investigation was to develop a method of determining rare earths in the presence of large amounts of uranium and small amounts of iron. As both metals interfere in the proposed spectrophotometric method for rare earths, an ion exchange method of separation is presented which is based on the absorption of uranium(VI) sulfate and iron(III) thiocyanate on a quaternary ammonium anion exchange resin. (auth)

Polarography of Bis(aminophenyl)arsinic Acids, Phenylarsonic Acid and Arsanilic Acids

Abstract 1) Polarographic behaviors of bis(aminophenyl)arsinic acids, phenylarsonic acid and arsanilic acids, were examined with dropping mercury electrode. 2) The reduction wave of bis(aminophenyl)arsinic acids appearing on the acid side is an irreversible three-electron reduction and this reduction mechanism is considered to be of the following type. (Remark: Graphics omitted.) 3) An assumption was forwarded in the preceding paper that the 2nd wave shown by bis(nitrophenyl)arsinic acids on the acid side may contain a reduction wave owing to the reduction of arsenic and that it is more likely to be a three-electron rather than a 4-electron reduction. The foregoing results obtained with bis(aminophenyl)arsinic acids suggest that it would be more appropriate to consider an irreversible, three-electron reduction. 4) The reduction waves shown by phenylarsonic acid and arsanilic acids on the acid side are an irreversible, four-electron reduction and the reduction mechanism may be assumed as follows: (Remark: Graphics omitted.) 5) Compounds like phenylarsinic acid (IX) do not exhibit a reduction wave at the dropping mercury electrode. (Remark: Graphics omitted.) 6) Summarizing the foregoing facts, it may be concluded that these organic arsenic compounds which show a reduction wave at the dropping mercury electrode are quiquevalent arsenic compounds, the reduction wave is that of quinquevalent to tervalent, and that the compounds not possessing As=O are not reduced. 7) The limiting current of these compounds in the acid side is controlled by the diffusion process and is in proportiona.1 relationship with the concentration, so that it can be utilized for quantitative analysis.

Coliforms As Related to the Hemorrhagic Syndrome

DURING the past few years some concern has developed over the occurrence in the field, of a condition in young growing chicks characterized by extensive subcutaneous and intramuscular hemorrhages. Gordon (1951) first reported that this “disease” was possibly associated with sulfaquinoxaline therapy, to which Davies and Kendall (1953) and Yacowitz et al. (1955) lent their support. Griminger et al. (1953 a,b) and Hare et al. (1953) reported the appearance of hemorrhages and prolonged clotting time in battery-reared chicks fed a corn-soybean oil meal type of ration containing no alfalfa meal or other source of supplemental vitamin K. Griminger et al. (1953 b) found that the addition of 15 p.p.m. terramycin, or 50 p.p.m. of 3-nitro-4-hydroxy-phenylarsonic acid significantly prolonged the clotting time. Para-amino phenylarsonic acid (arsanilic acid) at a level of 100 p.p.m. also prolonged the clotting time although not significantly. Couch (1954) noted that the hemorrhagic condition often appeared in …

The Comparative Effects of Various Antibiotics and an Arsenical upon the Growth, Health, and Certain Blood Constituents of Dairy Calves1,2

Summary The comparative effects of feeding aureomycin, terramycin, and penicillin (Experiment I) and terramycin, bacitracin, Chloromycetin, and 3-nitro-4-hydroxy phenyl arsonic acid (Experiment II) to dairy calves were evaluated. Mean body weight gains over a 12-week period as per cent of the mean gains of the controls were: Experiment I, terramycin, 155%; aureomycin, 151%; and penicillin, 86%; Experiment II, terramycin, 135%; arsonic acid, 128%; bacitracin, 126%; and Chloromycetin, 111%. The treatments that stimulated growth also improved efficiency of feed utilization. The most rapidly gaining groups also attained greater height at withers and appeared somewhat superior in condition and hair coat at completion of the experiment; however, these differences were not marked. No pronounced ration effects were noted on incidence and severity of diarrhea, although both were relatively high during weeks 3 to 5, inclusive. Blood cell counts (erythrocytes, leucocytes, and differential leucocytes), hemoglobin, plasma fat, and fecal pH appeared to be unaffected by antibiotic or arsenical supplementation. Also, there was no apparent effect of diarrhea on fecal pH. Rather marked age trends in the blood constituents were noted.

Effect of Long-Time Feeding of Certain Arsonic Acids to Chickens

IN RECENT years, it has been shown that certain phenylarsonic acid compounds increase growth rate in young chickens and turkeys (Frost 1953; Morehouse 1949). Sometimes the growth response has been in addition to that provided by antibiotics and sometimes it has not (Bird, 1952a). The exact mode of action of these compounds in promoting growth is unknown but indications are that the beneficial effects result from their action upon the intestinal microflora —as is the case with antibiotics.In applying these findings to practical feeds two arsenicals have been incorporated generally in commercial broiler feeds —3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid (“3-nitro”) and p-amino phenylarsonic acid (arsanilic acid). Although these chemicals would do the same for flock-replacement pullets as for broilers, they have not been used much for the growing flock because there is less interest in fast, early growth and improved pigmentation in birds intended for egg production.Very little research has been …

