Dynamic Phenomena Research Articles

Tracing magnetic switchbacks to their source: An assessment of solar coronal jets as switchback precursors

The origin of large-amplitude magnetic field deflections in the solar wind, known as magnetic switchbacks, is still under debate. These structures, which are ubiquitous in the in situ observations made by Parker Solar Probe (PSP), likely have their seed in the lower solar corona, where small-scale energetic events driven by magnetic reconnection could provide conditions ripe for either direct or indirect generation. We investigated potential links between in situ measurements of switchbacks and eruptions originating from the clusters of small-scale solar coronal loops known as coronal bright points to establish whether these eruptions act as precursors to switchbacks. We traced solar wind switchbacks from PSP back to their source regions using the ballistic back-mapping and potential field source surface methods, and analyzed the influence of the source surface height and solar wind propagation velocity on magnetic connectivity. Using extreme ultraviolet images, we combined automated and visual approaches to identify small-scale eruptions (e.g., jets) in the source regions. The jet occurrence rate was then compared with the rate of switchbacks captured by PSP. We find that the source region connected to the spacecraft varies significantly depending on the source surface height, which exceeds the expected dependence on the solar cycle and cannot be detected via polarity checks. For two corotation periods that are straightforwardly connected, we find a matching level of activity (jets and switchbacks), which is characterized by the hourly rate of events and depends on the size of the region connected to PSP. However, no correlation is found between the two time series of hourly event rates. Modeling constraints and the event selection may be the main limitations in the investigation of a possible correlation. Evolutionary phenomena occurring during the solar wind propagation may also influence our results. These results do not allow us to conclude that the jets are the main switchback precursors, nor do they rule out this hypothesis. They may also indicate that a wider range of dynamical phenomena are the precursors of switchbacks.

Modeling the Mutation and Competition of Certain Nutrient-Producing Protocells by Means of Specific Turing Machines

Abstract It is very important to model the behavior of protocells as basic lifelike artificial organisms more and more accurately from the level of genomes to the level of populations. A better understanding of basic protocell communities may help us in describing more complex ecological systems accurately. In this article, we propose a new comprehensive, bilevel mathematical model of a community of three protocell species (one generalist and two specialists). The aim is to achieve a model that is as basic/fundamental as possible while already displaying mutation, selection, and complex population dynamics phenomena (like competitive exclusion and keystone species). At the microlevel of genetic codes, the protocells and their mutations are modeled with Turing machines (TMs). The specialists arise from the generalist by means of mutation. Then the species are put into a common habitat, where, at the macrolevel of populations, they have to compete for the available nutrients, a part of which they themselves can produce. Because of different kinds of mutations, the running times of the species as TMs (algorithms) are different. This feature is passed on to the macrolevel as different reproduction times. At the macrolevel, a discrete-time dynamic model describes the competition. The model displays complex lifelike behavior known from population ecology, including the so-called competitive exclusion principle and the effect of keystone species. In future works, the bilevel model will have a good chance of serving as a simple and useful tool for studying more lifelike phenomena (like evolution) in their pure/abstract form.

Dynamical Investigation of a Modified Cubic Map with a Discrete Memristor Using Microcontrollers

This study presents a novel approach by implementing an active memristor in a hyperchaotic discrete system, based on a cubic map, which is implemented by using two different microcontrollers. The key contributions of this work are threefold. The use of two microcontrollers with improved characteristics, such as speed and memory, for faster and more accurate computations significantly improves upon previous systems. Also, for the first time, an active memristor is used in a discrete-time system, which is implemented by using a microcontroller. Furthermore, the system is compared with two different types of microcontrollers regarding the execution time and the quality of the produced bifurcation diagrams. The proposed memristive cubic map uses computationally efficient polynomial functions, which are well suited to microcontroller-based systems, in contrast to more resource-intensive trigonometric and exponential functions. Bifurcation diagrams and a Lyapunov exponent analysis from simulating the system in Mathematica revealed hyperchaotic behavior, along with other significant dynamical phenomena, such as regular orbits, chaotic trajectories, and transitions to chaos through mechanisms like period doubling and crisis phenomena. Experimental verification confirmed the consistency of the results across microcontroller platforms, underscoring the practicality and potential applications of active memristor-based chaotic systems.

