Phenomenological Research Method Research Articles

초등 고학년 자폐성 장애 자녀의 의사소통에 관한 어머니의 경험

This study conducted a phenomenological analysis of the meaning and essence of mothers’ experiences of communication with elementary-school-aged children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to determine the significance and nature of the communication experienced by mothers of elementary-school-aged children with ASD, and to provide foundational data for practical discussions of the communication challenges the mothers of these children faced. In-depth interviews were conducted with eight mothers of elementary school children with ASD. Employing Giorgi’s phenomenological research method, data analysis identified 172 semantic units, 37 sub-components, and 11 components: the precipice of vulnerability, a coldly turned away world, communication in wonderland, an endless tunnel, the limits of encountered improvement, deficiencies in educational functioning, warmth in the cold, a mother as a great mentor, a restorative community in the family, a faint light across the dark tunnel, and a journey toward a narrow gate. These 11 components converged onto a “journey toward the sun requiring courage and adventurous spirit.” Discussion of the outcomes of this study expands the domains for providing support to communication in elementary school-aged children with ASD and their mothers, and highlights the potential for increased societal interest in this area.

비자살적 자해 청소년 자녀를 둔 어머니의 경험에 관한 현상학적 연구

The study delves into the experiences of mothers with adolescents engaging in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) behaviors. Giorgi’s phenomenological research method was applied through in-depth interviews with eight mothers. The analysis identified seven components and 20 sub-components forming an intrinsic structure, including: “Feeling crisis due to unexpected rebellious behavior of the adaptable child”, “Experiencing mental shock and confusion upon witnessing the child’s self-injury”, “Encountering frustration and despair leading to a decline in quality of life”, “Reflecting on oneself deeply because of the child”, “Discerning the child’s presence amidst pain”, “Enduring anxiety to connect emotionally with the child”, and “Reassuming the role of a supportive mother for the child’s accommodative life”, These components formed overarching themes, emphasizing the profound impact of maternal involvement on adolescents with NSSI tendencies. The study underscores the significance of understanding mothers’ experiences in addressing adolescent NSSI, offering insights into their crucial role and implications for intervention strategies.

Ghosting Phenomenon in Interpersonal Communication of Bumble Application Users

Technological developments have made it easier for humans to build interpersonal relationships, one of which is using dating apps. One phenomenon that is often found in dating apps is the ghosting phenomenon. The ghosting phenomenon is an indirect termination of relationships that can hinder communication. However, many adult couples often fail or experience a breakup when they are at the approach stage. In general, someone experiencing the end of a relationship or losing a partner can be a very traumatic and sad experience and can disrupt a person's mental health. This research aims to find out at what stage the ghosting phenomenon occurs in interpersonal communication on the dating app Bumble. This research uses a phenomenological research method with a qualitative approach, data collection techniques of in-depth interviews and observation. The theory used is the Social Penetration Theory which has four stages in a relationship, namely the orientation stage, affective exploratory exchange, affective exchange and stable exchange. The results of this research show that the ghosting phenomenon can occur at every stage of a relationship, during the introduction stage or when the relationship is already close to each other. This experience of ghosting behavior also creates communication barriers between people and leaves the victim feeling uncomfortable.

Leading tribal colleges and universities: Perspectives on the skills and experiences needed to lead indigenous higher education

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to investigate the essential experiences and skills required for successful and effective leadership at Tribal Colleges and Universities (TCUs) in the United States. Utilizing Weick's seven properties of sensemaking as a framework, this study examines how participants developed their sensemaking abilities regarding their presidencies at TCUs. To conduct this research, a phenomenological qualitative research method was utilized, analysing 11 interviews with TCU presidents. The themes identified in this study included developing a vision plan that the Tribal community supports; learning to communicate with diverse stakeholders; understanding Tribal and non‐Tribal politics for fundraising and accreditations; and eliciting mentors from Tribal leaders and other TCU presidents. These findings have vital implications for individuals interested in pursuing leadership positions at TCUs, as they highlight emic perspectives on the skills and experiences necessary for success in these roles.

청소년의 생성형 AI 이용경험에 대한 현상학적 연구

Objectives The purposes of this study were to explore the experience and recognition of adolescents using generative AI.
 Methods In-depth interview was conducted with 14 teenagers who are attending high school, located in A city B county, C city, using Colaizzi’s phenomenological research method. 14 teenagers have experience using gernative AI.
 Results The results, 3 essential themes, 6 sub-categories was found. Three essential themes were ‘imperfect learning guide’, ‘existing of utopia and dystopia’, ‘ambiguous using range of generative AI’. And six sub-categories were ‘the limitation of inorganic object’, ‘the third learning guide’, ‘change in human being life’, ‘new opportunity provision’, ‘guide absence of the ethics using’, ‘distancing of generative AI using’.
 Conclusions The discussion on AI literacy for adolescent is as follows. First, provide the education about accurate asking to generative AI. Second, provide the enthical using guide. Third, provide the education about the generative AI system machanism.

