Mass Transfer Phenomena Research Articles

Experiment and simulation of the interface characteristics during the two-phase invasion between silicone oil and water

In this study, the interface characteristics during the two-phase invasion of silicon oil and water were investigated using high-precision optical experiments and molecular dynamics simulations. An experimental system composed of a CCD (charge coupled device) industrial camera and an optical microscope was designed to observe the interface state between the dispersed phase at the silicone oil-water interface. At the same time, the microscopic image and energy spectrum results of the silicone oil-water mixture were obtained using a cryo-scanning electron microscope (Cryo-SEM). The molecular dynamics method was also used to simulate the dynamic process of the mass transfer of the silicone oil-water mixture. Through experimental results and molecular dynamics simulations, the phenomenon of diffuse mass transfer during the phase invasion and the existence of silicon oil-water associations were confirmed. The results showed that the silicone oil and water molecules were associated with each other due to the hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions, but the interfacial association matter was loose and unstable. The C–H, Si–O, and H–O bonds were the main factor in the formation of the silicone oil-water dispersion association matter. The findings revealed the rationality of the dispersion associated substances at the silicon oil-water interface, and showed its microstructure characteristics. The study is expected to provide an insight for the study of silicon oil-water interface and enrich the emulsification and separation theories between silicon oil and water solutions.

Process intensification of a catalytic-wall Taylor-Couette reactor through unconventional modulation of its angular speed

This study proposes a non-conventional operation of a Taylor-Couette reactor by introducing a periodic flow perturbation as a modulated angular velocity of its inner cylinder. The applicability of this type of waveform has yet to be explored in Taylor-Couette reactors as a means to enhance mass transfer phenomena in reactive systems. A multiphysics numerical study was carried out considering a mass-transfer limited system with a catalytic reaction at the outer cylinder boundary of the reactor while applying different modulations of the inner cylinder angular speed. Results showed that a modular signal could yield conversions similar to a constant angular-speed operation. However, the use of modulating signals brings two essential benefits. First, it enhances mass transfer, which yields higher conversions by dynamically changing the flow patterns in the reactor. This improvement is demonstrated and discussed in terms of a dynamic mixing index, which accounts for the formation and abrupt disruption of Taylor vortices in the reactor. Second and more importantly, this type of operation leads to an overall reduction in the average electrical power required to drive the system (∼25 % reduction). The present study opens the possibility of using intelligent control strategies to optimize reactions and intensify conventional systems with non-conventional operation modes.

Self-supervised learning of shedding droplet dynamics during steam condensation

Knowledge of condensate shedding droplet dynamics provides important information for the characterization of two-phase heat and mass transfer phenomena. Detecting and segmenting the droplets during shedding requires considerable time and effort if performed manually. Here, we developed a self-supervised deep learning model for segmenting shedding droplets from a variety of dropwise and filmwise condensing surfaces. The model eliminates the need for image annotation by humans in the training step and, therefore, reduces labor significantly. The trained model achieved an average accuracy greater than 0.9 on a new unseen test dataset. After extracting the shedding droplet size and speed, we developed a data-driven model for shedding droplet dynamics based on condensation heat flux and surface properties such as wettability and tube diameter. Our results demonstrate that condensate droplet departure size is both heat flux and tube size dependent and follows different trends based on the condensation mode. The results of this work provide an annotation-free methodology for falling droplet segmentation as well as a statistical understanding of droplet dynamics during condensation.