Hyperbolic Sine Function Control-Based Finite-Time Bipartite Synchronization of Fractional-Order Spatiotemporal Networks and Its Application in Image Encryption

This work is devoted to the hyperbolic sine function (HSF) control-based finite-time bipartite synchronization of fractional-order spatiotemporal networks and its application in image encryption. Initially, the addressed networks adequately take into account the nature of anisotropic diffusion, i.e., the diffusion matrix can be not only non-diagonal but also non-square, without the conservative requirements in plenty of the existing literature. Next, an equation transformation and an inequality estimate for the anisotropic diffusion term are established, which are fundamental for analyzing the diffusion phenomenon in network dynamics. Subsequently, three control laws are devised to offer a detailed discussion for HSF control law’s outstanding performances, including the swifter convergence rate, the tighter bound of the settling time and the suppression of chattering. Following this, by a designed chaotic system with multi-scroll chaotic attractors tested with bifurcation diagrams, Poincaré map, and Turing pattern, several simulations are pvorided to attest the correctness of our developed findings. Finally, a formulated image encryption algorithm, which is evaluated through imperative security tests, reveals the effectiveness and superiority of the obtained results.

Dynamic Phosphorescence Behavior of Carbene-Metal-Amide Complexes from the Perspective of Excited State Modulation.

Carbene-metal-amide (CMA) complexes have diverse applications in luminescence, imaging and sensing. In this study, we designed and synthesized a series of CMA complexes, which were subsequently doped into a PMMA host. These materials demonstrate light-induced dynamic phosphorescence, attributed to their long intrinsic triplet state lifetime (τP,int, in the μs-ms scale), high intersystem crossing (ISC) rate constant (kISC, up to 107 s-1), and bright phosphorescence. The extended τP,int, and elevated kISC facilitate efficient sensitization of singlet oxygen (1O2) under light irradiation, which is rapidly consumed by the host material, creating a localized anaerobic environment conducive to bright phosphorescence emission. The Sn-T1 process exhibits a large spin-orbital coupling matrix element (SOCME) value, while the SOCME value between T1 and S0 is comparatively smaller, resulting in a large kISC and long τP,int, Computational results indicate that the hole-electron configuration in the lowest triplet state exhibits low contributions from gold. Based on the dynamic phosphorescence properties, an encryption material capable of achieving a "burn after reading" effect was developed. This work illustrates that those phosphorescent emitters with minimal heavy atom contribution can produce dynamic phosphorescent phenomena, providing a novel strategy for designing stimuli-responsive phosphorescent materials.

Multi-wavelength global maps of Jupiter and Saturn using Cassini imaging system data

The Imaging Science Subsystem onboard the Cassini spacecraft recorded numerous high-quality images of Jupiter and Saturn at various wavelengths, from ultraviolet to near-infrared, during its 20-year mission from 1997 to 2017. Using these images, we have developed global maps of Jupiter and Saturn across multiple wavelengths. These maps reveal the global atmospheric structures of Jupiter and Saturn, offering a comprehensive tool to study the physical and dynamic processes of these atmospheric systems on a global scale. Additionally, these multi-wavelength maps, which probe different pressure levels within the atmospheres, help to explore the vertical structure of these processes. Moreover, global maps at different times enable tracking the movement of dynamic phenomena (e.g., clouds, storms, vortices, eddies, waves, and turbulence), thereby enhancing our understanding of atmospheric dynamics on the giant planets.

Influence of deformation temperature on flow stress and dynamic metallurgical phenomena in Al–5.81Zn–1.65Mg alloy subjected to thermomechanical processing

