Phenomenon Of Abuse Research Articles

Legal anomalies within human rights implementation in court: Ukrainian heritage and perspectives

The law is a regulator of relations based on an orderly, generally accepted system of ideas and norms for the behaviour of subjects in a particular relationship. A large number of regulations, which are an external reflection of the content of law, sets the boundaries of such behaviour, but under the influence of relevant factors that have a subjective and/or objective nature, there are cases of deviation from generally accepted regulations, the so-called legal anomalies that occur in the exercise of a person’s rights in court. This article contains an analysis of current legal anomalies that may arise in the exercise of a person’s procedural rights in the administration of justice, given the reasons that provoke their occurrence. Both legal anomalies related to the subject of realisation of rights in court and anomalies that indirectly affect the possibility and completeness of such realisation were subject to research. The authors assessed the phenomenon of abuse of law, legal nihilism of the participants in the process, inconsistencies of judicial practice, etc., in terms of classifying such phenomena as legal anomalies. The possibility of recognising a legal anomaly at the legislative level (abuse of law) and the transformation of a legal anomaly into a rule of procedural law (written proceedings) is investigated. Variants of vulnerabilities of the modern mechanism of administration of justice are offered, where there is a high probability of emergence of new legal anomalies in the sphere of realisation of the rights of the person at protection by a court of the broken, unrecognised, or disputed rights.

Control Poly-Pharmacy: Elderly Patients’ Practices

Background: Poly-pharmacy is an area of concern for the elderly. Poly-pharmacy was initially coined to refer to specific problems linked to multiple drug intake and excessive drug usage. Aim of the study: The study aims to assess practices used by old-age patients to control Poly-pharmacy. Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study design was used to answer the research questions. Subjects & Setting: sample size was 114 elderly patients from elderly patients visiting outpatient clinics monthly. Tools: A checklist to assess poly pharmacies’ practices. Results: the majority of the study sample wasn’t reading the labels of the medications nor adhering to the immunization system of the old age (79.8% and 78%, respectively). The highest satisfactory level (66.6%) of practice was for the university education, followed by the urban area residents (60%), and finally, in the third level were the secondary level of education 59.1%. Conclusion: The prevalence of polypharmacy and its consequences among the elderly is significantly affected by the level of education. University education was the highest satisfactory adherence to the alternative practices that control poly-pharmacy, followed by secondary education, then primary then illiterate. Recommended: Designing an educational program for the elderly to increase their awareness and knowledge about the phenomenon of drug abuse and its consequences.

Control Poly-Pharmacy: Elderly Patients’ Perception

Background: Poly-pharmacy has previously been recognized as a key predictor of potentially inappropriate prescription in the elderly. The number of medicines used is not always symptomatic of Poly-pharmacy since all of the prescriptions may be clinically required and acceptable for the patient; nevertheless, as the number of prescribed drugs grows, so does the likelihood of Poly-pharmacy. Aim of the study: The study aims to assess the level of knowledge regarding Poly-pharmacy among old-age patients. Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study design was used. Subjects & Setting: sample size was 114 elderly patients from elderly patients visiting outpatient clinics monthly. Tool: An interview questionnaire to assess geriatric patient’s Poly-pharmacy knowledge. Results: Two-thirds of the study sample (66.7%) were taking medications based on their own previous experience, 41.2% was unaware of the Poly-pharmacy definition, 36.8% didn’t know about Poly-pharmacy contributing factors, 38.5% was unaware of GIT side effects related to Poly-pharmacy, 35.9% was unaware of the Poly-pharmacy impact on their cognitive function, 29.8% didn’t know the measures that are reducing Poly-pharmacy. Conclusion: The prevalence of Poly-pharmacy and its consequences among the elderly is significantly consequent to the level of education. Recommended: Designing an educational program for the elderly to increase their awareness and knowledge about the phenomenon of drug abuse and its consequences.