Theoretical study on pressure oscillation dominant frequency of bubbles submerged jet under rolling condition

Steam direct contact condensation is a highly efficient heat and mass transfer phenomenon, usually accompanied by strong mass, momentum and energy exchanges at the water-steam interface, which can rapidly realize cooling and pressure relief, but also accompanied by pressure oscillations. When the relevant equipment is used in offshore nuclear power plants and naval non-energetic systems, the additional inertial force field caused by ocean motion may cause greater harm to the safe operation of the relevant devices. Therefore, a theoretical study is conducted to investigate the effect of rolling motion on dominant frequency of steam submerged jets pressure oscillation with low mass fluxes. Firstly, based on bubble dynamics theory, a theoretical model of bubble condensation oscillations under rolling motion with low mass flux is established. Then, the mechanism of the rolling conditions on the dominant frequency of pressure oscillation is analyzed from the aspect of theoretical derivation. Finally, on the basis of the potential flow function theory and small perturbation theory, the predicted correlation of pressure oscillation dominant frequency under the rolling motion with low mass flux is derived, and compared with the numerical simulation results, the prediction deviation is within ±10%.

Modeling of Mass Transfer and Reaction Kinetics in ZnO Nanoparticle Micro-Reactor Systems for AMX and DOX Degradation

This study aims to model the coupled phenomena of photocatalytic reaction and mass transfer in the degradation of Amoxicillin (AMX) and Doxycycline (DOX) using Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles within microreactor systems. The objective is to gain a comprehensive understanding of the dynamic interaction between the photocatalytic degradation kinetics and the mass transfer processes to optimize the conditions for efficient antibiotic removal from contaminated water. This involves characterizing the reaction kinetics via the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model, estimating the mass transfer coefficients, and analyzing the effects of axial dispersion to ensure the accurate determination of intrinsic kinetic constants and minimize mass transfer limitations. This study used a syringe pump to ensure a consistent flow of antibiotic solution into the microreactor. The results indicate that AMX reaches adsorption equilibrium more rapidly than DOX, corresponding to its faster photocatalytic degradation kinetics and higher final conversion rate (89% for AMX, 86% for DOX). The mass transfer coefficient (kd) was estimated using the Sherwood number, derived from three different models, with the constant Sherwood model best fitting the R1 microreactor data. An analysis of the Damköhler number (DaII) indicates that high flow rates minimize mass transfer limitations in the R1 microreactor, allowing the determination of near-intrinsic kinetic constants. On the contrary, at low flow rates, kinetic constants are apparent as a result of mass-transfer limitations. The study concludes that higher flow rates (≥ 10 mL/h) in the R1 microreactor are preferable to approach intrinsic kinetics and reduce mass transfer limitations during photocatalytic degradation of antibiotics. These findings underscore the potential of ZnO-based oxidation processes in treating antibiotic-contaminated water with optimized conditions, providing a pathway for efficient and sustainable wastewater treatment.

Analysis of frost layer growth behavior on cryogenic surfaces in ultralow dew point environments by experimental tests and numerical simulations

Maintaining an ultralow dew point is essential for the operation of transonic cryogenic wind tunnels, as it significantly influences aerodynamic characteristics. Even in extremely dry conditions, minute quantities of frost can form on cryogenic surfaces, which compromises data quality. Conducting experiments on frost desublimation in such ultralow dew point environments poses significant challenges due to the demanding experimental conditions. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the desublimation characteristics of cryogenic surfaces in ultralow dew point environments and to address the challenges of experimental investigations under such extreme conditions. Initially, the study experimentally investigated frost formation by assessing the impact of various factors, such as temperature and water vapor content. It was observed that the type of frost formed depended on the water vapor content, and altering the surface temperature influenced the growth region of the frost crystals. The irregular growth of the frost layer on low-temperature surfaces was evident, as temperature markedly affected both the growth rate and the diffusion direction of frost formation. Moreover, the process of trace water frost formation was simulated using a dispersive multiphase model, predicting the frost layer's thickness. The numerical results suggest that the frost layer is micrometers thick, with a minimum thickness of 20 μm. A nonlinear relationship was identified between frost growth and dew point level. This research lays the groundwork for a deeper understanding of desublimation characteristics in ultralow dew point environments and for further investigation of low-temperature heat and mass transfer phenomena.

