Phenomenon Of Crime Research Articles

Fenomena Kenakalan Remaja dan Kriminalitas Kasus Tawuran di Bekasi (Studi Literature Review)

This study reviews the phenomenon of juvenile delinquency and crime in the context of brawl cases in Bekasi. Through a literature review, various factors are examined which are the causes and impacts of teenage brawls in the city. First, social factors such as economic instability, lack of education, and a family environment that is not conducive can trigger juvenile delinquency. Second, environmental factors, including peers and the influence of mass media, also contribute to aggressive adolescent behavior. In addition, psychological factors such as lack of self-control and the need for affiliation also play a role in the formation of criminal behavior. The impact of teenage brawls includes social, economic and psychological losses for individuals and the surrounding community. This study highlights the important role of families, schools and social institutions in preventing and overcoming the phenomenon of juvenile delinquency and brawling crimes in Bekasi. With an in-depth understanding of the factors that influence adolescent behavior, it is hoped that effective intervention strategies can be formulated to reduce cases of brawls and improve the quality of life of adolescents in Bekasi.

Symbolization of Sincerity in Suluk Saridin as a means of Getting Closer to God

This research is motivated by the phenomenon of corruption and crime that is increasingly becoming in society based on the distance of servants from God. therefore, we want to contribute to solving the phenomenon by providing solutions from suluk Saridin Yaang we researched this. In this research, we used the semiotic theory of Ferdinand D Saussure to find the data in the suluk Saridin, we chose this theory because. In this theory, it suggests that there are markers and markers then the method we do is a qualitative research method with data collection techniques that use interview techniques and literature studies. As a result of this research we found a symbolization of the sincerity that exists in zakat in suluk Saridin as a means to get closer to God.

Gendered perceptions and socio-economic and spatial determinants of fear of crime: an empirical analysis in Szczecin, Poland

The study of the fear of crime phenomenon provides a socially and politically important research question. Many studies show that gender differentiates the fear of crime, which is why we examine this phenomenon in a spatial perspective. The female versus male perspective of feelings of safety in residential areas were significantly different. The research was carried out using the CAWI technique in the city of Szczecin, in Poland (n=346). The research also examined which factors influenced the fear of crime the most: darkness, socio-economic characteristics, type of violations, number of registered crimes, or the assessment of police work. The research shows that women aged 19–25 are the group that reports the highest fear of crime. They are generally better educated, work or study, but often come from peripheral rural areas, and their current place of residence is little known. Activities aimed at building a sense of security in local communities should therefore be addressed to a wide demographic spectrum of recipients, but with emphasis on young females. A very interesting result from the research is the relationship between fear of crime and the opinion of residents about the effectiveness of police work, where the study reports that the better the assessment of police work, the lower the fear of crime.

Современные способы нарушения неприкосновенности частной жизни

Introduction. The article is devoted to the study of the methods of committing crimes provided for inArticle 137 of the Penal Code of the Russian Federation. Special attention is paid to the influence of information technology on the formation of individual criminal behavior: the choice of ways to commit crimes that violate privacy (in 2020-2021, 87% of cases are accounted for by information technology). A significant factor in the analysis of crimes violating privacy is the change in the statistical accounting of the methods of committing crimes: since 2022, the forms of federal statistical observation reflect the methods of committing crimes in the field of information and telecommunications technologies provided for in Part 3 of Article 137 of the Penal Code of the Russian Federation. Methods: The research methodology consists of general scientific methods of cognition of social processes, in particular, the socio-legal phenomenon of crime (analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction, system-structural method, measurement, description, abstraction), as well as private scientific methods - document analysis, statistical methods. As an empirical base, separate forms of statistical observationof theFederal State Institution “Main Information and Analysis Center of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation”,information from the Internet resource “Judicial and Regulatory Acts of the Russian Federation”, as well as information from other online publications were used. Results: In this article, individual ways of violating privacy are selected as the subject of study due to their significant diversity. In particular, the following methods of committing crimes, confirmed by statistical data, were considered: the Internet, social networks, computer equipment, instant messaging tools, mobile communication tools, software tools.