To advance the T5 treatment process for Al–5.81Zn–1.65Mg alloys, this study explored the influence of deformation temperature on the solution temperature, ultrafine grain (UFG) formation via dynamic recrystallization (DRX), and strain-induced dynamic precipitation (SIDP) during thermomechanical processing at 300–500 ℃, with a 70% reduction and a strain rate of 1s−1. The flow curve exhibited pronounced work hardening (WH) at 300–350 ℃, whereas a dynamic recovery-type flow curve was observed at 450–500 ℃. As the temperature increased from 300 to 500 °C, the 1st WH rates (ε=0.2–0.4) were 55, 37.5, 20, 8.5, and 10MPa, respectively. Larger DRX grains were formed at higher temperatures. The DRX rate ranged 20%–30% at 300–400 ℃ and increased to 60% at 500 ℃. The texture gradually transitioned from Goss {011}<100> to brass {110}<112> with an increase in the deformation temperature from 300 to 500 ℃. Discontinuous DRX occurred mainly near the grain boundaries and precipitates at 300–400 ℃, shifting to continuous DRX at temperatures ranging from 400 to 500 ℃. At 300 and 400 ℃, larger precipitates (10–50nm) and smaller ones (<10nm) were observed within grains and along boundaries. Precipitates at 300 ℃ were larger and denser than those at 400 ℃, with η’, and T’ phases formed through SIDP. For this alloy, considering the formation of UFG and ensuring sufficient solubility, the appropriate deformation temperature range was 400–500 ℃.

Neutrosophic Approaches to Soliton Solutions for Nonlinear Time-Fractional Coupled Jaulent–Miodek System Using a Modified Laplace Adomian Dec omposition Method

This paper presents a modified Laplace Adomian decomposition method (MLADM) to solve the nonlinear time-fractional coupled Jaulent–Miodek system. The proposed approach provides convergent series solutions with easily computable components, demonstrating both accuracy and simplicity in its application. By employing the Caputo fractional derivative, this study establishes a robust framework for analyzing nonlinear behavior in fractional differential equations. The effectiveness of the method is validated through comparisons with previous studies, with results illustrated using graphical representations. The solutions proposed herein are significant for modeling complex and dynamic real-world phenomena across various scientific disciplines. All computations and graphical results were carried out using Mathematica, emphasizing the method’s reliability, precision, and ease of application to nonlinear fractional systems. The study of fractional nonlinear systems is crucial for modeling complex, dynamic, and uncertain processes, which are core aspects of neutrosophic science. By addressing the intricate behavior of the nonlinear time-fractional coupled Jaulent–Miodek system, this work advances mathematical models that encapsulate uncertainty, indeterminacy, and complex interactions. Such an alignment with the principles of neutrosophic science underscores the relevance of our approach to the objectives of the International Journal of Neutrosophic Science, highlighting its potential to enhance the understanding and practical applications of complex systems.

Spatiotemporal variability of turbidity water in tidal areas of Perak River, Malaysia, based on field survey and Sentinel-2 image analysis

In the Perak River, which flows into Malaysia, a tidal zone extends approximately 40 km from the mouth of the river, and turbid water is always present. Therefore, a detailed field survey is necessary to reveal the dynamical phenomenon of turbid water associated with the tidal zone. However, it is efficient to specify the survey area and conditions by clarifying the rough spatiotemporal variability characteristics in advance. In this study, water sampling and turbidity measurements were conducted in the tidal sensitive area of the Perak River during the satellite Sentinel-2 transit. An equation to estimate turbidity from surface reflectance at near-infrared wavelengths was experimentally developed using fine sand collected from the Perak River, and this equation was applied to past Sentinel-2 images to clarify the spatiotemporal variability characteristics of turbidity in the tidal zone. The results showed a large longitudinal variation in turbidity in the 20 km section from the mouth of the river, and a convergence zone of suspended sediment was identified when turbidity was relatively high.

Co-simulation approach to study of dynamics phenomena for renewables integration into distribution power systems

Co-simulation approach to study of dynamics phenomena for renewables integration into distribution power systems

Are There Grounds for Tax Consequences of Non-Tax Reporting?