Integrated drying model of lychee as a function of temperature and relative humidity

Drying is a universal method applied for food preservation. To date, several models have been developed to evaluate drying kinetics. In this study, lychee was dried employing a hot air dryer, and the drying kinetics was evaluated by comparing the Newtonian model, Henderson and Pabis model, Page model, and Logarithmic model. However, temperature and relative humidity, the key driving forces for drying kinetics, are not considered by these models. Thus, an integrated drying model, as a function of temperature and relative humidity, was developed to predict the hot air-drying kinetics and mass transfer phenomena of lychee followed by the calibration and validation of the model with independent experimental datasets. The model validation consisted of Nash- Sutcliffe model coefficient (E), coefficient of determination (R2) and index of agreement (d) and all of them were found close to 1 indicating perfect model fit. Besides, the developed model was applied for process optimization and scenario analysis. The drying rate constant was found as a function of temperature and relative humidity that was high at high temperature and low relative humidity. Interestingly, temperature showed a higher effect on the drying rate constant compared to relative humidity. Overall, the present study will open a new window to developing further drying model of lychee to optimize quality its quality parameters.

Direct numerical simulation of a single contaminated droplet microextraction in a yield-stress fluid

The present work investigates the extraction of solute from the contaminated micro-droplet suspended in non-Newtonain viscoplastic fluids (Herschel Bulkley). The fluid flow dynamics and interfacial mass transfer phenomena near a contaminated micro-droplet have been investigated prior to the estimation of extraction efficiency. The stagnant-cap model is employed to depict the droplet that has been contaminated. Dispersed droplet systems are commonly observed in diverse facets of our everyday encounters. These systems are found in various industries, encompassing flotation, energy storage, biofuels, printing, airlift reactors, and foam manufacture, among others. The study has focused on a linear thermodynamic equilibrium relationship that exists at the interface between two fluid phases. The momentum and species transport have been solved for a range of dimensionless parameters. These parameters include θcap, which varies between 120∘ and 150∘, the Reynolds number (1≤Re≤100), the Bingham number (0≤Bn≤5), the dispersed to continuous fluid viscosity ratio (0.5≤μratio≤4), and the shear-thinning index (0.4≤n≤1). The results have been conveyed in the form of streamlines, contours, and by delineating the regions of deformation and non-deformation. The size of the zone that undergoes yielding tends to diminish as a result of the impact of the yield stress, while the presence of inertia promotes the enlargement of the zone that remains unyielded. The extraction efficiency and Sherwood number were estimated to be a function of θcap, Bingham number, Reynolds number, and shear-thinning index.

Calculation and numerical modeling of the effect of heat and mass transfer on the properties of pile foundations in seasonally freezing soils

The phenomenon of heat and mass transfer in seasonally freezing soils has a significant impact on the condition of pile foundations. Building structures constructed in such soils experience extremely negative consequences: frost heave, vibration dynamics, moisture mass transfer and soil weakening during the thawing. Seasonally freezing soils occupy most of the territory of Kazakhstan, and in most regions the depth of soil freezing exceeds 1.5 m, there are settlements where the index reaches 1.97 m (Semiyarka, East Kazakhstan region) and in the north of the country - 2.74 m (Arshaly, Akmola region). Arrangement of foundation bases below the frost depth leads to increased construction costs, requires additional costs for thermal insulation, ventilation, other materials and structures, and, in addition, does not always lead to a full levelling of the negative impact of heat and mass transfer on the term and conditions of operation of buildings, structures, railways and roads. Therefore, the efforts of engineers and specialists in the field of thermal physics are aimed at finding effective ways to solve the problems of deformation and destruction of foundations in seasonally freezing soils. In the article an attempt is made to reveal the character of heat and mass transfer influence on pile foundations in seasonally freezing soils on the basis of a thermomechanical model.

