Recovery Of Phenolic Compounds Research Articles

Use of ultrafiltration ceramic membranes as a first step treatment for olive oil washing wastewater

Olive oil is a food product in great demand throughout the world, its production generating large volumes of wastewater with a high organic load, where phenolic compounds are present. These compounds have outstanding antioxidant characteristics, so their recovery is of great interest. In this way, the treatment of these wastewaters should be based on reusing water and, at the same time, on recovering valuable compounds. Ultrafiltration with ceramic membranes (5, 15 and 50 kDa) is proposed as a first treatment step for olive oil washing wastewater (OOWW) from the continuous two-phase centrifugation process. The effect of cross flow velocity and transmembrane pressure was evaluated against permeate flux values and the removal of turbidity, colour, chemical oxygen demand (COD), sugars and the phenolic compounds recovery. The CFV had a great influence on the removal of colour and turbidity. COD rejection increased with increasing TMP, being the highest rejection obtained under the most extreme conditions. The rejection of phenolic compounds and sugars did not show great variation between conditions. The 50 kDa membrane was the one that presented the largest permeate flux decline and the lowest permeability recovery after the cleaning, confirming the great fouling that this membrane suffered. The 15 kDa membrane at the operating conditions of 3 m.s-1 and 3 bar was observed as a good option to eliminate much of the colour (72%) and turbidity (99%) and to reduce considerably the organic load (54%) without greatly affecting the concentration of phenolic compounds (rejection of 21%) for future recovery.

Valorization of Spent Sugarcane Fermentation Broth as a Source of Phenolic Compounds

A methodology based on a solid phase extraction (SPE) was optimized for the recovery of phenolic compounds from the spent fermentation broth generated from Biofene® (trans-β-farnesene) production. For this purpose, two resins (XAD-2 and HP-20) and three desorption solutions (water, 50/50 ethanol/water, and ethanol) were tested. The most efficient resin revealed to be the HP-20, using ethanol as desorption solution, reaching an overall total phenolic compound recovery of ca. 80% when 6 BV (bed volume) of both feed and ethanol were applied. The optimization of the resin’s process cycle pointed to 15 BV feed to be treated per cycle and using the same volume of ethanol in the desorption step, with no need for an extra resin regeneration step, stably yielding 48% total phenolic compound recovery from the spent broth for at least 4 cycles, translating into 60 BV of feed being treated per BV of resin, and with the resin being still perfectly active. The extract was characterized using LC−ESI−UHR−QqTOF−MS, and a total of 82 and 15 compounds were identified, in negative and positive ionization modes, respectively. Organic acids were the main class of compounds identified in the phenolic-rich extract, followed by phenolic compounds, saccharides, peptides or amino acids and vitamins. Additionally, the extract revealed a significant antioxidant capacity (914.1 ± 51.6 and 2764.5 ± 142.8 µmol Trolox equivalents/g-dw, respectively, with ABTS and ORAC methodologies), which might be interesting for a wide variety of applications.

Recovery of phenolic compounds from olive oil washing wastewater by adsorption/desorption process

Agroindustry wastewater represents an opportunity to recover high added value antioxidants such as phenolic compounds. An adsorption/desorption process was investigated to recuperate these compounds using Purolite non-ionic resins (MN200, MN202, PAD900 and PAD950). The study was conducted with a model solution containing 1.1 g∙L-1 of tyrosol and 0.2 g∙L-1 of catechin, which are two of the main phenolic compounds found in olive mill wastewaters, and with a real olive mill wastewater. The main objective was to determine the optimal concentration of resin and the best desorption solvent for the maximum recovery of phenolic compounds. For it, the process kinetics were determined, and the adsorption mechanisms were characterized by means of isotherm models. Results showed that the pseudo-second order kinetic model fitted to the experimental data, while the Langmuir isotherm correctly modelled the adsorption process for the MN resins, whereas the Freundlich isotherm was the model that best described the adsorption process with PAD resins. A resin concentration of 40 g·L-1 and a 50% v/v ethanol–water solution were selected as the best options for recovering the phenolic compounds. The tests with olive oil washing wastewater showed that, for some of the resins, other compounds present, such as sugars, interfered with the adsorption of phenolic compounds, reducing the effectiveness of their recovery. Finally, the MN200 resin was selected as the best adsorbent. It achieved a recovery of 91% of the phenolic compounds present in the initial wastewater, finding only 5% of the sugars measured in the initial OOWW sample, in the final stream.