The relevance of the research topic is determined by the peculiarities of the implementation of control powers by tax authorities in modern conditions. Similar features are related both to the sphere of relations, namely the circulation of excise goods, the procedures of which are controlled, and the specifics of materials and documents that are examined by the controlling authorities. Accordingly, there is a need for a clear answer to the question - whether non-tax reporting can directly generate tax consequences, which leads to the imposition of fines and penalties for the payer. The purpose of the article is to evaluate tax control measures that reflect the peculiarities of cameral, factual and documentary verification procedures. In order to achieve this goal, several tasks were identified. First, decide on the subject of camera and actual inspection, during which compliance with the legislation on the circulation of excise goods is assessed. Secondly, the ratio of the content of tax reporting and reports on the volume of acquisition and sale of tobacco products, which do not have a tax nature, but perform an exclusively statistical purpose. Thirdly, clarifying the reasons for tax consequences when submitting reports on compliance with licensing conditions for the sale of excise goods. The research uses a number of methods of scientific knowledge. First of all, the system method, on the basis of which the tax consequences regarding the control actions of tax authorities for the circulation of tobacco products are evaluated in the system of implementation of general methods of tax control, the system of tax inspections. In addition, in the mode of implementation of the comparative legal method, an assessment of the legislation that directly regulates tax relations and legislation, the regulation of which is aimed at streamlining the circulation of tobacco products, is carried out. And finally, the method of assessing the dynamics of the development of relations involves clarifying the nature of the phenomenon in dynamics from an assessment of how it happened before, how it is happening now, and what development prospects this phenomenon has. The reconciliation of the reasons for conducting tax audits with their consequences has been studied. Variants of harmonizing tax legislation and legislation regulating the circulation of excisable goods during the provision of tax reporting and its verification have been considered. The level and availability of scientific studies related to the generalization of the excise tax payment procedure, the state of judicial practice in resolving similar disputes, were analyzed.

Green philanthropy: Islamic activism on Indonesia’s environmental democracy

Through the mechanisms of zakat, alms, and waqf, Islam is constructed as a philanthropic religion. The practice of philanthropy has been institutionalised as a religious social institution through the institution of amil zakat, infaq, and sedekah (LAZIS). Over time, the distribution patterns of Islamic philanthropic institutions have evolved, shifting from a focus on economic empowerment and religious da’wah to an emphasis on sustainable development and environmental issues, a concept referred to as “Green Philanthropy”. This research employs empirical methods using qualitative approaches. The data is derived from the practices of various philanthropic organisations in Banyumas Indonesia, such as Dompet Dhuafa, LAZIS Muhammadiyah (LAZISMU), and LAZIS Nahdlatul Ulama (LAZISNU), serving as primary data, alongside various relevant literature as secondary data. This research aims to explore the practices and dynamics of philanthropic distribution that contribute to environmental conservation programs. Employing a phenomenological framework, this study explores the dynamics and practices of Islamic philanthropic institutions in implementing various environmental conservation programs and achieving benefits oriented towards sustainable development. This practice evolved into a significant activism movement advocating for environmental sustainability driven by various Islamic philanthropic organisations. Consequently, this movement reflects efforts to enhance environmental democracy in Indonesia through the engagement of diverser societal elements in environmental conservation and sustainable development programs. As an academic contribution, this research reveals the role and involvement of Islamic philanthropic institutions in efforts to preserve the environment and achieve sustainable development. The practice of philanthropy is a dynamic phenomenon within Islamic law and Muslim activism in response to global challenges.

‘Transnational’ and ‘transcultural’: their divergence and convergence in international higher education*

ABSTRACT Grounded in international higher education, this paper explores the divergence and convergence of the transnational and the transcultural, two widely applied approaches to dynamic processes and phenomena across countries and cultures. As their theoretical foundations, analytical frameworks and discourses are not always fully established in studies of international higher education, the transnational and transcultural approaches are sometimes used interchangeably or in conjunction, without sufficient clarification of their meanings and associations. The inadequate application of these two approaches puts studies that attempt to transcend countries and cultures at risk of reinforcing binary opposites. To address these issues and beyond, this paper begins by reviewing the genealogies of these two ‘trans’ approaches, before focusing on each of their key concepts – transnationality and transculturality. It then explores the convergence of transnationality and transculturality across three major topics in international higher education: mobility, agency and identity, which are discussed in one of the border-crossing contexts, namely the life and experiences of international students. Following this, the paper extends the discussion to a broader scope and provides an alternative analytical framework that embodies the convergence of transnationality and transculturality in the interrelated topics of mobility, agency and identity. This paper concludes by summarising the differences and connections between these two ‘trans’ approaches and their implications for studies of international higher education.