RESIKO KEJAHATAN TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI DAN KOMUNIKASI CYBER CRIME DAN ANALISI INOVASI PENCEGAHAN RESIKO CYBER CRIME DI INDONESIA

Today's internet users are mostly used by children to teenagers and are instead used as access to social media for communication and finding information. The development of information technology every second has a positive and negative impact. The positive side of this virtual world will definitely increase the trend of global technological development along with various forms of things that humans do in the digital era. This lack of accuracy leads people to pay less attention to the information they read or obtain, and to think that nothing bad will happen until they become victims themselves. Such indifference weakens the level of security awareness and vigilance. The purpose of this research is to find out what are the risks of many cybercrime cases and what innovations have been made to prevent cybercrime from spreading to society. The method used in this research is a qualitative method that allows us to collect information through various tools and techniques to find information about how to prevent the emergence of threats in cyberspace. Then combined into one so that the phenomena experienced by the subject are more easily understood by the reader. The author found a recent case of the Cyber Crime phenomenon that exists in cyberspace, namely criminals providing an application which, when opened, the application can retrieve victim data automatically. The results of this study are in the form of information that will be obtained by readers how high the crime rate is in cyberspace.

تصنيف الجرائم الإلكترونية وفقاً لطبيعة الحق المعتدى عليه دراسة مقارنة بين التشريع الفلسطيني والإماراتي

This research investigates the issue of the different classifications of electronic crimes, and the importance of classifying them in the criminal law, with a focus on the specificity and the importance of the right assaulted in classifying them, as well as the importance of classifying them according to this criterion at all stages of the legal process to Combatting phenomenon of electronic crime. In this study we also investigates, the approach of Palestinian and Emirati legislators in classifying and regulating the provisions electronic crimes and Communications Crimes & information technology, pursuant to Decree-Law No. 10 of 2018, and Federal Law Decree-Law No. 34 of 2021 on combating phenomenon of electronic crime. At the end of the study, the researcher reached a set of conclusions and recommendations, One of the most important of conclusions is that The classification of electronic crimes based on the criterion of the right assaulted constitutes a vital issue in confronting these crimes, just as the Palestinian legislator did not follow a specific approach in his classification of electronic crimes and their substantive and procedural provisions, as the UAE legislator did in organizing and classifying crimes according to a clear approach. One of the most important recommendations is the necessity of the legislator the need for the Palestinian legislator to make amendments to the electronic crimes Law, classify these crimes, and separate the substantive and procedural provisions within this law, as well as amend the texts of Articles (21, 28, 48) of this law.

The determinants of compliance VAT gap

PurposeThis paper aims to analyze the potential variables explaining the compliance value added tax (VAT) gap, which basically represents an estimate of the unpaid VAT in the economy. A major component of compliance VAT Gap is represented by tax fraud; there exist other causes too, like insolvencies, bankruptcies, optimizations practices and maladministration. The objective of our paper is to revisit the main determinants of the VAT compliance gap for the European Union (EU)-27 member states. Using econometric modeling, our study identifies the relationship between the VAT gap and various determinants of it.Design/methodology/approachOur work focuses on the shadow economy, final consumption, VAT revenues, standard VAT rates, differences between the standard and reduced rates, economic prosperity, press freedom, political stability and others, as determinants of European VAT compliance gaps, for the 2005–2020 time interval. The methods include panel data analysis through simple and multiple regression modeling, the combinatorial approach, fixed and random effects.FindingsOur study validates the direct impact of shadow economy and the indirect impact of VAT revenues, economic prosperity and press freedom, upon VAT compliance gaps. Upon subsampling of EU member states within old and new ones, our results estimate a larger positive impact of shadow economy upon old member states, compared to new ones.Practical implicationsThe policy implications include leverage effects of governments acting upon a reduction in shadow economy phenomena and boosts of economic development, political stability and press freedom, in order to attain the contraction of compliance VAT gaps.Originality/valueOur paper sheds light in a poorly explored scientific area, that of the determinants of VAT gap, especially in relationship with financial and economic crime phenomena.

Combating organized crime with criminal legal measures

One of the main functions of the state is to ensure the safety of the individual, society and the state. In Ukraine, organized crime is one of the primary threats to national security. Criminal law norms, which are norms - prohibitions, affect the effectiveness of counteraction by law enforcement agencies and special services to organized crime as a socially dangerous, historically changing, relatively mass, social phenomenon. It should be noted that in the conditions of martial law, manifestations of terrorism, banditry, the creation of illegal paramilitary, armed formations, and criminal communities pose a direct threat to national security. Changes in its level, structure, and dynamics (increasingly) are evidenced by statistical data, in particular, the number of recorded criminal offenses. The purpose of the article is to analyze the criminal law norms that establish criminal responsibility for the commission of offenses in organized forms, and based on the analysis to show a comprehensive vision of the possible criminal law consequences for the person guilty of committing the specified illegal acts.
 Elucidation of the concept of organized crime as a criminological phenomenon, identification of organized forms of committing criminally illegal acts, limits of responsibility of each of the accomplices (perpetrator, organizer, accomplice, instigator). Determination of the specifics of criminal liability and the rules for imposing punishment on persons who, as part of an organized group or criminal organization, committed a serious or particularly serious crime, combined with violence against the victim, during the performance of a special task to prevent or uncover the criminally illegal activities of these associations. Expanded definition of the concept of «organizer», analysis of articles of the Criminal Code establishing responsibility for various types of organized associations (criminal organization, criminal community, gang, terrorist group or terrorist organization, paramilitary or armed formation), determination of dispositions of criminal law norms, where «organized group» is a qualifying or particularly qualifying feature of the composition of a criminal offense undoubtedly affects the effectiveness of combating the phenomenon of organized crime. But the terminological inconsistency of individual normative legal acts does not help, and in some places complicates it, and does not provide an opportunity to clearly define all the components of organized crime in order to increase the effectiveness of the application of criminal law measures to combat crime as one of the directions of state policy.