Electromagnetic processing of molten copper alloys in the induction furnace with cold crucible

Electromagnetic processing of molten copper is provided in a special kind of electrical furnace called an induction furnace with a cold crucible (IFCC), making it possible to successfully remove impurities from the workpiece. In order to analyze the process in a sufficient way not only electromagnetic, thermal and flow but also metallurgical and mass transfer phenomena in the coupled formulation should be taken into consideration. The paper points to an analysis of the kinetic process of lead evaporation from molten copper. It was shown that mass transport in the gas phase determines the rate of the analyzed evaporation process. The possibility of removal of lead from molten copper is analyzed and described.

Mass transfer phenomena of partially miscible liquids under liquid-liquid slug flow in a circular microchannel

Microreactors have been demonstrated to become an effective tool for increasing mass and heat transfer in heterogeneous chemical processes that are unachievable in batch or continuous stirred tank reactors. The key to superior performance is the availability of a large specific surface area (A/V) in the microsystem for mass and heat transfer between phases. Among the flow patterns generated in the two-phase liquid-liquid flow, slug is an ideal flow with a high stability characteristic, regular velocity, and uniform dimension throughout a microchannel system. The flow behavior gives slugs great potential to increase mass and heat transfer between phases, so optimizing the utilization of microreactors in many chemical process applications needs an in-depth understanding of the liquid-liquid hydrodynamic. Therefore, the current work aims to determine the mass transfer coefficient under liquid-liquid slug flow and the influence of slug dimensions, channel material, volumetric flow rate, and the flow rate ratio of the organic-aqueous phase on the mass transfer coefficient. The experiments were performed in 1 mm (ID) circular PTFE and silicone tubes, with a 30–40 ml/hour flow rate, and sodium hydroxide concentrations of 0.1, 0.13, and 0.15 M were used. The results exhibit that the most prominent overall mass transfer coefficient was 0.121/s, attained at 0.15 M sodium hydroxide concentration, with 40 ml/hour total discharge within the silicone channel. Microchannels generated smaller slug sizes at a higher aqueous phase flow rate than the organic phase. The smaller size provided a large specific surface area (A/V) for enhancing the mass transfer coefficient.

Influence of reduced pressure on arc and weld pool properties in TIG welding

In this article, transient transport phenomena in the arc and weld pool for different ambient pressures during tungsten inert gas welding were reported. Arc plasma and weld pool behaviour vary with ambient pressure because of changes in arc thermophysical properties. The maximum arc temperature decreases with decreasing ambient pressure because of reduced plasma electrical conductivity. Decreased arc mass density results in a lower maximum weld pool surface temperature and a decrease in maximum metal vapour content as ambient pressure decreases. Arc pressure decreases with decrease in ambient pressure, resulting in shallower penetration. Calculated arc temperature distribution and weld cross-section are compared with experiments to validate the modeling method for simulating heat and mass transfer phenomena in low ambient pressure welding.

Investigation of Soret and Dufour Effects on Chemically Reacting Free Convective Fluid Flowing Over a Vertical Plate Along with Viscous Dissipation Using the Laplace Adomian Decomposition Method

This study comprehensively analyses heat and mass transfer phenomena in a chemically reacting free convective fluid flow along a vertically moving plate. The flow is influenced by thermo-diffusion, diffusion-thermo, and viscous dissipation effects. To simplify the analysis, scaling group analysis and appropriate similarity transformations are used to transform the governing equations into nonlinear ordinary differential equations. These equations are then solved using a combination of Laplace transform and the Adomian decomposition method. The study conducts a parametric investigation to explore the impact of various control parameters on the dimensionless velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles. The parameters considered include the Prandtl number, Schmidt number, Eckert number, chemical reaction parameter, Soret parameter, Dufour parameter, solutal Grashof number, and thermal Grashof number. These parameters are depicted graphically and analysed quantitatively. The results reveal that an increase in the Schmidt number leads to a decrease in velocity and concentration profiles while temperature varies monotonically. Elevating the Eckert number enhances velocity and temperature profiles, with a slight decrease in concentration profiles. A rise in the Prandtl number decreases the temperature profile, with minimal effects on velocity and concentration profiles. Increasing the solutal Grashof number decreases temperature and concentration profiles, whereas the thermal Grashof number is directly proportional to the velocity profile. An increase in the Dufour parameter boosts velocity and temperature profiles while reducing the concentration profile. The presence of the Soret parameter increases velocity and concentration profiles but decreases the temperature profile. This study aims to enhance comprehension of the complex interactions within flow characteristics, providing valuable insights into the fundamental mechanisms of such systems. It also highlights their potential applications in various engineering and industrial processes.