How Do ‘The Old’ and ‘The New’ Live Together? the Principal Purpose Test and Other Anti-avoidance Instruments in Tax Treaties

The entry into force of the Multilateral Instrument (MLI) will entail the massive incorporation of a general anti-avoidance rule (the principal purpose test) into a significant number of double taxation conventions. However, these conventions often contain other clauses of different origin that have traditionally been used to deal with the phenomenon of treaty abuse. This article describes the ‘problems of coexistence’ between the principal purpose test and these other clauses when their conditions of application and legal consequences may be different. Finally, it also offers legal solutions to these conflicts. Base erosion and profit shifting, multilateral instrument, anti-avoidance rules, general anti-avoidance rules, special anti-avoidance rules, principal purpose test, beneficial ownership, limitation on benefits.

Nosocomial infections as one of the most important problems of healthcare system.

Healthcare-associated infections (HAI) are commonly defined as adverse events resulting from the provision of healthcare. The reduction of risk arising from the spread of pathogenic microorganisms in the hospital environment is a considerable challenge in the context of the proper functioning of the medical services sector. The financial costs of hospitals resulting from HAI are a serious problem for the Polish healthcare system. The spread of strains with a high level of drug resistance in individual hospitals is associated with the local epidemiological situation. In 2015-2017, there was a high increase in the number of infections caused by New Delhi strains. The highest increase due to this strain occurred in Mazowieckie and Podlasie provinces. The dynamics of infection caused by New Delhi strains throughout Poland in 2015-2016 indicated an increase of 278.7%. In 2017, the phenomenon of antibiotic abuse in all regions of Poland was 24% higher than the EU average. One of the reasons is the insufficient number of diagnostic tests ordered by both general practitioners and doctors representing hospital care. In 2016-2017, the average number of microbiological tests in diagnosing hospital infections performed annually within the entire territory of Poland was 50% lower than in European Union countries and the number recommended by WHO. Increased, and at the same time inappropriate antibiotic therapy led to a build-upof drug resistance among bacterial species of significant clinical importance. The current epidemiological situation imposes the necessity for constant HAI control and broadly understood rationalization of the guidelines of hospital antibiotic policy.

Demonic possession: Narratives of domestic abuse and trauma in Malaysia

AbstractEvery society deploys narratives concerning the phenomenon of domestic abuse which serve to downplay and normalise it. Drawing on qualitative research with survivors in Malaysia, and working from a feminist postcolonial framework, this paper explores how the notion of demonic possession is used by survivors and perpetrators as a metaphor for domestic abuse, and a narrative to make sense of and excuse it. The idea of demonic possession has utility because of its close fit both with perpetrators' behaviour and the symptoms experienced by survivors with trauma. The research focuses on the intimate dynamics of abuse, including coercive control and intimate captivity, and the pivotal role of possession and trauma in the successful exertion of control and in extending the damaging effects of abuse. We argue that demonic possession reflects another way in which globally endemic practices of domestic abuse are justified and explained; it provides a means for perpetrators to evade responsibility for abuse, and a way in which the pernicious effects of both abuse and trauma on survivors, their families, and wider society are sometimes dismissed. The paper highlights the significance of culturally sensitive approaches to domestic violence and trauma as a counterpoint to western‐centric understandings. It also stresses the need for locally generated approaches to awareness raising and support services in Malaysia and elsewhere.

Abuse Issue in Labor Relations

Based on an analysis of the provisions of the legislation, the law enforcement acts of the courts, the essence of the legal phenomenon of abuse, as well as the problems associated with the application of provisions on abuse of law in the field of labor legal relations, are investigated. Based on examples from judicial practice, the paper substantiates the absence of a formally defined approach to the application of the principle of inadmissibility of abuse, as well as its superficial understanding. The paper reveals the issues of theoretical heterogeneity of the intersectoral concept of abuse of law in domestic science, as well as the understanding of the concept of "abuse" and its elements existing in the science of labor law. In addition, the possibility of highlighting this type of abuse as abuse of power (opportunities) is being considered. The expediency of the development of an integrated cross[1] sectoral system of views and legal norms in relation to abuse in law is substantiated, giving answers to questions about the place of abuse in the system of legal behavior, its means and the system of effective measures of responsibility.