Analysis of Narcotics Circulation in Riau Province; inherited and studied in the View of Criminology Integrative Theory

<p class="TableParagraph"><em>The rise of narcotics smuggling in Indonesia is a complex issue that requires a comprehensive explanation. The use of integration theory, specifically the integration of Cultural Transmission and Differential Association, can provide a better understanding of the phenomenon of narcotics crime in urban areas. Cultural Transmission theory suggests that individuals learn their values, beliefs, and behaviors through the process of socialization within their culture. This theory highlights the role of family, peer groups, and the media in shaping an individual's attitudes and behaviors towards drugs. The theory argues that individuals who are exposed to drug use at an early age are more likely to engage in drug use themselves. On the other hand, Differential Association theory suggests that individuals learn deviant behaviors from their associations with others. The theory posits that individuals who associate with those who engage in deviant behavior, such as drug use, are more likely to adopt those behaviors themselves. By integrating these two theories, we can better understand the complex phenomenon of narcotics crime in Indonesia. The use of rat ports as entry points for illegal drugs can be explained by the influence of cultural transmission, where individuals are exposed to drug use through their socialization process. Furthermore, the use of these rat ports can also be explained by differential association, where individuals who associate with drug smugglers are more likely to engage in the smuggling of narcotics themselves. Overall, the integration of Cultural Transmission and Differential Association theory provides a more nuanced understanding of the complex phenomenon of narcotics crime in Indonesia. By considering the various factors that contribute to the rise of narcotics smuggling, we can develop more effective strategies to combat this issue.</em><em></em></p>

Countering Modern Female Crime Using Special Criminological Means

The presented article outlines proposals for the prevention of crimes committed by women using special criminological means. Early, direct, penitentiary and post-penitentiary prevention of criminal behavior of women is considered. At the same time, the existing system of preventive measures taken depending on the degree of formation of personal deformations of female criminals is analyzed and ways to improve it are also proposed. In particular, the main drawback of the current system of preventive measures is the lack of a gender approach to this work, which does not allow taking into account the physiological, psychological and social characteristics of women when preventing their criminal behavior. In addition, at the stage of early prevention, social patronage measures are proposed for disadvantaged families and women who find themselves in difficult life situations; identification and neutralization of intrafamily conflicts; medical and social measures aimed at preventing such background phenomena of crime as alcohol dependence syndrome and drug addiction, as well as schizoid psychopathologies, somatic and venereal diseases. The church, which provides support to homeless women and women in difficult life situations, is considered as a subject of prevention. For direct prevention, a number of technical and organizational measures are listed. Particular attention is paid to penitentiary and post-penitentiary prevention, which is considered taking into account the Concept for the development of the penal system of the Russian Federation until 2030 and the Federal Law “On Probation in the Russian Federation” (2023), measures are proposed aimed at resocialization, social adaptation of women, after serving their sentence in order to prevent relapse, among them emphasis is placed on education and vocational training, work activity, psychological assistance.

White Collar Crime

This white-collar crime phenomenon has one characteristic, namely the use of positions and the classic concept of white-collar crime is always focused on the government. Therefore, white-collar crime or white-collar crime is generally only discovered after causing many victims, because it is not easy to find out, because its nature is integrated into the system, so that victims and the public cannot see it with the naked eye.