Numerical simulations for thermally developed double diffusion flow of nanoparticles due to elongated cylinder with multiple slip effects: Applications to energy storage system

Based on peak thermal performances of nanofluid, different mathematical models are developed. In current analysis, the investigation for heat and mass transfer phenomenon associated to the magnetized nanofluid is examined. The analysis for heat transfer is addressed with applications of radiative phenomenon. The multiple slip effects are entertained for governing problem. The cause of induced flow is stretched cylinder. Mathematical model is solved shooting scheme. The validation for predicted results is presented to justify the solution. The analysis is observed for specific range of parameters like 0 ≤ M ≤ 1.5 , 0 ≤ γ ≤ 0.6 , 0 ≤ S ≤ 0.3 , 0 ≤ R ≤ 0.5 , 0 ≤ Nt ≤ 0.4 , 0.5 ≤ A ≤ 2 , and 0.2 ≤ B ≤ 0.8 . The significance of thermally entertained nanofluid problem is physically inspected. It is evaluated that heat and mass transfer enhances due to curvature parameter. Low concentration field is examined for solutal stratification parameter. The obtained results present applications in enhancing thermal efficiency of solar systems, energy applications, heat transfer devices, chemical processes, cooling phenomenon, etc.

Numerical analysis of thermophoretic particle deposition in a magneto-Marangoni convective dusty tangent hyperbolic nanofluid flow – Thermal and magnetic features

Abstract In the current study, we focus on the Magneto-Marangoni convective flow of dusty tangent hyperbolic nanofluid (TiO2 – kerosene oil) over a sheet in the presence of thermophoresis particles deposition and gyrotactic microorganisms. Along with activation energy, heat source, variable viscosity, and thermal conductivity, the Dufour-Soret effects are taken into consideration. Variable surface tension gradients are used to identify Marangoni convection. Melting of drying wafers, coating flow technology, wielding, crystals, soap film stabilization, and microfluidics all depend on Marangoni driven flow. This study’s major objective is to ascertain the thermal mobility of nanoparticles in a fluid with a kerosene oil base. To improve mass transfer phenomena, we inserted microorganisms into the base fluid. By using similarity transformations, the resulting system of nonlinear partial differential equations is converted into nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Using a shooting technique based on RKF-45th order, the numerical answers are obtained. For various values of the physical parameters, the local density of motile microorganisms, Nusselt number, skin friction, and Sherwood number are calculated. The findings demonstrated that as the Marangoni convection parameter is raised, the velocity profiles of the dust and fluid phases increase, but the microorganisms, concentration, and temperature profiles degrade in both phases.

Finite element modeling in heat and mass transfer of potato slice dehydration, nonisotropic shrinkage kinetics using arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian algorithm and artificial neural network

