Code-mixing Phenomena Research Articles

Sasak-Taliwang Code Mixing Used Among Inhabitants of Jantuk Village Mantang in Central Lombok

AbstractPeople may speak bilingually because they acquire two languages during childhood or learn second language after acquiring their first language. In Jantuk community, people there speak two languages which the combination of both is not common. The two languages are Taliwang and Sasak languages. Due to this code mixing phenomenon, it is important to carry out a research in this topic. This research aimed to find out the types and reasons of code mixing appearing in daily conversation of Jantuk community located in Mantang. This research used descriptive qualitative method to find out, analyze, and classify code mixing. As this phenomenon only happened in Jantuk village, this research was conducted in Jantuk, Central Lombok. The data were analyzed based on the theory of Suwito and Hoffman. The finding of this study showed that there were four types of code mixing used by Jantuk people. They were word insertion, phrase insertion, clause insertion and repetition insertion. The reasons were talking about particular topic, expressing group identity and interjection. Even though Jantuk community mixed two contrast languages, they did not change any meaning, topic, situation, and setting of place of the sentence.

CODE-MIXING IN LANGUAGE STYLE OF SOUTH JAKARTA COMMUNITY INDONESIA

The purpose of this paper is about to investigate of Code-Mixing appeared in South Jakarta Community while this community having chat each other through social media, WhatsApp and Twitter. The phenomenon of Code-Mixing and Code-Switching in Indonesia became viral in last September. The used of code-mixing helps them to communicate with others, because not all the people can use the language properly. So that, learning about language is really needed. It will increase their vocabularies whether in Bahasa or English. Also, there are few reasons why the community applies the code-mixing in the daily activities. The writer uses the method of qualitative-description research which is done by the writer by getting involved in the community of social media, having the library and internet research with the relevant sources, and collects the data to be analyzed also describes by explaining the result of the research. The conclusion of the research is by the often using of Code-Mixing, the people indirectly increase their vocabularies. This phenomenon influenced many people to start to apply the Code-Mixing

Foreign words in spoken Lithuanian language

The aim of this article is to redefine the phenomenon of borrowing on the basis of the Corpus of Spoken Lithuanian: to analyse the frequency and use of foreign words, to determine the proportion of new borrowings among foreign words, and to examine whether some of the foreign words may be treated as the instances of code switching or code mixing. The article attempts to make a distinction between new borrowings and other foreign words and discusses the phenomenon of code mixing in spoken language for the first time in Lithuanian; it also explains the terms of code switching and code mixing, which have not been discussed in Lithuanian linguistics. The results of the quantitative research have revealed that foreign words comprise only 0.33% of all words in spoken language. The largest proportion of these words is English words and phrases (93%), while lexemes or phrases from Russian, Latin, or Italian comprise only 7% of the words. The research has determined that new borrowings constitute 44% of all foreign words in the conversations under the present investigation, and code mixing has been employed in 56% of all instances. The research has demonstrated that code mixing is the most typical of spoken private speech, while the use of new borrowings is more frequent in more formal registers of spoken language, i.e. academic and media language.

Code-Switching in Lower-Class Writing: Autobiographies by Patients from Southern German Psychiatric Hospitals (1852–1931)

AbstractThis paper examines intra-speaker variation in historical writing. Its purpose is to show that lower-class people were able to consciously switch between language forms of conceptual orality and distance in their texts. To test this hypothesis, the article focuses on code-switching phenomena in autobiographic writing by patients from the Southern German psychiatric hospitals in Irsee and Kaufbeuren (1852–1931). The corpus of this paper consists of c. 98,300 tokens by 22 writers, of whom 11 use code-switching. First, I develop a method to distinguish code-switching from code-mixing phenomena in written texts by combining structural with functional approaches. In the article’s empirical part, I analyse the writers’ different communicative repertoires and the structures and functions of code-switching. Writers use linguistic variants of both conceptual orality and distance for code-switching. Thereby, they often use dialect, regional, or Southern German language forms that are outside of their regular linguistic repertoires. This leads to a re-evaluation of diatopically marked variants as not necessarily reflecting a writer’s lack of standard competence, but on the contrary being his or her deliberate linguistic choices.

Classificare il code mixing: una reinterpretazione dei parametri di constituency del modello di Muysken

Aim of this paper is to discuss the problem of classification and analysis of code mixing, in particular by observing the different conditions of constituency in the three classes of phenomena described by Muysken (2000): insertion, alternation and congruent lexicalization. After a close reading of Muysken’s parameters concerning constituency (as detailed in Bilingual Speech), the paper will propose a partial revision of his classification model, by introducing two scales combined in a matrix for the evaluation of the conditions of constituency. This partial revision will then be tested on different cases of code mixing already analyzed by Muysken (2000) and on selected examples from an Italian-German corpus collected in South Tyrol. The proposed model aims at observing code mixing phenomena in relation to the sociolinguistic context in which they occur, in order to achieve a better understanding on the process and factors involved in the interaction between grammars in language contact situations.

An Investigation into English Mixing in Chinese Internet Language

This paper examines the code-mixing phenomenon in Chinese internet language from top 10 websites. By analysing 250 code-mixing sentences, the study found most often used English words are NBA, love, CBD, flash, New etc. The semantic functions of these words are quite similar to research conducted in other contexts of Chinese cultural origin (e.g., Hong Kong and Taiwan). In addition, 200 questionnaires were sent out in order to better understand the general public’s attitudes towards English mixing in Chinese internet discourse. The findings indicate that code-mixing is a trend in Chinese internet discourse, but there is not a sign of cultural invasion by those words because those words are purely having the linguistic function rather than other features. The study also suggests that though English mixing has become an inescapable trend, much attention still needs to be paid on how to balance the use of code-mixing, in order to make less confusion and refrain from cultural interference.

Pieter Muysken, Bilingual speech: A typology of code-mixing. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. Pp. xvi, 306. Hb $ 59.95.

Bilingual speech takes research on code-mixing a step further toward achieving a better understanding of the differences in what in the past has been referred to simply as the mixing of two languages in the sentence (or intrasentential code-switching). In addition, Muysken presents the state of the discipline of language contact in the year 2000 from the perspective of the grammar and structure of language contact phenomena. He brings together and analyzes an extensive set of language pairs from a wide variety of communities and social contexts. Good familiarity with such varied multilingual data provides the author with a strong base on which to support his three-way classification (insertion, alternation, and congruent lexicalization) of code-mixing phenomena at the sentence level.