Psychosocial dimensions of being a child in women's shelters: A phenomenological study on the experiences of battered women - A case study from Türkiye's Northern Region.

Violence against women has numerous devastating effects. Exposure to violence not only impacts women but also affects their children both physically and psychosocially. The study aimed to evaluate the psychosocial problems of children living with their mothers in women's shelters from the mothers' perspective with a phenomenological approach. Utilizing the phenomenological research method, semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 14 individuals in a women's shelter in a province in northern Türkiye. The criterion sampling method, a purposive sampling technique, was employed to select participants. Interviews continued until data saturation was achieved. All interviews were audio recorded and then transcribed, and thematic analysis was applied to analyze the data. The study adhered to the COREQ checklist for reporting. The data analysis revealed four main categories (effects of violence on the mother, actions taken to protect children from violence, effects of violence and staying in a shelter on the child, and psychosocial needs for the protection of the child's mental health in the shelter) and 10 sub-themes (psychological effects, physical effects, social effects, domestic actions, organizational actions, psychological effects, physical effects, social effects, support system, and coping). The study concluded that violence significantly impacted the mental, physical, and social well-being of both women and children, posing challenges to their ability to cope with the aftermath. Women exerted considerable effort in protecting their children from violence, and they needed psychosocial support to ensure the well-being of their children's mental health during their stay in shelters.

Building Community Literacy to Increase the Use of Assets Through the Mosque Library

Literacy is a person’s ability to search for information needed to solve current life problems. By increasing public literacy, it is hoped that they will be able to manage this beautiful natural gift for broad benefits, not only for humans but also for other God’s creatures. The task of increasing literacy is not the task of just a group of people or librarians, but the task of everyone. This research only focuses on the utilization of assets in the form of buildings and land that are not utilized properly. The research method used is a qualitative phenomenological research method. This research aims to attempt to build awareness, especially among Muslims, through religious literacy in mosque libraries to increase creativity and productivity. The theory used is John Stuart Mill’s theory of utilitarianism. The results of the author’s findings include that there are still many mosques that do not have libraries, mosques have not been optimal in building community literacy, and there are still many assets, both in the form of buildings that are left without use.
 Keywords: literacy, assets, mosque library

The Role of Madrasah Principal in Addressing Bullying Issues in Madrasah

Cases of bullying can occur at all levels of education from elementary to tertiary level. Bullying can cause mental damage to a person with severe social and psychological consequences, therefore especially madrasa heads as leaders in educational institutions and teachers and school staff must pay full attention to the problem of bullying. This research aims to determine the role of the madrasa head as the leader of an educational organization in overcoming the problem of bullying in marsah. This research was conducted at Mas Al Wasliyah 22 Tembung using a qualitative phenomenological research method. There were three participants who were selected and willing to become participants in this research, namely the head of the madrasa, the deputy head of the madrasa for student affairs, and one of the Bk teachers. Data collection carried out in this research was interviews by recording audio with a cellphone, recording information provided by participants using writing tools and in the form of photo documentation during the interview. The form of bullying that occurs at Mas Al Wasliyah 22 Tembung is a form of verbal bullying, where verbal bullying is harsh or cruel words, insults or hate speech. Bullying that often occurs is between women. Overcoming the problem of bullying at Mas Al Wasliyah 22 Tembung is by bringing together the perpetrator and the victim and providing sanctions so that the bullying problem does not happen again. The role of the madrasa head in overcoming the problem of bullying at Mas Al Wasliyah 22 Tembung is providing outreach, training for teachers and staff or meetings between teachers and staff, anti-bullying policies, supervision and monitoring, responding to reports relating to student problems such as bullying, building a climate positive school, encouraging student participation, and communicating with students' parents and seeing the plans they have made and discussing, measures of effectiveness that have been implemented.

NIE 지도사의 신문활용교육 지도 경험에 대한 현상학적 연구

The purpose of this study was to comprehend the significance of newspaper utilization in education, as experienced by NIE instructors. To achieve this goal, the purpose of this study was to understand the meaning of the NIE instructors’ experience in teaching “Newspaper In Education”. To achieve this goal, the meaning of experience was derived using Colaizzi's analysis method among the phenomenological research methods for four NIE instructors who founded the Jeju NIE Society, a social education organization. As a result, it was classified into three categories, eight major topics, and 24 sub-topics, and the three categories were 'Meet NIE', 'In Conflict and Confusion', and 'Growing with NIE', respectively. The main conclusions based on these results are as follows. First, NIE helps form a life attitude to contribute to society by leading to more important recognition of community values. Second, if an NIE course is prepared for public education and applied to students, it will not only help develop core competencies in the 2022 revised curriculum, but also play a good role in solving video-oriented problems. Third, if you want to get out of the NIE recession, the first priority should be to develop the capabilities of instructors. This study is meaningful in that it grasped the nature and meaning of the NIE instructors experience based on the vivid experiences of field instructors.

청소년기 가출과정에서 겪은 성 경험에 관한 질적연구

This study is a study on the Essence of the sexual experiences experienced by female teenagers during the process of runaway in adolescence. Data collection, analysis, and writing were conducted by applying van Manen’s hermeneutic phenomenology research method, and women between the ages of 20 and 24 who could experience runaway at the age of 13 and 19 and recall their sexual experiences during the runaway process were selected as participants. The study resulted in four major subjects and 14 subtopics. The major subjects were categorized as ‘Continue to have sex that seems to have agreed, but has never agreed’, ‘To be the helpless object of sexual activity’, ‘To suffer in return for struggle for survival’, and ‘No one can believe but still looks for someone’. Female teenagers in runaway situations accepted that they agreed to sexual behavior under situational and psychological pressure while helplessly accepting the other person’s sexual behavior in a situation where they had no place to rely on. It was found that he suffered physical and psychological pain from prostitution chosen for his livelihood and repeated his attempts to establish a close relationship even though it was difficult to trust others. This study is meaningful in that it provided practical basic data for counseling intervention of adolescents who show maladjustment to sexual experience and sex education that meets the needs of adolescents by reflecting on the sexual experiences of early adult women and examining them from multiple perspectives.

비수도권 대학생들의 진로 불안 극복과 진로결정 자기효능감 형성에 관한 현상학적 연구

This research is a phenomenological study on career anxiety, coping mechanisms, and career decision-making Self-Efficacy self-efficacy among university Students in the PK Area. This study analyzed the content of the career anxiety experienced by the study participants, as well as analyzing the overcoming of it and the development of career self-efficacy. Participants consisted of 11 students attending a non-metropolitan university. Using Colaizzi’s (1978) descriptive phenomenological research methods, the researcher conducted 1:1 in-depth interviews with the participants to construct the data. Because of the data analysis, 33 sub-components were selected. The researchers presented these as 11 components. Lastly, these components were reorganized into four categories namely “successful job experience in a non-metropolitan area,” “job role modeling,” “motivation in a harsh environment,” and “physical and emotional arousal.” According to the results, the category of successful job experience, as a component of overcoming career anxiety, led to a sense of challenge and enthusiasm. In terms of job role modeling, the participants set their role models and made a continuous effort to successfully perform their roles. As for motivation, most participants relieved their anxiety on their own by actively and positively strengthening their motivation. Finally, the participants positively utilized stress through physical and emotional arousal, maintained a healthy state of body and mind, and developed a sense of career self-efficacy. Based on the research results, we discussed recalling success experiences, cultivating strength to overcome career anxiety, role modeling, motivation, and physical and emotional awakening. Based on this, suggestions were made for a program to connect with graduating seniors in college career guidance, a counseling system that can connect motivation enhancement to behavioral strategies, and an approach to maintain a state of physical calm to relieve anxiety.

Indonesian metrosexuals on Instagram: A phenomenological approach of male fashion style experiences in communicating the identity

This study analyses the self-representation of the Indonesian metrosexual community on Instagram, focusing on how they use the platform to showcase their fashion style and express their identity as consumers and members of society. Metrosexuality is a relatively new phenomenon in Indonesia, but it has quickly gained popularity, particularly among urban men. Metrosexual men are typically highly interested in fashion, beauty and maintaining a healthy lifestyle. They are also more brand-conscious than traditional consumers and are willing to invest in high-quality products. Social media has become an essential platform for the metrosexual community to express themselves and connect with others. Instagram, in particular, has become a popular platform for metrosexual men to share photos and videos of their outfits. This study examines how metrosexual consumers use Instagram to showcase their fashion style through their posts. The study employs a qualitative approach within the constructivist paradigm, using phenomenological research methods, including interviews, observations and a literature review. The informants comprised ten Indonesian male Instagram users with the highest followers and engagement. The study’s findings suggest that metrosexual consumers prioritize comfort and suitability over brand and product prestige for day-to-day activities and social media engagement. Also, the study reveals that metrosexual consumers use Instagram to express themselves and share their activities with others. Their commitment to their appearance extends beyond the online realm to offline settings. The study’s managerial implications underscore the importance of attending to male consumers for products such as clothing.

Clinical Experience of Nurses in a Consultative Hospice Palliative Care Service.

The purpose of this qualitative study was to employ Colaizzi's phenomenological research method to elucidate and understand the essence of practical experiences among consultative hospice palliative care nurses working in hospice institutions. The participants in the study were 15 consultative hospice palliative care nurses with over 1 year of work experience in institutions located in S City, I City, and K Province in South Korea. Data were collected from 23 in-depth interviews and analyzed using Colaizzi's phenomenological qualitative method. The practical experiences of consultative hospice palliative nurses were categorized into five categories, 10 theme clusters, and 25 themes. The five categories included "being aware of patients' situations at the time of transition to hospice palliative care," "empathizing with patients and their families by putting oneself in the other's shoes," "providing patient and family-centered end-of-life care," "experiencing difficulties in practical tasks," and "striving to improve hospice service quality." This study is significant in that it provides practical data for understanding the experiences of consultative hospice palliative care nurses caring for terminally ill patients. This could enhance our understanding of care solutions that effectively tackle the challenges consultative hospice palliative care nurses encounter while fulfilling their roles.

전업직장인의 상담학 학습경험에 관한 현상학적 연구

Objectives The purpose of this study is, on the one hand, to examine the experiences of individuals who are full-time employees and enrolled in the process of learning in counselor education, and on the other hand, to phenomenologically reveal the meaning behind their experiences.
 Methods Interviews were conducted on seven full-time employees who are in counseling graduate school for more than 3 semesters or within 1 year of graduation, and analyzed by Colaizzi's phenomenological research method. Participants consisted of those in their late 30s to early 50s who had more than 10 years of work experience and experienced vocational activities in different occupations from the counseling field. The data collection period was from September to December 2021, and after an in-depth interview of 90 to 120 minutes, additional interviews were conducted by phone or text message if necessary.
 Results As a result, 5 categories, 19 topic bundles, and 81 topics were derived. The five categories are as follows. ‘studying counseling to break away from current instability’, ‘making good changes during the counseling course of study’, ‘facing psychological difficulties arising from both occupation and academic affairs’, ‘maturing the mind through learning in counselor education’, and ‘running a life as an employee also doing in counseling job’. In conclusion, participants, with over 10 years of full-time work experience and a stable career will go to counseling, a new field, and the world of experience can be summarized as “growth through counseling studies upgrades professionalism in the current workplace and running a life as an employee also doing counseling job.”
 Conclusions The research results confirmed the experiences and meanings experienced in the course of learning in counselor education, and based on this, provided basic data for future related education and information provision.

골프선수들의 전지훈련 이야기

In order to conduct this research to phenomenologically analyze golf players’ thoughts on off-season training. From December 2022 to January 2023, six professional golf players participating in off-season training were selected as research participants by applying the snowball sampling method. Main data was collected through in-depth interviews. For data analysis, recorded data were transcribed and analyzed using phenomenological qualitative research methods. As a result of the analysis, the selection of off-season training and the results of off-season training. were derived. In conclusion, off-season training can be evaluated as a practice process, and the off-season training of golf players is theoretically presented. It will be most important for such off-season training to continue to be systematically and educationally operated.

Lived Experiences of Faculty with Disabilities in Higher Education: A Hermeneutic Phenomenological Method

The number of faculty members with disabilities has increased nowadays in the university because of the inclusive recruitment policy. The faculties with disabilities still struggle with the disable-unfriendly environments in universities, and they are excluded from the research fields in Nepal although there are some research done on school children with disabilities and people with disabilities in family and society. University faculty members with disabilities need to be studied in order to truly address the real-life problems. This study explores the lived experiences of faculty members with disabilities perceived at Tribhuvan University, Nepal. A hermeneutic phenomenological research method within qualitative approach was exploited. Purposive sampling technique was used to select five teachers with disabilities in the study. Disability studies theory was used as a theoretical tool. The major findings are that the disabled faculty encountered mainly infrastructure/physical structure barriers, university policy and practice barriers, the university executives’ (un)conscious/ (un)intentional ignorance and attitude barriers in the campuses. The teachers with vision impairment and motor impairment endured through difficulty of disable-unfriendly physical structures, university policy and practices. The findings mean the university environments were unfriendly, hostile and adverse to the disabled faculty. This study may motivate the executives to modify the policy, practices and attitudes to the disabled ones at the university which may impact the quality of the university.

Interpretative Flexibility of Digital Immigrant Towards Ajaib Stock Trading Application

The Digital Immigrant as users of financial technology, particularly Ajaib Stock Application represent a group that has witnessed the inception and evolution of digital technology, typically lacking proficiency in operating modern technological tools. This study aims to uncover the interpretative flexibility of Digital Immigrants in their experience of using the Ajaib application. The research is grounded in the Social Construction of Technology theory, Phenomenological theory, and Social Category theory. The paradigm of this research adopting a constructivist, the research approach using a qualitative approach, utilizing phenomenological research methods. Data collection techniques used in this study by semi-structured interviews and literature studies. The study reveals that Digital Immigrants demonstrate interpretative flexibility in navigating the Ajaib application amidst the challenges posed by the Covid-19 pandemic. The diversity of interpretative flexibility is based on the various initial motives for using the application, categorized into motives 'because of' and 'in order to'. These motives influence interpretative flexibility concerning language, usage, and structure. Additionally, the interpretative flexibility of digital immigrants is intertwined with a wider context, reflecting various challenges encountered while engaging with the Ajaib application.

특수교육지원센터에서 심리상담을 받은 학령기 특수교육대상자 어머니의 경험

The purpose of this study is to explore lived experiences of school-aged special education recipients’ mothers who received psychological counseling at a special education support center, and to reveal the essence of those experiences. For this purpose, data were collected through in-depth interviews with 8 mothers of school-aged special education recipients’ mothers who received more than 10 sessions of psychological counseling at a special education support center. And it was analyzed using the phenomenological research method of Colaizzi(1978). As a result of the study, 88 constituent meanings, 29 themes, and 9 theme groups emerged, and the essence of ‘priming water that raises inner strength for a happy life’ was derived. The results of this study provided basic data for developing a professional psychological counseling intervention plan for mothers of school-age special education recipients at a special education support center. In addition, implications for psychological counseling support and system improvement for mothers of school-age special education recipients were presented.

The perioperative experience and needs of hepatocellular carcinoma patients in interventional therapy: a phenomenological qualitative study.

This study aims to investigate the perioperative experience and needs of patients with liver cancer for interventional therapy, in order to provide the basis for further improving a patient's medical experience and satisfaction. A semi-structured in-depth interview was conducted for 16 patients with liver cancer in interventional therapy using the phenomenological research method of qualitative research. The themes were analyzed, summarized, refined and extracted using the Colaizzi analytical procedure. The study results revealed that the perioperative experience and needs of patients with liver cancer for interventional therapy could mainly be summarized into seven themes: anxiety, fear and helplessness; not understanding the specific procedures of interventional therapy; worrying that the disease would not be treated as expected; lack of understanding of perioperative adverse reactions and the inability to cope with these; concern on the financial burden of health care costs on families; concerned on the physical and mental health of the dependent; the further improvement of diagnosis and treatment procedures. Patients with liver cancer undergo a complex psychological experience during interventional therapy. In clinical practice, a patient's psychological needs and changes should be valued, in order to provide a targeted psychological intervention, health guidance and social support, thereby improving the medical experience and satisfaction of patients.

Ghosting Phenomenon in Interpersonal Communication of Bumble Application Users

Technological developments have made it easier for humans to build interpersonal relationships, one of which is using dating apps. One phenomenon that is often found in dating apps is the ghosting phenomenon. The ghosting phenomenon is an indirect termination of relationships that can hinder communication. However, many adult couples often fail or experience a breakup when they are at the approach stage. In general, someone experiencing the termination of a relationship or losing a partner can be a very traumatic and sad experience and can disrupt a person's mental health. This research aims to find out at what stage the ghosting phenomenon occurs in interpersonal communication on the dating app Bumble. This research uses a phenomenological research method with a qualitative approach, data collection techniques of in-depth interviews and observation. The theory used is the Social Penetration Theory which has four stages in a relationship, namely the orientation stage, affective exploratory exchange, affective exchange and stable exchange. The results of this research show that the ghosting phenomenon can occur at every stage of a relationship, during the introduction stage or when the relationship is already close to each other. This experience of ghosting behavior also creates communication barriers between people and leaves the victim feeling uncomfortable.