Global Analysis of a Duopoly Game with Privatization of State-Owned Enterprises

This paper constructs a nonlinear dynamical model of a mixed ownership market duopoly game for environmental tax collection within the framework of bounded rationality expectations. A stability analysis of the proposed model is conducted, and a Nash equilibrium stability region is estimated using the Jury criterion. The effects of the degree of privatization and environmental tax rate on the stability are investigated through numerical simulations. Subsequently, the comprehensive global analysis is carried out using the composite cell coordinate system method. Two types of crisis phenomena, namely, interior and boundary crises, have been identified. The former is caused by the collision between chaotic or periodic attractors and interior chaotic saddle within the basin of attraction, and the latter is caused by the collision between chaotic attractor and periodic saddle on the basin boundary. Meanwhile, the global dynamic behavior of two private enterprises engaged in synchronized output adjustment is investigated. When the output adjustment speed varies, the structure of the basin of attraction undergoes a transformation as changes are made to the number of coexisting attractors. The sudden disappearance of one attractor is due to the collision of the chaotic attractor with the saddle, on the basin boundary, merging into a larger saddle and resulting in a boundary crisis. The emergence of numerous “holes” can also be observed. It is found that the presence of periodic or chaotic saddles enriches the dynamical phenomena. Finally, the chaotic phenomenon occurring in the mixed ownership market is controlled using the time-delay feedback control method, stabilizing the system in a stable state, which implies a steady-state of total market output. The study of this model can provide theoretical guidance for the decision-making process of enterprises, helping minimize profit losses while stabilizing the market.

RheoVolution: An N-body simulator for tidally evolving bodies with complex rheological models

We present the open-source software RheoVolution, a computational implementation of the tidal theory based on the Association Principle, which provides a direct link from the adopted rheological model to the body’s deformation matrix in the time domain, thus facilitating the use of more complex rheological models. The code introduced here simulates the motion of N deformable bodies that remain slightly aspherical at all times. Each body can exhibit permanent triaxiality and possess its own rheology, ranging from a simple Maxwell rheology to complex rheologies equivalent to that of multilayered bodies with viscoelastic homogeneous layers. We showcase our program capabilities by reproducing different dynamical phenomena in the Solar System, namely, Earth’s Chandler wobble and true polar wander, Moon’s orbital drift, and Moon’s stabilization in the Cassini state 2.

No Bose-Einstein Condensation in Closed Systems with Linear Dynamics

Recently Bose-Einstein condensation has gathered a popularity and interest. An interesting theoretical phenomenon closely related to BEC and condensation is Frohlich's dynamic condensation phenomenon, proposed as a reoccurring mechanism in biophysics. This phenomenon studied classically brings forth a hypothesis that dynamic emergence of condensation requires nonlinear interactions. Working in the purely quantum regime I show the correctness of the hypothesis for a broad class of initial states as well as show a way for condensation to emerge from linear dynamics if the initial state has very large or very long-range quantum correlations.

Dynamic calibration of self-efficacy to cognitive load: the longitudinal mediation effect of state anxiety

BackgroundPrevious research has shown that higher self-efficacy predicts lower cognitive load. Nevertheless, there is limited research exploring the dynamic calibration phenomenon of cognitive resources by self-efficacy during task execution through experimental methods.MethodsThis study elucidates the relationships and longitudinal mediating effects among self-efficacy, state anxiety, and cognitive load through two studies that employed convenience sampling. Study 1, which aims to provide a comprehensive theoretical understanding of the research question, is an interview study that examines the prevalence of fluctuations in self-efficacy among 22 university students through an in-depth interview. On the other hand, study 2 reveals further causal relationships through experimental methods. It adopts a 3 (repeated measures: first time, second time, third time) × 2 (conditions: feedback group, non-feedback group) mixed design by 86 participants, utilizing a false feedback paradigm to manipulate participants’ self-efficacy, with the task of the experiment being emotion recognition.ResultsThe results demonstrate that, compared to the non-feedback group, false feedback can successfully manipulate the self-efficacy of the participants, and the data from the feedback group further reveals the multilevel mediating role of state anxiety in the process of self-efficacy influencing cognitive load.ConclusionIn general, the findings from two studies suggest that the enhancement of college students’ self-efficacy during task execution can reduce their state anxiety, which in turn can further alleviate cognitive load.