FIGHTING CROSS-BORDER CRIME AS A CHALLENGING TASK OF POLISH BORDER GUARD

The protection of the borders of the Polish state is a complex strategy of operations and it is a system that is not limited solely to the physical protection of the territory. This strategy is multidimensional and boils down to the implementation of many activities and legal acting aimed at protecting the state against illegal movement of goods and people. Border protection tactics additionally include all preventive actions preventing the import of hazardous materials and substances. It also involves combating cross-border crime and crimes involving foreigners. After the abolition of borders within the European Union, it also ensures the protection of the intra-EU customs territory. The bodies and institutions that are specialized units are responsible for the implementation of all these tasks: the Border Guard, the Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland, as well as the Customs Service and the Office for Foreigners. Each of these entities performs separate tasks as part of the protection of the state border. The entity that plays the leading role in the state border protection system is the Border Guard. In addition to protecting the state border on land and sea, this formation is responsible for border traffic control and counteracting illegal migration and cross-border crime. The purpose of this article is to analyze the phenomenon of cross-border crime and to discuss the activities undertaken by the Border Guard in order to combat illegal migration and crime. The study takes into account statistical data for the first half of 2022 confirming the effectiveness of the Border Guard. The structure and dynamics of cross-border crime proves that border crime is strongly influenced by immigration, and - in the case of Poland - it is much higher on the eastern part of the state border (external EU border). The government’s concerns about illegal migration are not unfounded, as illegal migration is closely related to the activities of organized crime groups, including smuggling of weapons, drugs, human trafficking and other types of crime that affect the state of security of the state.

Suçun Mekânsal Örüntüleri ve Fiziksel Çevreyle İlişkisi: Şikago Örneği

Although the environmental criminology, which relates crime to environmental factors and argues that the environment is not a passive determinant of the onset, continuation or termination of crime, has been on the agenda of urban studies, the relationships between elements of the physical environment and crime have not yet been sufficiently studied through exploratory spatial statistics. In the light of crime theories such as Broken Windows Theory, Crime Pattern Theory and Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design approach, this study aims to define and understand crime patterns by producing crime maps, visualizing spatial distributions, and testing the relationship between recurrent crimes in space and physical environmental elements.
 With the field study carried out in Chicago, the spatial patterns and relationships between crime types and physical environment elements were analyzed using exploratory spatial statistical methods. All secondary data used in this research are open data and all analyses were carried out using Geographical Information Systems. Exploratory spatial data analyses using GIS are Average Nearest Neighbor, Optimized Hotspot Analysis, Spatial Autocorrelation (Global Moran's I) and Geographically Weighted Regression.
 The analyses conducted in this study provided supporting evidence for theories of crime. The findings revealed that crimes tend to occur in close proximity to one another and cluster in specific neighborhoods and regions. This spatial concentration of crime supports the notion that criminals choose their locations intentionally or randomly. Furthermore, the study established a direct relationship between physical environmental elements and crime. Various physical factors such as inadequate street lighting, vacant and abandoned buildings, and sanitation code complaints were found to significantly contribute to the occurrence of crimes. These findings confirm the hypothesis that the deterioration of the physical environment can influence and contribute to increased criminal activity. Overall, the results of this study align with established theories of crime and provide empirical evidence for the significance of the physical environment in shaping criminal behavior.

Obstacles and challenges to the national narcotics agency (BNN) of papua province in managing drugs trafficing and illicity goods (case study in Jayapura city)

This study aims to analyze the obstacles and challenges faced by the Papua Province National Narcotics Agency (BNN) in dealing with the trafficking of drugs and illegal goods in Jayapura City, Papua Province. The phenomenon of transnational crime is increasingly strengthened by the development of globalization, which has resulted in the blurring of national boundaries. One form of this crime is drug smuggling. This research was conducted using qualitative methods because the data presented is based on interviews and observations, so the results obtained are objective and actual. The results of this study show that eradicating the abuse and illicit trafficking of drugs cannot be done by just one person and requires cooperation from various elements of society and other parties such as the police and customs. BNN Papua has made various efforts to ensure that drug abuse and illicit trafficking disappear from Indonesia. Some of the activities carried out include educating the public, rehabilitating former users, and eradicating narcotics smuggling.

A deductive reflection on the modus operandi used to commit bank-associated robbery in South Africa

In comparison to more common crimes like robbery of cash-in-transit, the idea of bank-related robbery—also known as "associated robbery"—has received very little attention. Even though the crime of bank-associated robbery has seen a large rise in instances and related losses, there is still little to no scientific research on the topic. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate and characterize the modus operandi (MO) employed in bank-related robberies, a crime phenomenon that appears to be specific to South Africa. Eleven participants who are subject matter experts (SMEs) on the topic participated in in-depth qualitative interviews to learn more about the phenomena. According to the report, bank-related robberies fall into two primary categories: robberies that occur before cash deposits and those that occur after cash withdrawals. The police do not categorize bank-related robberies in the same way that the banking industry does, which is the biggest obstacle to preventative efforts. In order to address the aforementioned issue, this study adds to the body of knowledge on the subject in order to inform prevention initiatives. The results also show that carrying a lot of cash increases the risk of becoming a victim of crime for bank customers. Therefore, it is advised that bank customers carry the least amount of cash possible on them to make themselves less appealing to robbers.