Substance Abuse And Mental Health Disorder Among The Youth Living In Conflict Environment

Background: Substance abuse and mental health issue in conflicted environment zones is a major public health concern. Exposure to the climate of terrorism and conflict has been inextricably linked with growing phenomenon of mental health disorder and substance abuse. State of Jammu and Kashmir has witnessed long conflict for the past few decades, resulted disastrous consequence on the lives of population. Studies in this regard have been remained neutral to study conflict and psychiatric disorder and its association with substance abuse. Aims: The main aim of the study is to explore the link between substance abuse and mental health disorders among the people living in conflict zone of Kashmir. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted in various departments of Counseling and Mental Health Assessments Clinic Centre in districts and sub district government hospitals in Kashmir region. For this study, 240 patients has selected through the purposive sampling of non-probability method. The interview schedule was main research tools used for this study. Results: The findings of the study indicate that people living in the conflict affected region are more vulnerable to develop mental health disorder like depression, anxiety and stress consequently leads them to induce in substance abuse behaviour. The study examines there is close association between mental health disorder and use of harmful substance such as, depressants drugs, opioid, cannabis and non-medicinal prescription of drugs. Further the study also found that harmful substances are mainly used to relieve the psychological disorder. Moreover the study finds that exposure of conflict related incidents such as socio-economic challenges; unemployment, family problem, killings, property destruction, torture and detention are the main cause of psychological disorder. Conclusion: There is a substantial relationship between the prevalence of psychological disorders and substance abuse in a conflict setting. When dealing with a population exposed to violence and terrorism, special attention should be paid to the detection, prevention, and treatment of these illnesses.

Substance Abuse And Mental Health Disorder Among The Youth Living In Conflict Environment

Substance abuse and mental health issue in conflicted environment zones is a major public health concern. Exposure to the climate of terrorism and conflict has been inextricably linked with growing phenomenon of mental health disorder and substance abuse. State of Jammu and Kashmir has witnessed long conflict for the past few decades, resulted disastrous consequence on the lives of population. Studies in this regard have been remained neutral to study conflict and psychiatric disorder and its association with substance abuse. Aims: The main aim of the study is to explore the link between substance abuse and mental health disorders among the people living in conflict zone of Kashmir. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted in various departments of Counseling and Mental Health Assessments Clinic Centre in districts and sub district government hospitals in Kashmir region. For this study, 240 patients has selected through the purposive sampling of non-probability method. The interview schedule was main research tools used for this study. Results: The findings of the study indicate that people living in the conflict affected region are more vulnerable to develop mental health disorder like depression, anxiety and stress consequently leads them to induce in substance abuse behaviour. The study examines there is close association between mental health disorder and use of harmful substance such as, depressants drugs, opioid, cannabis and non-medicinal prescription of drugs. Further the study also found that harmful substances are mainly used to relieve the psychological disorder. Moreover the study finds that exposure of conflict related incidents such as socio-economic challenges; unemployment, family problem, killings, property destruction, torture and detention are the main cause of psychological disorder. Conclusion: There is a substantial relationship between the prevalence of psychological disorders and substance abuse in a conflict setting. When dealing with a population exposed to violence and terrorism, special attention should be paid to the detection, prevention, and treatment of these illnesses.

Методологічні проблеми аналізу розмивання податкової бази та виведення прибутку з-під оподаткування (BEPS)