AbstractThe present study optimized the drying temperature (50–80°C) for potato slices based on color, texture, and visual observations. At an optimized temperature (60°C), a 2D axisymmetric finite element method (FEM) was developed in COMSOL Multiphysics to predict the heat and mass transfer (HMT) in a disk‐shaped potato slice. The nonisotropic shrinkage was predicted for the potato slice by the arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian approach. The experimental dehydration results revealed that axial shrinkage (27.44%) was 2.5 times higher than radial shrinkage (67.39%). The simulated outcomes based on FEM revealed the realistic visualization of spatial heat transfer, moisture migration, and nonisotropic slice deformation. The predicted moisture content, surface temperature, and shrinkage properties were in good agreement with the experimental results. The shrinkage behavior was further validated using artificial neural network (ANN) to simulate the slice shrinkage. Results showed that both the COMSOL and ANN approaches can precisely predict the shrinkage‐dependent HMT model. The ANN model outperformed the COMSOL determined by mean absolute error, mean square error (MSE), root MSE, and Chi‐square (χ2) values. The successful application of the presented approach for determining dehydration characteristics may have potential for quality assessment and management of different fruits and vegetables.Practical applicationsThis journal article explores the practical industrial applications of combining finite element method (FEM)‐based heat and mass transfer model and artificial neural networks (ANNs) to improve the efficiency and quality of food drying processes. FEM is employed to simulate and predict the realistic visualization of heat and mass transfer phenomena along with non‐isotropic shrinkage, while ANN serves as a data‐driven modeling tool for process control and prediction. The integration of these two technologies offers significant advantages in the food industry, including quantification of precise temperature and moisture content, as well as to monitor the drying process of various food products, reduced energy consumption, and time.

Double layered combined convective heated flow of Eyring-Powell fluid across an elevated stretched cylinder using intelligent computing approach

This study investigates the possessions of a dual stratified common on the diverse convection barrier layer discharge of an Eyring-Powell fluid (CBLFEPL) induced by an prone extensive barrel. The temperature and concentration at the exterior of the barrel are assumed to be larger than the moving fluid. To solve the resulting flow equations, an brilliant numerical established aggregating solver is employed using the Levenberg-Marquardt neural network scheme (LMNNS). The governing equations of partial differential are converted into interconnected nonlinear ordinary differential equations using appropriate transformations. First, a dataset is generated for two distinct cases, one with a zero curvature parameter (plate) and the other with a non-zero curvature parameter (cylinder). The behaviors of skin-friction coefficient, Sherwood number and Nusselt number are presented over chart obtained using the BVP4C technique. Subsequently, an intelligent computing algorithm nftool, is utilized for training, validation, and testing steps to approximate solutions for various cases. The designed solver, LMNNS, is applied to solve the CBLFEPL problem through regression, mean squared error (MSE), histogram studies, and gradient analysis. The study of double-layered combined convection flow of Eyring-Powell fluid around an elevated stretched cylinder provides insights into heat and mass transfer characteristics, crucial for applications in engineering and fluid dynamics. This study aims to contribute insights that can be applied to engineering and fluid dynamics, aiding in the optimization of relevant processes and applications. The research methodology involves employing numerical technique, three-stage Lobatto IIIa formula, to solve the governing equations of the double-layered combined convection flow of Eyring-Powell fluid around an elevated stretched cylinder, while systematically varying key parameters to analyze their impact on heat and mass transfer phenomena. The speed of the fluid experiences a notable rise with higher values of curvature parameter K, fluid parameter M, mixed convection parameter λm, and the ratio of buoyancy forces N. Conversely, the velocity profile exhibits a contrasting behavior concerning the thermal stratification parameter ϵ1, solutal stratification parameter ϵ2, and an inclination angle α.