The impact of transnational organized crime on human rights

Contemporary social relations evolve at an unprecedented pace, the content and the form of their realization changing qualitatively, and sometimes radically, compared to the realities of the immediate post-war world. A phenomenon essentially arising from geopolitical realities (integrationist movements, regional instability, etc.), environmental factors, technological progress, etc. is the phenomenon of transnational organized crime. In turn, transnational organized crime is the most frequent cause of social problems: poverty, inequity, social exclusion. The objective of this study is to link 2 areas of contemporary international regulations: international cooperation in combating transnational organized crime and the requirements for the protection of fundamental human rights and freedoms. However, numerous resolutions adopted by international bodies demonstrate that one of their central concerns is to reduce the impact of the scourge of transnational organized crime on human rights.

Internalisasi nilai pelestarian alam dan pendidikan karakter melalui representasi kejahatan lingkungan dalam sastra anak karya Okky Madasari

The subject of this research is Mata dan Rahasia Pulau Gapi by Okky Madasari. I adopt green cultural criminology and narrative criminology to analyze how the writer describes environmental crime phenomena in her work as a medium for internalizing the value of conservation and character education for children’s readers. This study was designed using the children's literature research method and note-taking technique. The results of this study found that the novel contains two forms of environmental crimes, namely crimes against historical sites and crimes against wildlife. I also found that the author makes the representation of the character's resistance to environmental crimes as a strong message to readers that children have a role as agents to encourage public awareness of environmental issues. In addition, moral licensing by the perpetrators of environmental crimes in this novel is the author's effort to cultivate a critical attitude in child readers.

Elite Crimes as a Destructive Social Phenomenon: Methodological-Criminalistic Aspects of Research

The article draws attention to the destructive phenomenon of elite crime understood as the aggregate of actions of different categories committed by representatives of the elite (administrative-managerial, political, intellectual, etc.). The author, recognizing that the concept and content of the “elite” have not been fully formed yet and are still being debated in the research community, thought it necessary to present arguments in support of his own position on this issue and then focus on researching elite crime. It is stressed that although the concept of elite crime is lacking in criminal law, the research instruments of criminalistics, specifically, the theory of the criminalistic classification of crime, makes it possible to single out typical categories of crime committed by representatives of the elite together with specific features characteristic of the corresponding types of the elite. In its turn, it provides necessary support for developing recommendations on improving the effectiveness of investigating and solving elite crimes.

Analysis of Tax Crimes Committed by Tax Personnel in Lampung Province

Criminal acts in the field of taxation refer to violations or crimes related to the tax provisions of a country. Tax crime often involve manipulation or violation of the law by individuals in order to avoid or reduce the tax obligations they should pay. This study aimed to analyze tax crimes committed by unscrupulous tax personnel in Lampung province. This research is a qualitative observational study and uses a literature study. Secondary data such as laws and regulations, legal theory, and doctrine are used to explain legal phenomena. This study highlights the phenomenon of tax crime in the Bengkulu and Lampung DGT areas. There are five suspects in tax crimes during 2021. In addition, there is also an investigation into the alleged criminal act of garbage retribution corruption at the Bandarlampung Environment Agency (DLH) for the 2019, 2020, and 2021 fiscal years. The legal basis used in settlement of criminal acts in the field of taxation is Law Number 6 of 1983 concerning general provisions and tax procedures and their amendments. In addition, the norms of criminal acts in the field of taxation also include provisions contained in the Criminal Code and other laws and regulations. In conclusion, corruption is an act of enriching oneself or others, which can harm the economy and state finances. Legal subjects of corruption can be corporations and civil servants.

Interaction of Crime Risk across Crime Types in Hotspot Areas

Repeat and near-repeat victimization are important concepts in the study of crime. The incidence of repeat offenses within a single type of crime has been confirmed. However, the study of the circumstances existing across crime types requires further investigation. This article investigates whether the phenomenon of near-repeat crime exists in different types of crime by studying the spread of crime risk within different crime types. Taking Suzhou City as the research area, a DBSCAN-based algorithm is proposed, which can detect a large number of important and stable hotspots through the multi-density self-adaptation of algorithm parameters. Pearson correlation is used to analyze the risk correlation between different types of crime. In different crime hotspots, the types of crime and the spread of crime risk among different types is also different. After a crime occurs, identifying the risk can aid crime prevention.