Evaluation of the Effect of Different Co-Solvent Mixtures on the Supercritical CO2 Extraction of the Phenolic Compounds Present in Moringa oleifera Lam. Leaves

Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), using CO2, is a novel, sustainable and very efficient technique for the recovery of highly apolar compounds. However, the recovery of phenolic compounds requires the use of different co-solvent combinations such as water and ethanol to enhance the recovery of these compounds through the optimization of a number of variables. In this sense, the effect of pressure (100, 150 and 200 bar), temperature (50, 65 and 80 °C), extraction time (30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 min) and the effect of the different percentages of ethanol and water as co-solvents on the composition and phenolic content of moringa leaf extracts were evaluated. Six major flavonoids were identified by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometer (UHPLC-Q-ToF-MS). Pressure and temperature had a significant effect on the phenolic composition of the extracts, as well as on their concentrations. The highest concentration of total flavonoids compounds (TFCs) was obtained by using a mixture of CO2 and water of 50:50 (v/v) at 100 bar, at 65 °C after a 120 min extraction time that produced a concentration of 11.66 mg ± 0.02 mg TFC g−1 sample, which corresponds to 89.0% of the total flavonoids of the sample, obtained by exhaustive extraction.

Fouling control investigation by pH optimization during olive mill wastewater ultrafiltration

In recent years, the study of membrane processes for recovery of valuable phenolic compounds from olive mill wastewater (OMW) has been intensified. The selected OMW pH for ultrafiltration is one of the variables affecting membrane productivity, selectivity and fouling. An in-depth characterization of fouling was performed for the 150 kDa ceramic tubular membrane selected. At the three tested pH (2, 6 and 9), a high retention of suspended matter of 98% was associated to a low retention of phenolic compounds (1%). At pH 2, a volume reduction of only 15% was reached with a low permeate flux of 15 L.h-1.m-2. Adsorption phenomena due to the formation of a compact gel layer of pectin highly mineralized have caused severe membrane fouling. The productivity at pH 6 and 9 were quite similar with initial permeate flux of 160 L.h-1.m-2 and a final reached volume reduction of 80%. As a fractionation of around 25% of carbohydrate content was measured at pH 6, this specific pH seems to be more relevant than pH 9 where only 7% were retained. Furthermore ultrafiltration of OMW at pH 6 was associated with a removable fouling mainly caused by a gel of pectin and suspended matter agglomerates.

Maximization of the recovery of phenolic compounds from sugar maple leaves

Maximization of the recovery of phenolic compounds from sugar maple leaves

A Comparative Study of the Influence of Various Fungal-Based Pretreatments of Grape Pomace on Phenolic Compounds Recovery.

Wineries produce considerable amounts of grape pomace, which is a readily available natural source of bioactive phenolic compounds. In this study, grape pomace was used as a substrate for the cultivation of eleven filamentous fungi (Trametes versicolor TV6, Trametes versicolor TV8, Trametes versicolor AG613, Trametes gibbosa, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Ceriporiopsis subvermispora, Pleurotus eryngii, Ganoderma lucidum, Ganoderma resinaceum, Humicola grisea, and Rhizopus oryzae) under solid-state conditions (SSF) for 15 days with the aim of improving the recovery of the individual phenolic compounds. Twenty-one phenolic compounds were quantified and the recovery of seventeen of them (gallic acid, ellagic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, syringic acid, vanillic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, ferulic acid, o-coumaric acid, p-coumaric acid, epicatechin gallate, galocatechin gallate, quercetin, kaempferol, procyanidin B1, procyanidin B2, resveratrol, and ε-viniferin) were positively affected by SSF. Ellagic acid is the most recovered compound, whose content increased 8.8-fold after 15 days of biological treatment with Ceriporiopsis subvermispora compared to the untreated initial sample. Among the microorganisms tested, the fungi Pleurotus eryngii and Rhizopus oryzae proved to be the most effective in increasing the recovery of most phenolic compounds (1.1–4.5-fold). In addition, the nutrient composition (proteins, ash, fats) of grape pomace was positively affected by the biological treatments.

Recovery of Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidants from Coffee Pulp (Coffea canephora) Waste Using Ultrasound and Microwave-Assisted Extraction

Coffee pulp is a by-product generated from coffee bean production. This waste is a potential source of bioactive compounds, which can be recovered for use as an ingredient for many products. However, this by-product is typically dumped in landfills or made into compost. Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) were employed to recover bioactive compounds from coffee pulp waste. Results showed that time and instrument power significantly affected the recovery yield in both UAE and MAE. The temperature was also a significant factor in UAE. The optimal MAE conditions were a radiation time of 70 min, a power of 700 W, and a 50% (v/v) ethanol solvent to sample ratio of 100:5 (mL/g), approximately 47 mg of phenolic compounds, 36 mg of flavonoid, 8 mg of chlorogenic acid, and 6 mg of caffeine could be recovered from 1 g of the material. The optimal UAE condition were an ultrasonic time of 35 min, a temperature of 60 °C, and a power of 250 W; however, bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity constituted around one half of MAE. Therefore, MAE is recommended as the extraction technique for the bioactive compound and antioxidant recovery from the coffee pulp.

Optimizing the Extraction Conditions of Hydroxytyrosol from Olive Leaves Using a Modified Spherical Activated Carbon: A New Experimental Design

The purification of hydroxytyrosol from olive leaves extract by modified activated carbon was studied experimentally in a batch system and a column by adsorption and desorption processes. The extraction yield reached 90% of hydroxytyrosol, which is the major compound found in the extract. Despite the abundance of research on extracts of hydroxytyrosol from olive leaves, it seems that the applied methods can be further improved. In this study, several approaches were applied to optimize the extraction conditions of this molecule. Hence, the response surface method and the Box-Behnken design (BBD) were used to evaluate the effect of the temperature, time, and adsorbent dose on the hydroxytyrosol recovery. Moreover, adsorption isotherm, kinetics, and thermodynamic studies were also performed to clarify the nature of the process. The main finding was the obtainment of a maximum adsorption yield of 97.5% at an adsorbent/adsorbate ratio of 1 : 20, after a 6 h cycle and at a temperature of 30°C. Furthermore, adsorption process seemed to fit best with Freundlich model. In addition, the thermodynamic study describes a spontaneous and endothermic process. Desorption assay using ethanol helped to recover 73% of hydroxytyrosol. Furthermore, the HPLC analysis of fractions after column adsorption showed a simple peak of hydroxytyrosol with purity higher than 97% and a flavonoids-rich fraction. These findings would indicate that this separation method for the recovery of phenolic compounds with high antioxidant activity can be a very promising one.

Application and Perspectives of Supercritical Fluid Technology in the Nutraceutical Industry

AbstractSupercritical fluid extraction (SFE) is an eco‐friendly technology that has attracted a great amount of attention in the food and nutraceutical industries due to its considerable benefits over conventional techniques. It has high selectivity and can be employed to extract heat sensitive, easily oxidized compounds with high efficiency. Less organic solvent is used during extraction, leaving no toxic residues in the product. With these advantages, SFE has been widely applied in bioactive compound extraction from natural plant materials or by‐products. This review summarizes the recent application of SFE in nutraceutical industries including recovery of carotenoids, phenolic compounds, lipids, flavor and fragrance, and decaffeination of tea and coffee. The key parameters affecting SFE are also discussed with focuses on pretreatment, temperature and pressure, flow rate, extraction time, and cosolvent/modifier. Overall, this review builds a comprehensive picture of SFE application in the nutraceutical industry. It is anticipated that this article can provide useful information for researchers to pursue more applications of this technology in the food and nutraceutical industries.

Green and highly extraction of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity from kinkeliba (Combretum micranthum G. Don) by natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) using maceration, ultrasound-assisted extraction and homogenate-assisted extraction

Kinkeliba (C. micranthum) is a tropical plant widely used for its tremendous phytochemicals and biological activities. In the present study, three green carboxylic acid-based natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) were used to assess the extraction of phenolic compounds in terms of total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), individual phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity (DPPH and FRAP assays) from dried C. micranthum leaves. For the synthesis of NADESs choline chloride was used as hydrogen bond acceptors (HBA) in combination with lactic acid (ChLa), acetic acid (ChAa) and tartaric acid (ChTa) as hydrogen bond donors (HBDs). The conventional solvents including distilled water, pure methanol and pure ethanol were used for comparison. Three extraction methods including maceration extraction (ME), homogenate-assisted extraction (HAE) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) were tested to determine the best extraction conditions. The solvents combined with the extraction methods were successfully applied for the recovery of phenolic compounds from C. micranthum leaves. ChLa exhibited the highest performance giving the TPC (21.12 ± 0.13–23.62 ± 0.58 mg GAE/g, followed by ChAc (15.49 ± 0.13–18.85 ± 0.39 mg GAE/g), water (17.08 ± 0.32–18.13 ± 0.13 mg GAE/g), ChTa (14.49 ± 0.26–17.44 ± 0.19 mg GAE/g), methanol (7.46 ± 0.45–11.64 ± 0.32 mg GAE/g) and ethanol (2.88 ± 0.39–4.60 ± 0.39 mg GAE/g), respectively. For TFC, ChLa (4.38 ± 0.09–5.01 ± 0.09 mg ECE/g) was the most prominent solvent, followed by ChAc (2.84 ± 0.04–5.01 ± 0.36 mg ECE/g), methanol (1.93 ± 053–4.85 ± 0.04 mg ECE/g), ethanol (1.49 ± 0.36–4.16 ± 0.04 mg ECE/g), ChTa (1.09 ± 0.04–3.22 ± 0.13 mg ECE/g) and water (1.15 ± 0.04–1.37 ± 0.44 mg ECE/g), respectively. The acidic NADESs especially ChLa and ChAa exhibited the best efficiencies compared to the conventional solvents. Furthermore, UAE and HAE provided good extraction efficiency in a short extraction time (30 min) in terms of the TPC, TFC, individual phenolic compounds and the antioxidant capacity compared to ME which gave a similar yield with 12 h of extraction time. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that C. micranthum extracts could clearly be discriminated in terms of phytochemical compounds and antioxidant capacity and UAE, HAE or ME combined with ChLa ChAc or ChTa were the best choices to higher extraction efficiency.

Optimization of Phenolic Compound Recovery and Antioxidant Activity of Bay Leaves using Sequential and Response Surface Methodologies

Background:The laurel is a shrub native to the Mediterranean basin. It is too often wrongly relegated to the kitchen as a simple condiment while it possesses many therapeutic properties and virtues. The valorization of this plant in terms of bioactive compounds seems to be important.Objective:The aim of the present study is to optimize total phenolic content (TPC) extraction and antioxidant activity from dried bay leaves using conventional process and response surface methodology (RSM).Method:The study of optimization firstly tested three extraction methods (maceration, ultrasonicassisted extraction (UAE), and Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE)) then the best one was considered for RSM.Results :The results for the sequential procedure indicated that MAE was the best method for TPC extraction and antioxidant activity of Laurus nobilis leaves. The mathematical modeling of MEA using response surface methodology showed that optimal conditions for phenolic compounds extraction were 57% methanol with microwaves power of 602W during 3.48 minutes. These conditions allowed TPC extraction of 83.53 mg/g and manifested an antioxidant activity of 32.51 mg EAG/g.Conclusion:The validation of models indicated that experimental values were in accordance with predicted ones, demonstrating the suitability of developed models and the success of RSM in the optimization of antioxidants extraction from Laurus nobilis leaves. Therefore, the bay leaves could be considered as an interesting source of phenolic antioxidants.

A green approach to phenolic compounds recovery from olive mill and winery wastes

The aim of this study was to evaluate the recovery of phenolic compounds from olive mill and winery wastes by conventional solid-liquid extraction (SLE) using water as the extraction solvent. The studied variables were extraction time (5–15 min), temperature (25–90 °C), solid-to-liquid ratio (1:10–1:100 (kg/L)), pH (3−10) and application of multiple extractions (1–3). The extraction efficiency was evaluated in terms of total phenolic content (TPC), determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-UV), but also from the recovery of some representative phenolic compounds. The optimized conditions were one extraction step, 10 min, 25 °C, 1:30 (kg/L), pH 5 for olive pomace, and one extraction step, 10 min, 70 °C, 1:100 (kg/L), pH 5 for winery residues. The extraction method is simple and suitable for scaling-up in industry, and the aqueous extracts are fully compatible with further purification schemes based on the use of membranes or resins. The optimized technique was applied to a set of different representative residues from olive mill and winery industries, to assess their suitability as sources for phenolic compounds recovery. The phenolic content in the extracts was evaluated by chromatographic analysis and by the Folin–Ciocalteu assay (FC). Furthermore, the antioxidant capacity was determined by 2,2-azinobis-3-etilbenzotiazolina-6-sulfonat (ABTS), 2,-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Because of their high contents in phenolic compounds and great antioxidant capacity, olive pomace and lees filters were identified as especially suited sources for phenolic compounds recovery.

Phenolic Compounds Recovery from Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) By-Products of Pressurized Liquid Extraction.

This study aimed to valorize pomegranate by-products (peel and carpelar membranes—PPCM) through their high biological potential for phenolic compounds recovery. The influence of lower temperatures (40 and 60 °C) and pressures (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 bar) than those generally used in pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) was evaluated through global extraction yield (X0), and qualitative and quantitative composition of the phenolic compounds. Chromatographic techniques were used to analyze the two treatments with the highest X0. Temperature, pressure, and their interaction had a significant influence on X0. The best phenolic compounds extraction conditions were using pressurized ethanol at 60 °C and 40 bar (extract 1—E1, 37% on d.b.) and 60 °C and 80 bar (extract 2—E2, 45% on d.b.). Nevertheless, E1 presented a significantly higher content of α, β punicalagin, and ellagic acid (48 ± 2, 146 ± 11, and 25.6 ± 0.3 mg/100 g, respectively) than E2 (40 ± 2, 126 ± 4, and 22.7 ± 0.3 mg/100 g). Therefore, this study could validate the use of low pressures and temperatures in PLE to recover phenolic compounds from pomegranate residues, making this process more competitive and sustainable for the pomegranate industry.

Olive oil by-product’s contribution to the recovery of phenolic compounds from microalgal biomass: biochemical characterization, anti-melanogenesis potential, and neuroprotective effect

Olive oil by-product’s contribution to the recovery of phenolic compounds from microalgal biomass: biochemical characterization, anti-melanogenesis potential, and neuroprotective effect

Effect of solvent, method, time and temperature of extraction on the recovery of phenolic compounds and antioxidants from spent coffee grounds

Abstract The spent coffee grounds (SCG) are one of the byproducts generated in large volume by the coffee industry. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate solvents and methods of extraction of bioactive compounds from SCG and optimize the process. The solvent and the extraction method had a significant effect on the extraction yield of the bioactive compounds. Through the extraction kinetics, it was verified that 90 min was a sufficient time for the recovery of phenolic compounds. In general, the pure solvents had a lower extraction yield than the ethanol/water mixture and the rise in temperature, along with an ethanol/water mixture, proved to be favorable to the extraction process. Under optimized conditions it was possible to obtain 9.15 (mg GAE/g SCGd.b), 0.58 (mg QE/g SCGd.b), 255.55 (g SCGd.b/g DPPH) and 0.042 (mM Fe(II)/g SCGd.b) for TPC, flavonoids, antioxidant capacity (DPPH) and antioxidant capacity (FRAP), respectively.

Carboxylic acid-based deep eutectic solvents combined with innovative extraction techniques for greener extraction of phenolic compounds from sumac (Rhus coriaria L.)

Sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) is a traditional spice worldwide prized for its taste, odor, color, and promising bioactive compounds. The acidic natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) constituted of choline chloride with lactic acid (CHLA), acetic acid (CHAC), and tartaric acid (CHTA), and an addition of 20% water in the NADESs were tested for their efficiencies in extraction phenolic antioxidants from sumac. Distilled water, methanol, and ethanol were used as conventional solvents for comparison. The solvents combined with homogenate (HAE) or ultrasound (UAE) assisted extractions were first successfully applied to phenolic compounds recovery from sumac. TPC was found in the ranges of 44.52 ± 3.81–124.96 ± 3.43 mg GAE/g and 36.34 ± 0.89–114.53 ± 0.38 mg GAE/g for UAE and HAE, respectively. TFC was ranged from 4.95 ± 0.88–13.90 ± 0.35 mg ECE/g for UAE and from 4.08 ± 0.88–17.57 ± 0.09 mg ECE/g for HAE. The acidic NADESs generally exhibited the best recovery efficiency compared to the conventional solvents. CHAC and CHLA showed the best extraction efficiency in terms of the total phenolic content, flavonoid content, anthocyanin content, and antioxidant activity of the extracts obtained by HAE and UAE, respectively. No significant difference was found between HAE and UAE, proving that they are suitable extraction techniques to assist the acidic NADESs for the best recovery of phenolic compounds from sumac. HPLC analysis revealed that the extracts obtained with acidic NADESs, particularly CHAC and CHLA, showed higher contents of phenolic compounds compared to the extracts obtained with conventional solvents. The outcomes of the study revealed that the acidic NADESs and the proposed extraction techniques could be an excellent alternative for the greener extraction of phenolic compounds from plants.

Modeling of a spray-drying process for the encapsulation of high-added value extracts from food by-products

The main goal of this research was to develop a mathematical model for a co-current spray drying-assisted encapsulation of natural extracts from grape pomace and citrus fruit peels, aiming to predict both structural features and the retention of their bioactive constituents. Model validation was performed using a laboratory scale spray dryer, analyzing the product in terms of moisture content, solids and total phenolic compounds recovery yields. The comparison between experimental and simulated results revealed that the model properly described the system. A slight effect of air inlet temperature was observed on the phenolic content of produced particles. For this reason, a kinetic law, which allows predicting the degradation of phenols was proposed and validated. These results highlighted the potential of spray-drying technology to efficiently encapsulate high-added value compounds with good preservation of their bioactive compounds, offering the possibility to decrease food waste issues while improving industry economic benefits.

Versatile Green Processing for Recovery of Phenolic Compounds from Natural Product Extracts towards Bioeconomy and Cascade Utilization for Waste Valorization on the Example of Cocoa Bean Shell (CBS)

In the context of bioeconomic research approaches, a cascade use of plant raw materials makes sense in many cases for waste valorization. This not only guarantees that the raw material is used as completely as possible, but also offers the possibility of using its by-products and residual flows profitably. To make such cascade uses as efficient as possible, efficient and environmentally friendly processes are needed. To exemplify the versatile method, e.g., every year 675,000 metric tons of cocoa bean shell (CBS) accrues as a waste stream in the food processing industry worldwide. A novel green process reaches very high yields of up to 100% in one extraction stage, ensures low consumption of organic solvents due to double usage of ethanol as the only organic solvent, is adaptable enough to capture all kinds of secondary metabolites from hot water extracts and ensures the usage of structural carbohydrates from precipitation. A Design of Experiments (DoE) was conducted to optimize the influence of pH value and phase ratio on the yield and purity of the integrated ethanol/water/salt aqueous-two-phase extraction (ATPS) system.

Comprehensive Study of Traditional Plant Ground Ivy (Glechoma hederacea L.) Grown in Croatia in Terms of Nutritional and Bioactive Composition.

In the present study, ground ivy was harvested from different natural habitats in Croatia and subjected to screening analysis for nutritional and bioactive composition. To achieve maximum recovery of phenolic compounds, different extraction techniques were investigated—heat-assisted (HAE), microwave-assisted (MAE) and subcritical water (SWE) extraction. Prepared extracts were analysed by spectrophotometric methods, LC-MS/MS and HPLC-PAD methodologies. Results regarding nutritive analyses, conducted using standard AOAC methods, showed the abundance of samples in terms of insoluble dietary fibre, protein, calcium and potassium, while rutin, chlorogenic, cryptochlorogenic, caffeic and rosmarinic acid were the most dominant phenolic compounds. In addition, LC-MS/MS analysis revealed the presence of apigenin and luteolin in glycosylated form. Maximum recovery of target phenolic compounds was achieved with MAE, while SWE led to the formation of new antioxidants, which is commonly known as neoformation. Moreover, efficient prediction of phenolic composition of prepared extracts was achieved using NIR spectroscopy combined with ANN modelling.