The Effect of a Sodium Alkyl Aryl Sulfonate Detergent on the Growth of Chicks

RIEDEL Barber and Hays (1949) showed that quaternary ammonium compounds fed to broilers promoted increased gains in weight. Whether this effect was related to either the surface active or the antibiotic properties of the compounds was not demonstrated. Ely (1951) and Ely and Schott (1952) have recently reported growth stimulation by a number of surfactants fed to chicks throughout a 10-12 weeks experimental period. Scott et al. (1952) and Stern et al. (1952) reported 4-week chick studies in which they found no growth-promoting effect with several detergents tested. In each case, antibiotic supplements were used as positive controls. The growth promoting effects of antibiotic supplements have been studied by numerous investigators since first reported by Moore et al. (1946). The present experiment was undertaken to determine the effect on weight gain and feed utilization of a commercial sodium alkyl aryl sulfonate detergent. Aureomycin, penicillin, and phenylarsonic acid supplements were included …

Studies on the Effect of an Arsenical in the Diet of the Immature and Mature Chicken

THAT derivatives of arsonic acid stimulate the growth of chickens and turkeys was first reported by Morehouse and Mayfield (1946), and confirmed by others. Although 3-nitro-4-hydroxy phenylarsonic acid was the arsenical used in most of these studies, Bird et al. (1949) reported that other arsenicals were comparable to the 3-nitro product namely, phenylarsonic acid and para-hydroxy phenylarsonic acid.Morehouse (1949) reported that birds receiving 3-nitro-4-hydroxy phenylarsonic acid at a level of 0.096 grams per gallon of water weighed more at 8 weeks of age, reached sexual maturity earlier and out-produced controls which did not receive an arsenical.It has been suggested that a similar mechanism is involved in the mediation of growth stimulation by organic arsenicals and antibiotics. Although the effect of antibiotic on age at sexual maturity and egg production has been investigated by several workers complete agreement of results has not been obtained. For example, Berg et al… .

Considerations on the Safety of Arsanilic Acid for Use in Poultry Feeds

MOREHOUSE and Mayfield (1946) reported briefly that 3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenyl arsonic acid “had remarkable growth stimulating properties” for chickens and turkeys when given in the drinking water at sub-coccidiostatic levels. This surprising finding was subsequently extended by Morehouse (1949) for direct addition to the diet, and was fully confirmed by Bird, Groschke and Rubin (1949). Experience by a number of investigators has indicated that arsanilic acid and sodium arsanilate are also effective in stimulating growth of chickens, turkeys, and hogs. Presumably one action of the phenylarsonic acids is similar to that of antibiotics—in some way altering bacterial metabolism in the tract to favor improved nutrition of the animal.Arsenic compounds have long been used in the practice of veterinary medicine as tonics to improve the general well-being and appearance of animals. Although the use of arsenic trioxide and the less toxic cacodylates has often been directed to the treatment of secondary .

Effect of Terramycin and Certain Phenylarsonic Acid Derivatives on the Growth and Intestinal Flora of Turkey Poults

Highly significant increases in the weight of female turkey poults were obtained by inclusion in the diet of magnesium 4-hydroxyphenylarosonate and 3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenyl arsonic acid. The weight increases caused by including 3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl arsonic acid and 3-acetylamino-4-hydroxyphenyl arsonic acid were not significant. Additions to the basal diet of terramycin alone or in combination with any of the phenylarsonic acid derivatives resulted in highly significant increases in weight. For the most part, weight increases were accompanied by a slight improvement in feed efficiency. The increases in weight caused by terramycin, phenylarsonic acid derivatives or combinations thereof, were accompanied in most cases by a reduction in the pH of the cecal contents. Terramycin, phenylarsonic acid derivatives and combinations of these materials markedly influenced the cecal flora. The effects of the antibiotic and some of the phenylarsonic acid derivatives were similar in many respects. In general, weight increases were accompanied by increases in the lactobacilli counts of the cecal contents. The numbers of aciduric, proteolytic, coliform and enterococci organisms were not consistently in agreement with increases in weight.

Swine Dysentery: Treatment with 4-Nitro and 3-Nitro-4-Hydroxy Phenyl Arsonic Acids and Antibiotics

The arsenicals, 3-nitro-4-hydroxy phenyl arsonic acid and 4-nitro-phenyl arsonic acids have a prophylactic and curative effect on swine dysentery when administered through the drinking water. Also both arsenicals and the antibiotics, aureomycin and penicillin, eliminate the outward symptoms of the disease when given orally. No treatment used prevented the recurrence of the disease. A combination of a water medication with 4-nitro-phenyl arsonic acid and one of the antibiotics—aureomycin, terramycin, penicillin or bacitracin—as well as the 4-nitro phenyl arsonic acid in the feed was the most effective treatment in curing and preventing the recurrence of the disease under the environmental conditions imposed.

The effect of 3-nitro-4-hydroxy phenyl arsonic acid on the growth of swine

When fed at dietary levels of 0.005, 0.01, and 0.02%, 3-nitro-4-hydroxy phenyl arsonic acid stimulated the growth of weaned pigs. At levels of 0.01 and 0.02%, toxic symptoms were observed after 2 to 4 weeks. The liver and kidney of pigs fed a diet containing 0.005% of the arsenical contained 1.69 and 1.32 μg. As 2O 3/g. fresh tissue, respectively. Seven days after the arsenical was removed from the diet, the As 2O 3 content of the liver and kidney was reduced to 0.29 and 0.46 μg./g. fresh tissue, respectively.

ARSENICALS. PART I. SULFONYLOXY, SULFONAMIDO, AND BENZYLOXY DERIVATIVES OF PHENYLARSONIC ACIDS AND THEIR REDUCTION PRODUCTS

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTARSENICALS. PART I. SULFONYLOXY, SULFONAMIDO, AND BENZYLOXY DERIVATIVES OF PHENYLARSONIC ACIDS AND THEIR REDUCTION PRODUCTSH. HERBERT FOXCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1947, 12, 6, 872–875Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1947Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1947https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01170a019RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views64Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (310 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts