Phenological Phases Of Development Research Articles

The variability of the quantitative traits of flax plants obtained by induced mutagenesis

Induced mutagenesis has proven to be a flexible method, functional and ready to use for any culture, moreover, it is a low-cost technology. With the ability to grow new mutant varieties with very high productive potential. To investigate the mutagenic effect of gamma (γ) irradiation, flax seeds of the three selected varieties (Kaufmann, Dichl 8, Belinka) were treated with four doses 400, 500, 600 and 700 Gy, using the 60Co-γ isotope as an irradiation source. Along the way, the phenological phases of development and evaluation of morphological parameters were miniaturized. From the analysis of multiple parameters, it was observed that the 400 Gy irradiation dose was the most effective and showed the widest phenotypic variability, and the 700 Gy less effective.

Medicinal plants of the Far East in the Botanical Garden of VILAR

The study of the already established introduction populations of medicinal plants in the conditions of the Botanical Garden is relevant for understanding the prospects for further work on the introduction of plants and increasing their species composition. The analysis of the success of the introduction of 75 species of 43 families of 67 genera of the Far Eastern flora was carried out. Of the species represented, 55 % (41 species) are protected at the local level and included in the regional Red Data Books of Rare and Endangered Plant Species of the Russian Far East, 15 % (11 species) are also protected at the state level and included in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation. All the types presented are medicinal and used in folk medicine; 4 are pharmacopeial. Groups of plants have been identified that, in addition to medicinal, also have food (11 species from 9 families), honey (10 species from 8 families) and decorative value (67 species from 37 families). In the conditions of the Botanical Garden, all the presented species are long-lived, according to the duration of the existence of introduced populations, they are part of the biocollection for more than 10 years; most of the species are 30-40 years old; 69 species (92 %) exhibit introduction resistance, go through all phenological phases of development, form seeds.

Peculiarities of the phenological phases of the development of pear varieties in the conditions of the steppe zone of the Southern Urals

The article presents the results of long-term studies of the peculiarities of the phenological phases of the development of promising pear varieties of domestic breeding in the conditions of the steppe zone of the Southern Urals (Orenburg region). The research was carried out in 2018-2021 at the experimental site of the 2002 laying of the Orenburg branch of the Federal Research Center of Horticulture. The objects of research were varieties of pears of domestic breeding Krasnobokaya (st), Skazochnaya, Pingvin, Permyachka, Sverdlovchanka, Isetskaya sochnaya, Lel, Chizhovskaya, Lada, Vidnaya, Povislaya (st), Gvidon, Uralochka, Samarskaya krasavitsa, Pamyat of Parshin. The calculation of phenological atypicity to identify the correspondence of the phases of development of pear varieties to the conditions of the region was carried out according to the method of Zaitsev G. N. Statistical processing of the obtained data was carried out in accordance with the methodological recommendations of Zaitsev G. N. and Dospekhov B. A. using the Microsoft Office Excel 10 analysis package. It was established that the studied varieties are characterized by a short growing season — 160-170 days; the required amount of active heat is on average 3 158.9 °C. For pear varieties, the timing of the onset of phenological phases is determined by the accumulated sum of positive temperatures: the beginning of vegetation — 200-304.7 °C; the beginning of flowering – 354-476.6 °C; removable fruit maturity — 2 504-3 603 °C; the end of leaf fall — 3 1793-666 °C. It was found that the timing of the onset of the phenological phases of the beginning of vegetation, the beginning and end of flowering, the end of shoot growth, as well as the duration of flowering periods, shoot growth and vegetation depend more on the conditions of the year than on the genotype. The removable maturity of fruits, the duration of the interphase period, the formation and growth of fruits are determined by characteristics of the variety. The assessment of phenological atypicity revealed that all the studied varieties are in the optimum for the realization of their phenological phases of development.