Heat and mass transfer phenomena for fractal interfacial layer model on metallic-nanomaterials nanofluids flow with chemical reaction effect

This study presents a comprehensive investigation into the intricacies of single-phase simulation concerning the behavior of fractal interfacial magnetized metallic chemical-reactive nanoparticles within fluid systems. The research focuses on unraveling the multifaceted phenomena associated with heat and mass transfer in complex nanoscale environments. To achieve this, we employ numerical techniques to address the intricate fluid flow problems that arise due to the presence of these nanoparticles. Fractal complexities are linked to critical phenomena, such as mixing and mass transport, at the turbulent/non-turbulent interface of shear layers and boundary layers. This study primarily concentrates on the phenomena of heat and mass transfer, with a focus on estimating thermal conductivity models that have significant impacts on the flow of metallic nanofluids under convective conditions. The combination of a high thermal conductivity model with a novel interfacial fractal theory reveals a substantial effect on heat and mass transfer enhancement. Furthermore, this research explores hybrid types of porous channel geometries under the combined influence of magnetohydrodynamics and chemical reaction mechanisms in the presence of metallic nanoparticles. A comprehensive numerical analysis of higher-order nonlinear differential equations is conducted, which exposes the flow field’s behavior concerning momentum, energy, and mass transfer. These insights are envisioned through single-phase simulations of nanofluids. The influence of the nanoparticles’ radius and diameter is found to play a significant role in thermal performance, with nanoparticles ranging from 1% to 8% exhibiting a notable impact on thermal conductivity. Highlights A new mathematical relation of mass, as well as heat transfer for metallic-nanomaterial being affected by thermal conductivity (T.C.), has been established. The important role of the physical number is observed under the effect of T.C. and heat and mass transfer through orthogonal porous surfaces. An injection/suction, as well as an expansion/contraction phenomenon related to the porous surface is observed.

Experimental study of interfacial mass transfer from single CO2 bubbles ascending in stagnant water

The study focuses on the interfacial mass transfer from single CO2 bubbles with initial diameter in the range of 0.7−3.0 mm in a vertical column with stagnant deionized water. The objective is to enhance the understanding of the intricate phenomena involved in interfacial mass transfer by examining the individual effects of the liquid-side mass transfer coefficient and the bubble size. The liquid-side mass transfer coefficient is found in this study to be influenced by both the initial bubble diameter and on the bubble age, i.e., the time the bubble is exposed to the liquid influences the obtained liquid-side mass transfer coefficient. Existing literature suggests that bubbles of diameter <2−3 mm behave as rigid spheres with immobile interface and reduced internal gas circulation, which negatively impact the interfacial mass transfer. The results obtained from this study show that the maximum value of the liquid-side mass transfer coefficient is obtained for bubbles of diameter 2.1−2.3 mm. For bubbles with a mean diameter ≤1.4 mm, the mean liquid-side mass transfer coefficient decreases with decreasing mean bubble diameter. A Lagrangian model description is used with various correlations for the liquid-side mass transfer coefficients to perform numerical simulations of the change in bubble volume during the bubble rise. The existing correlations for the liquid-side mass transfer coefficient give very different simulation results and fail to accurately capture the transient evolution of the bubble as it exposes to the mass transfer phenomenon and hydrostatic pressure gradient. The correlation for the liquid-side mass transfer coefficient proposed by Clift et al. (1978) is modified in this work, and the experimentally obtained data are well predicted by the new modified correlation.

Chemical process effects on sloped surface with changing mass and consistent temperature

The research extensively investigated the turbulent flow patterns surrounding an unbounded inclined plate under the conditions of uniform temperature and variable mass dispersion. Throughout this analysis, the study thoroughly considered the impact of chemical reactions within the system. Focusing on the harmonic inclination of the plate within its plane, the study employed the LT approach to accurately solve the non-dimensional governing equations. In scrutinizing various profiles, the investigation examined the impact of several crucial physical factors: chemical response variable, Schmidt number, thermal Grashof number, mass Grashof number, and duration. This study delves into the intricate influence of various factors on the complex flow dynamics surrounding inclined plates, specifically focusing on heat and mass transfer phenomena. By examining these relationships, the research provides crucial insights into improving the efficiency of thermal and mass transmission processes within systems that incorporate tilted surfaces. Moreover, this knowledge can potentially contribute to advancements in various fields, from renewable energy systems to manufacturing processes, where heat and mass transfer play pivotal roles.