The article is devoted to the issues of the methodology of the analysis of the base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS) for the development of managerial approaches to counteracting these destructive phenomena in Ukraine. Eleven types of data sources identified by the OECD that can be used for BEPS analysis are determined. It is shown that most sources of information for the purposes of analyzing the scale and effects of BEPS have significant limitations: their absence or limited representativeness in some countries; regulatory restrictions on access to data; lack of most financial data to reflect the activities of multinational corporations (MNCs). The indicators that testify to BEPS or dangerous phenomena of financial abuse, which are reflected in reporting, are analyzed, namely: 1) disconnect between financial and real economic activities; 2) high profit rates of low-taxed affiliates of top global MNCs; 3) high profit rates of MNC affiliates in lower-tax locations; 4) MNCs vs. "comparable" non-MNC effective tax rate differentials; 5) profit shifting through intangibles; 6) profit shifting through interest. It is proved that for Ukraine the calculation of a number of indicators can be complicated due to the delay in the publication of official data; lack of appropriate statistical reporting. In general, indicators show that they provide limited information about financial transactions and cannot reliably relate any changes and their reflection to BEPS. Therefore, the implementation of measures to combat BEPS should be based not only on the results of calculations of OECD indicators, but also on other empirical studies that provide reliable information on the development of income transfer between countries.

The Human Right to Justice for Older Persons With Mental Health Conditions

This article explores the nature and extent of barriers to access to justice that older persons experience, including those with mental health conditions. It finds that access to justice-the right to fair, prompt and responsive decisions by administrative decision-makers and equal access to courts and tribunals to obtain timely and effective remedies-is not only an important right in itself but also enables the enjoyment of many other human rights. Yet older persons, particularly those with mental health conditions, face a significant "justice gap." Ageist attitudes, laws and practices interact with other forms of bias such as mentalism, sexism, ableism, racism, homophobia, and heterosexism exacerbating older persons' disadvantage and marginalization, particularly those with mental health conditions, and older indigenous persons. These discriminatory practices, together with the phenomena of elder abuse, all severely limit older persons' access to timely and responsive justice. International and national standards, both general and specific to older persons, have been shown to be inadequate to respond to this justice gap. An international standard in the form of a binding legal obligation that specifically addresses older persons' rights of access to justice is needed urgently as part of a new international treaty on the human rights of older persons.

The necessity of the legislator's intervention in the institution of Mahr in order to solve today’s social problem

One of the rights established by Sharia and law to protect women is Mahr. But Mahr is not one of the pillars of permanent marriage, and even a marriage without it is valid. Heavy Mahrs are one of the legal and social problems of our society. In many cases, disproportionate and unreasonable Mahrs, instead of providing financial support to the wife and the strength of the family, are used as a tool to threaten and cause anxiety in couples and as a result shake the foundation of the family to the point that it causes the phenomenon of husband abuse. Therefore, the question is whether the government can intervene in determining the amount of Mahr according to its expediency and limit and adjust it according to a commanding rule, and in order to reduce legal and social problems, prevent disproportionate and heavy Mahrs? Accordingly, in the present article, we have come to the conclusion that the government, based on expediency and necessity, can intervene in the institution of Mahr like other legal issues that have social dimensions and seek to adjust and limit the Mahr through legislation.

Implementation Of Assessments In Determining Victims Of Narcotics Abuse In Rehabilitation Efforts In Covid-19 Pandemic Conditions In District Of Karawang Indonesia

The problem of narcotics has become a very serious threat to all countries in the world, including in Southeast Asia. Indonesia as part of the Southeast Asian region sees the phenomenon of abuse and circulation of narcotics in the country as a serious threat that must be fought. The Covid-19 pandemic has not dampened the illicit narcotics business. Narcotics Abusers during the Covid-19 Pandemic have the right to obtain rehabilitation efforts through an assessment process, the Narcotics Law aims to ensure the arrangement of medical and ssocial rehabilitation efforts for abusers and narcotics addicts. An addict and a victim of narcotics abuse is a victim of narcotics so he deserves to be called a sick person. As a result, an addict and a victim of narcotics abuse must undergo treatment by admitting it to a medical and / or social rehabilitation institution.

Voices of abused workers: Implications for mitigating worker mistreatment

In the contemporary business reality, marked by unemployment and loose labor markets, workplace abuse is likely to climb as organizations and managers wield increased leverage in the employment relationship. We explore the organizational phenomenon of worker abuse and examine workplace blog accounts from abused workers to uncover shared insights. Based on these findings, we offer research-based suggestions, implications for practice, and resources for organizations, managers, and workers. Specifically, we advance an ABUSE mitigation model as a holistic management system for identifying and dealing with workplace abuse.