ОЦІНЮВАННЯ СОРТІВ ЛИМОНА (CITRUS LIMON L.) ЗА ГОСПОДАРСЬКО-БІОЛОГІЧНИМИ ОЗНАКАМИ

Evaluation of seven introduced genotypes of lemon (CITRUS LIMON L.) of domestic and foreign selection in the Central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine (Department of Horticulture of Uman NUS) was carried out on the basis of economic and biological characteristics. Their systematic origin was determined and the possibility of using introduced varieties of Citrus Limon L. in the garden and park economy of the Central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine was investigated. The possibility of using introduced representatives of Citrus Limon L is highlighted and studied. in the horticultural economy of the central forest-steppe of Ukraine. Geographical origin has been clarified. The evaluation was carried out on decorative properties and basic economic and biological characteristics. Indicators of rhizogenesis of the studied varieties are carried out and generalized. This year, studies will be conducted on the phenological phases of development, flowering and fruiting of introduced plants, both in general and on the example of individual samples. A brief economic, biological and decorative characteristic of collectible lemon varieties in the conditions of the central forest-steppe of Ukraine is given, which are included in further research on the cultivation and reproduction of promising varieties for further use in gardening. For rooting, cuttings of 10–12cm in size were taken. leaving one pair of leaves on it. Rooting of Lemons was carried out on April 20–25, 2020 at an average daily temperature of 18°C. The soil mixture for rooting consisted of leaf humus, turf soil and sand in a ratio of 2: 1: 1. During rooting in the room where the experiment was conducted, optimal conditions for cuttings were provided, namely: maintaining the air temperature not lower than 25°C and humidity 80–85 %. Digging of rooted cuttings was carried out on September 24-45, 2020. After digging, an analysis of lemon rooting was performed. As a result of the conducted researches the received varietal samples had good development of root system and growth of shoots. During rooting, the cuttings were treated with a gel root-forming agent "Clonex". Plants of the selected varieties will be planted in mid-April, when the average daily air temperature will be 10–12°C so that the plants take root and do not die. In summer, it is planned to monitor the timing and frequency of flowering, the intensity of growth of young shoots, and crown formation.

Morphobiochemical features of plant adaptation in the Northern forest-steppe of Western Siberia

The article presents the results of long-term research on the adaptive potential of plants of the genus Iris of the family Iridaceae in the Northern forest-steppe of Western Siberia. An assessment of the morphobiological features of irises was carried out, the timing of flowering and the amount of positive temperatures necessary for the onset of such phenological phases of development as regrowth, budding, flowering and fruiting were determined. The indicator role of phenolic compounds and peroxidase in iris leaves during seasonal development was revealed. The studied indicators can be used as an informative parameter for evaluating the state of plants for phyto-indication and introduction.

Effect of green manuring on the phytosanitary condition of agrocenosis and the yield of winter rye during the development of fallow land

Land resources were and continue to be one of the main natural resources of any state, the rational use of which depends on its food security, political stability and economic independence. The reformation of the Russian agroindustrial complex in the 90-ies of XX century, due to the transition to market relations, led to the fact that significant areas of arable land have been transferred to the country’s deposits. However, now to eliminate the negative phenomena that have arisen in agriculture, it is necessary to involve previously abandoned lands in the circulation, which are often in poor phytosanitary and cultural-technical condition. Researches on studying of influence of a sideration on optimization of a phytosanitary condition of agrocnosis and the yield of winter rye on sod-podzolic soil of the Eastern part of the Volga-Vyatka zone in the development of fallow lands are conducted. The effectiveness of the use of sideration is revealed. By cultivating of a winter rye on a green manure fallow the phytosanitary condition of crops improves and grain yield significantly increases. Accounting of a contamination of winter rye crops showed that the use of sideration promotes weed control. Preliminary sideration of a fallow land and the subsequent cultivation of winter rye on a green manure fallow reduced contamination of a culture agrocnosis at 18.0-20.0% in comparison with the cultivation on occupy fallow and 11.2-12.2 % – on a fallow land. Winter rye cultivated on a green manure fallow, in comparison with the cultivation on occupy fallow, was exposed less to diseases. The development and distribution of snow mold was lower on 20.0% and 6.1%, root rot – 16.7-17.8 and 13.7 to 15.3% respectively, and the development of Helminthosporium and Septoria blotch – 3.5-11.2 and the 38.4-46.2 % and the spread, respectively, 10.8-13.7 and 24.3-30.8 %, depending on the phenological phases of development and growth of winter rye. The grain yield of winter rye in the cultivation on a green manure fallow was 2.72 t/ha, which 830 kg/ha are more than control variant and on 730 kg/ha in comparison with the placement of a fallow land.