ВЕСТИМЕНТАРНАЯ МОДА В ФИЛОСОФСКО-ЭСТЕТИЧЕСКОМ АСПЕКТЕ

Vestimential fashion, one of the most important phenomena of the modern world, has become the subject of research in various fields of humanitarian knowledge, but for philosophy this object remains of secondary importance. Of course, fashion as a complex systemic object requires a comprehensive study, but one should not forget its foundations, which consist in the realization of the aesthetic ideals of its time. Developing from a simple perception of beauty to the formation of an attitude towards it and awareness of it as an object of cognition, internally enriching itself with a supra-biological level of activity, a utilitarian, fundamentally objective human activity develops. Perception, awareness and creation, which make up the analytical and cognitive activity of a person, determine the emergence of a value orientation in the consciousness of the subject, which allows to bring the subject activity into the space of aesthetic culture. For the full-fledged formation of the fashion process, there had to be a transformation from a person’s mode of action into the goal of his actions, the conditions for him were formed by the Renaissance. The final establishment of fashion as a system occurred during the development of capitalism, which brought the forms of culture in line with its worldview and forms of production. The current state of fashion is the most remote from all previous centuries, since it has revised all established aesthetic ideals, at the same time, history provides examples of renewal during periods of transition of epochs, the crisis of which contributes to a rethinking of aesthetic norms. Fashion, as a phenomenon in perpetual dynamics, which has declared novelty as its fundamental value, demonstrates great transformative potential precisely in times of crisis.

Post-war restoration of agricultural land: legal perspectives, land disputes and state support

The restoration of agricultural land is a dynamic and complex phenomenon, built on the close interaction of chemical, physical and biological processes, which are accelerated and directed with the help of purposeful organizational and legal measures. Since the land has been used as a space for military operations for almost three years now, it suffers from a number of negative factors that have a powerful synergistic effect: the soil is polluted by various substances; lands are littered with explosive objects and other war debris; the landscape changes due to the construction of fortifications, digging trenches, as a result of strikes, shelling, etc. The post-war restoration of such agricultural lands has its own significant features related to the man-made origin of the violations, the potential danger of the detected pollution and the high cost of restoration works. At the same time, the relevant restoration measures lie in the plane of not only the private interests of specific landowners and land users - they are the sphere of well-defined public interests. The legal issue of the post-war restoration of agricultural lands is considered in three interrelated aspects: 1) in the theoretical aspect - the signs of the independence of demining as a separate type of the main measures of land restoration are determined and it is proposed to reflect this feature in the legislation, in order to emphasize and strengthen the integration of land, agrarian, and environmental legislation and legislation on mine action; 2) in a practical aspect, the potential grounds for the emergence of disputes in the field of post-war land restoration are outlined and the connection between the degree of dispositiveness of the legislative provision and the probability of a compromise solution of such disputes in the mediation procedure is established; 3) in the protective aspect - modern mechanisms of state support for the restoration of lands most affected by hostilities (provision of tax benefits, subsidies, partial compensation for demining costs) were identified and characterized. It was concluded that there is a need to develop a systemic special legislative support for relations with the post-war restoration of agricultural land, taking into account the specified aspects of this multi-level problem.

Replicator dynamics generalized for evolutionary matrix games under time constraints.

One of the central results of evolutionary matrix games is that a state corresponding to an evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) is an asymptotically stable equilibrium point of the standard replicator dynamics. This relationship is crucial because it simplifies the analysis of dynamic phenomena through static inequalities. Recently, as an extension of classical evolutionary matrix games, matrix games under time constraints have been introduced (Garay et al. in J Theor Biol 415:1-12, 2017; Křivan and Cressman in J Theor Biol 416:199-207, 2017). In this model, after an interaction, players do not only receive a payoff but must also wait a certain time depending on their strategy before engaging in another interaction. This waiting period can significantly impact evolutionary outcomes. We found that while the aforementioned classical relationship holds for two-dimensional strategies in this model (Varga et al. in J Math Biol 80:743-774, 2020), it generally does not apply for three-dimensional strategies (Varga and Garay in Dyn Games Appl, 2024). To resolve this problem, we propose a generalization of the replicator dynamics that considers only individuals in active state, i.e., those not waiting, can interact and gain resources. We prove that using this generalized dynamics, the classical relationship holds true for matrix games under time constraints in any dimension: a state corresponding to an ESS is asymptotically stable. We believe this generalized replicator dynamics is more naturally aligned with the game theoretical model under time constraints than the classical form. It is important to note that this generalization reduces to the original replicator dynamics for classical matrix games.