‘A leap forward’? Critiquing the criminalisation of domestic abuse in Northern Ireland

Following in the footsteps of other jurisdictions across the UK and Republic of Ireland, Northern Ireland is currently taking steps to criminalise ‘domestic abuse’. The proposed offence is strongly influenced by research into ‘coercive control’, a framing popularised by Evan Stark that captures both physical and nonphysical forms of abuse. In this article, I introduce the Northern Ireland Domestic Abuse and Family Proceedings Bill, before analysing its likely impacts on victim-survivors. To do so, I draw from three key critiques of criminalisation that have emerged from both reformist and anti-carceral feminist scholarship: first, that implementation will pose practical challenges; second, that criminalisation will result in a range of unintended harms; and, third, that criminalisation alone is an ineffective response to domestic abuse. In light of these critiques, I argue for a more holistic response, which considers the underlying social structures and dynamics that contextualise the phenomenon of domestic abuse.

Preventing child abuse and neglect in Romania

In this paper we analyze the phenomenon of abuse and neglect in Romania in order to reduce the incidence of this phenomenon. This paper addresses issues regarding: the description of child abuse, types of child abuse (e.g.: physical abuse; sexual abuse; emotional / psychological abuse and child neglect), particularities of children abuse in Romania, and some therapeutic models used in treating the effects of child abuse.

Reconceiving Coercion-Based Defenses

Coercing someone is sometimes wrong, and sometimes a crime. People subject to coercion are sometimes eligible for criminal defenses, such as duress. How, exactly, does coercion operate in such contexts? Among legal scholars the predominant understanding of coercion is the “wrongful pressure” model, which states that coercion exists when the coercer wrongfully threatens the target and, as a result of this threat, the target is pressured to act in accordance with the coercer’s threat. Some tokens of coercion do not fit neatly within existing legal categories or the wrongful pressure model of coercion. For example, coercive control is a psychological phenomenon of interpersonal abuse in which one person pervasively regulates the choices of another. Coercive control is sometimes carried out through violence or threats of violence, but often through ostensibly non-violent forms of degradation (such as humiliation and isolation). Coercive control is often evinced in abusive intimate relationships, including in human trafficking. People subject to coercive control are undeniably coerced. Yet the wrongful pressure model cannot adequately explain why. Those subject to coercive control are ineligible for coercion-based criminal defenses, such as duress and affirmative defenses for victims of human trafficking, in part because of the inadequacy of the wrongful pressure model. This Article articulates and defends an alternative understanding of coercion that, after philosopher Scott Anderson, we call the “enforcement approach” to coercion. According to the enforcement approach, coercion involves the coercer’s using power to determine what the target will or will not do. The enforcement approach is superior to the wrongful pressure approach as an explanation for what makes coercion wrong and why being subject to coercion should provide a defense to criminal liability. Furthermore, the enforcement approach better explains how coercion operates pervasively, such as in coercive control contexts. The enforcement approach also invites a broader rethinking of coercion-based criminal defenses. We utilize the enforcement approach to propose a model criminal defense for those subject to coercive control that would supplement existing defenses.

Visual-evoked potential changes in opioid addiction

ObjectivesTo assess addiction severity index (ASI) problem rating before and after management and to assess the effect of opioid addiction on neural transmission within the primary visual tract of the brain by using visual-evoked potentials (VEP).BackgroundAn increasing phenomenon of opioid abuse has been demonstrated in Egypt in the last 4 years.Patients and methodsA case–control study was conducted on 100 male patients. Fifty patients with opioid addiction disorder diagnosed according to Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th ed. and 50 volunteers with age and sex matched with the addict group formed the control group. Patients were subjected to history taking, general medical and neurological examination, detection of severity of addiction according to ASI before and after treatment, detection of VEP changes in both groups, addicts (before treatment) and controls, to assess the differences between addict and control groups.ResultThe mean of age addict patients was 34.52 ± 9.09 and the mean age of the control group was 33.50 ± 9.38. There was no significant difference between cases and control. Fifty addict male patients were studied in comparison with the other 50 healthy male controls. Regarding severity of problem areas of ASI before and after treatment, there were highly significant decline in problem ratings on drugs, legal, family/social, and psychological dimensions of the ASI. The only areas without significant decline were medical and employment/functioning. Regarding our VEP findings, there was highly significant difference in P100 latency and P100 amplitude between the studied cases and control groups.ConclusionOpioids became increasingly popular despite the potential harms associated with their use.

GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS) FOR MAPPING OF DRUG ABUSE USING SPATIAL CORRELATION ANALYSIS IN NORTH SUMATRA PROVINCE

<div><div><p class="Els-history-head">Drug abuse is a problem that affects almost every country in the world including Indonesia. In the long term, it has the potential to disrupt competitiveness, weaken national resilience, and can hinder the progress of a nation. North Sumatra is a province that has the highest prevalence of drug abusers in Indonesia, which none of the villages in this Province is free from drug abuse. The North Sumatera Province also has the highest number of drug abusers undergoing rehabilitation at the BNN Rehabilitation Center. The use of geospatial technology can help understand the phenomenon of drug abuse by area or spatial. One of the geospatial technology that commonly uses is the Geographic Information System (GIS). This study aims to show that GIS can be used in mapping drug-prone areas in North Sumatra based on North Sumatran people undergoing drug rehabilitation. The method used is a retrospective based on secondary data and spatial statistics in GIS. The environment prone to drug abuse based on the number of people undergoing drug rehabilitation at the BNN Rehabilitation Center from North Sumatra is divided into 3 zones based on the number of clients distributed in BNN Rehabilitation Center, namely red, yellow and green. Red zone 3 cities/districts namely Deli Serdang, Medan, and Binjai with 9 sub-districts namely Percut Sei Tuan, Medan Amplas, Medan Helvetia, Medan Tembung, Medan Perjuangan, Binjai Utara, Medan Sunggal, Medan Johor, Medan Timur. The yellow area has 25 districts, the green area is 103 districts. In a conclusion, the Geographic Information System (GIS) is a technology that can be used to map drug-prone areas.</p></div></div>

PHYSICAL ABUSE IN EARLY CHILDHOOD: A QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

Tarihten bugüne kadar çocuklar her dönemde önem taşımıştır. Çocuklara karşı sergilenen davranışlarzamandan zamana toplumdan topluma farklılık göstermiştir. Tarihten beri çocuklar, iyi muamelegördükleri kadar kötü davranışlara da muhatap olmuşlardır. Bu kötü davranışlardan biri ve yaygın olanıfiziksel istismardır. Bu konu psikolojiden, sosyolojiye, pedagojiden, çocuk gelişimine kadar farklı bilimdallarının ilgisini çekmiştir. Bu makalede erken çocukluk döneminde yaşanan fiziksel istismarınincelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda çocukların uğradığı fiziksel istismar olgusu ile yaş, cinsiyet,aile içi çocuk sıralaması, ebeveyn eğitim düzeyi değişkenleri bilimsel yöntem ile incelenmeye çalışılmıştır.Araştırma sonucunda fiziksel istismara uğrayan çocukların %10.94’ ünün 12 yaş grubunu, %10.45’ininise 5 yaş ve 8 yaş grubunu oluşturdukları belirlenmiştir. Çocukların %0.90’ı ise 17 yaş grubunuoluşturmaktadır. Fiziksel istismara uğrayan çocukların %45.77’sinin ailede ilk çocuk, %27.3’nün ikinciçocuk, %18.4’ünün ise üçüncü çocuk olduğu görülmüştür. Eğitim düzeyi değişkeni kapsamında ise 3, 4,5, 6 ve 7 yaş grubundaki çocukların ebeveynlerinin eğitim düzeylerinin birbirine daha yakın olduğusonucuna ulaşılmıştır. 7 yaş ve 12 yaş grubundaki çocukların ebeveynleri lisans eğitim düzeyindeyoğunlaşma göstermiştir.