The influence of seed rate on the growth and development of early maturysorg cereal hybrids

The results of four-year research on the influence of seeding rates on the dynamics of biometric indicators, the duration of phenological phases of development and plant safety of modern early-ripening hybrids of grain sorghum are given. It is established that the seeding rates of 120 and 160 thousand pieces/ha cause lengthening of the tillering period and the interphase formation period – grain ripening. Increasing the seeding rate to 240 thousand pieces /ha led to a decrease in the field germination rates of seeds and plant safety in all studying hybrids. The discrepancy between the height of plants by the seeding rates of 120 and 160 thousand pieces/ha was minimal and increased at high seeding rates of 200 and 240 thousand pieces / ha. For all the studying seeding rates, the maximum air-dry mass of plants was formed by the hybrid sorghum Yutami in all years of research. Keywords: sorghum, seeding rate, phenological phases, field germination, plant safety, height, air-dry mass.

Морфобиологический анализ представителей рода Lilium (Liliaceae) в северной лесостепи Западной Сибири

Due to anthropogenic load there is a risk of area reduction of Siberian and Far Eastern species of lilies. One of the methods for preserving the native natural gene pool of Lilium is their cultivation ex situ. The research purpose involved analysis of the biomorphological features of the representatives of the genus Lilium L. in the conditions of the northern forest steppe of Western Siberia. The results of morphobiological features evaluation wereobtained for the following species: L. pilosiusculum, L. regale, L. pumilum, L. pensylvanicum, L. callosum. Time of flowering and sum of positive temperatures (above 0 °C), effective temperatures (above +5 °C) and active temperatures (above +10 °C) were determined. They are necessary for the onset of developmental phenophases such as regrowth, budding, flowering and fruiting. The beginning of regrowth of L. pilosiusculum, L. regale, L. pumilum, L. pensylvanicum and L. callosum occurred in the first or second decades of May. Flowering started at different times: from the third decade of June to the third decade of July – L. pumilum; in June – L. pensylvanicum; from the second decade of July to the second decade of August – L. callosum; from the third decade of July to the first decade of August – L. pilosiusculum; from the third decade of July to the second decade of August – L. regale.The criterion for the onset of species flowering is the sum of active temperatures typical for the region. There is a different ability of the species to fruiting, depending on hydrothermal conditions of the vegetation period. The results showed that the local flora species L. pilosiusculum had the maximum height of shoot reached more than 100 cm; while L. callosum, L. рumilum, L. pensylvanicum and L. regale had stunted shoots (less than 60 cm). L. pilosiusculum and L. regale had the maximum number of flowers in inflorescence and indicators of flower productivity. The indicator role of the main pigments of the photosynthetic apparatus (chlorophylls a and b, carotenoids) in the leaves during seasonal development was established for the first time. It was found that the most significant indicators of the physiological state of plants were the content of chlorophyll a and b, and carotenoids in the leaves. Their amount depended on the phenological phases of development. During budding, the carotenoid content increased, the concentration of chlorophyll a was greater than the concentration of chlorophyll b at all vegetation phases, the ratio between chlorophyll a and b was within the normal limits and ranged from 2.189 to 3.225 mg/g of raw weight, the value of a+b/carotenoids in species decreased by the time of fruiting. The determined changes in the pigment complex composition can be considered as indicators of the adaptation mechanism of species to environmental conditions. The obtained results are necessary for the rational use of lilies in the reintroduction work, the development of which is especially important in Siberia.For citation: Vronskaya O.O., Sedelnikova L.L. Morphological Analysis of the Genus Lilium (Liliaceae) in the Northern Forest Steppe of Western Siberia. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Forestry Journal], 2019, no. 4, pp. 74–83. DOI: 10.17238/issn0536-1036.2019.4.74 Funding: The research was carried out within the framework of the state assignments of: 1. The Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry, SB RAS, АААА-А17-117041410053-1 (project no. 0352-2016-0002) “Status Assessment and Protection of Floristic Diversity under the Influence of Anthropogenic and Technogenic Factors in situ and ex situ” based on the Unique Scientific System “Introduction Fund of KuzBS” USU 508670.2. The Central Siberian Botanical garden, SB RAS, project no. АААА-А17-1170126100053-9 “Revealing the Ways of Plants’ Adaptation to Contrastive Habitat Conditions at the Population and Organismic Levels”.

Особливості акумуляції та розподілу індоліл-3-оцтової та абсцизової кислот в органах спорофіта дикорослої папороті України Polystichum aculeatum (L.) Roth на різних фенологічних фозах розвитку

Особливості акумуляції та розподілу індоліл-3-оцтової та абсцизової кислот в органах спорофіта дикорослої папороті України <i>Polystichum aculeatum</i> (L.) Roth на різних фенологічних фозах розвитку

Effects of drip irrigation systems on saving irrigated water and yield capacity of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) in the conditions of south-east Kazakhstan

Cultivating vegetable crops is convenient in Kazakhstan regarding to suitable temperature conditions during the growing season. Therefore, utilizing effectively technology and equipment during the crop production might improve the efficiency of vegetable industry. However, lack of irrigated water becomes the main factor of delaying development of vegetable producing industry. Thus, an experiment was done on assessing effects of drip irrigated system on economical and yield capacity of tomato during the season 2012-2013. The purpose of the work was to study effects of drip irrigation systems on saving irrigated water and yield capacity of tomato in the growing season in the conditions of south-east Kazakhstan. In the field experiments and laboratory researches following methods are used: technique of agrochemical researches; early phenological phases of development of vegetable technique of a field experiment; technique of skilled business in vegetable growing and melon growing. Tomato cultivars were planted under the scheme of 70×30 cm. Fertilizing rates were estimated by N90P120K90. It was found that drip irrigation technology could provide a relatively furrow irrigation where irrigated water savings were 1649 m3 ha-1. Also the method helped to increase yield for 14.7 t ha-1 by reaching to the level of 51.9 t ha-1. Consequently, utilizing of drip irrigation system for growing tomato cultivars in the conditions of the south east of Kazakhstan can assure irrigated water savings by 40.96% and increase yield of cultivars 39.52%, which increases the competitiveness of the horticulture industry in the country.

Changes in major bioactive compounds with antioxidant activity of Agastache foeniculum, Lavandula angustifolia, Melissa officinalis and Nepeta cataria: Effect of harvest time and plant species

The continuous interest in medicinal plants has brought about todays modern processing and usage of different plants. Extracts obtained from the aerial parts of Agastache foeniculum, Lavandula angustifolia, Melissa officinalis and Nepeta cataria were investigated for their antioxidant activity and polyphenolic content. The extracts were prepared from plants harvested in two phenological phases of development (beginning of blooming and full bloom) and in two distinctive time points (11a.m. and 4p.m.). Different amounts of total phenolic content were measured (12.44–76.43mgGAE/g dry plant) and correlated with botanical origin, phenophase and harvesting hour. Flavone/flavonol content presented higher amounts than total polyphenol content in A. foeniculum extracts (36.87mgQE/g compared to 27.19mgGAE/g). All plants exhibit high antioxidant activity (73.14–81.74% inhibition and 0.265–0.554mM Trolox equivalents), measured with DPPH and FRAP method. Fingerprint of biologically active compounds highlights the potential of using these plants as value-added products, because of their content in phenolic acids and flavonoids with antioxidant activity. The quantity and profile of polyphenols was influenced by harvesting period and hour. The best moment for harvesting these plants in order to have maximum amount of bioactive compounds, was established to be in the first decade of June (beginning of blooming) and in the afternoon.

The role of the transport system in the control of the source-sink relations in Pinus sylvestris

Morphophysiological correlations were studied in medium-aged (20- to 60-year-old) Scots pine trees under the northern taiga conditions. Under various ecological conditions, pine trees developed a well-balanced structure, with close linear relationships between needle and root weight and their cross-section areas in all components of the continuous transport network (the coefficient of determination was between 0.88 and 0.999). When the annual cycle of soluble and insoluble carbohydrate contents was followed in various pine tissues, the total concentrations of soluble and insoluble carbohydrates were maintained at constant and tissue-specific levels, except in the growth period. The maximum level of carbohydrates was observed in all tissues at the beginning of rapid growth, and the minimum, at growth cessation. The qualitative composition and amount of carbohydrates matched the phenological phases of development and were not affected by the ecological growth conditions pertinent to the particular environment. The authors conclude that assimilate synthesis and partitioning are related to structural development, and the state of sink centers determines the attracting capacity, whereas the transport network, from roots to needles, and its conducting capacity are essential for the realization of systemic relationships and the control over growth and development in Pinus sylvestris L.