Phenolic Compounds In Aqueous Extracts Research Articles

Antioxidant Activity and Effectiveness of Fig Extract in Counteracting Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Oxidative Damage in Rats.

Figs are the edible fruits of the fig tree, Ficus carica L., that have been used for centuries for human consumption and in traditional medicine, to treat skin problems, inflammation, and gastrointestinal disorders. Our previous study investigated the presence of phenolic compounds in aqueous extracts of two Algerian popular fig varieties, azendjar (Az) and taamriouth (Ta), as well as their in vitro antioxidant activity. In this study, we assessed hydroethanolic extracts of these fig varieties. The total phenolic content was measured, along with the phenolic profile. Rutin was determined to be the dominant phenolic compound, followed by vanillic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, quercetin, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, rosmarinic acid (in Az only), and cinnamic acid. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated both in vitro (DPPH and FRAP assays) and in vivo, in rats intoxicated with carbon tetrachloride. In all assays, the fig extract-especially the dark-peeled fig variety azendjar-showed antioxidant potency. The administration of fig extract resulted in a reduction in liver damage, expressed by both different biochemical markers and histopathological study (less degraded liver architecture, reduced fibrosis, and only mild inflammation). A dose-dependent therapeutic effect was observed. The extract from the dark-peeled fig variety, Az, was characterized by a higher phenolic content and a stronger antioxidant activity than the extract from the light-peeled variety-Ta. Our study justifies the use of figs in traditional healing and shows the potential of using fig extracts in natural medicines and functional foods.

Aqueous Extracts of Four Medicinal Plants and Their Allelopathic Effects on Germination and Seedlings: Their Morphometric Characteristics of Three Horticultural Plant Species

Allelopathy is a biological phenomenon of synthesizing and excreting compounds that can affect the growth of various organisms, i.e., plant species. The aim of this work was to investigate the possible allelopathic influence of aqueous extracts, obtained from plant species chia (Salvia hispanica L.), black cumin (Nigella sativa L.), wormwood (Artemisia absinthium L.), and nettle (Urtica dioica L.), on the seed germination growth and morphometric characteristics of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seedlings in laboratory conditions. Pepper, spinach, and lettuce seedlings were treated with aqueous extracts of chia, nettle, wormwood, and black cumin of different concentrations (2.5, 5 and 10%, respectively). The aqueous extracts were prepared according to the method developed by Norsworthy and the qualitative and quantitative analysis of phenolic compounds in aqueous extracts were performed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS). Phytochemical composition of chia aqueous extracts showed the highest content (above the 1 mg L−1) of epicatechin, quinic acid, caffeic acid, esculetin and cinnamic acid in the comparison with others from the total of 19 detected chemical compounds. In aqueous extracts of black cumin, there were six compounds detected in content above 1 mg L−1, i.e., epicatechin, quinic acid, caffeic acid, esculetin, cinnamic acid, and kaempferol. The same compounds were the most abundant in wormwood extracts, along with gallic acid. Epicatechin and esculetin were only two compounds detected in aqueous extract of nettle in concentration higher than 1 mg L−1. According to the results of this study, only the treatment of spinach seeds with chia aqueous extract in concentration of 2.5% before germination stimulates the germination of spinach seeds, and wormwood herbs and chia extracts in concentrations of 2.5 and 5% stimulate the germination of lettuce seeds and the growth of hypocotyl and radicle length of developed seedlings. The treatment of pepper and lettuce seeds with aqueous extract of nettle in concentration of 10% completely inhibited seed germination.

Phenolic Compounds from onion husk (Allium cepa L.): Mode of Extraction

Phenolic compounds contained in plants can prevent cardiovascular and oncological diseases that pose a serious threat to human health and life. Onion Allium cepa L. is a source of natural phenolic compounds This study investigates the effect of extraction temperature and duration on the total content of phenolic compounds in aqueous extracts of onion husk Allium cepa L. The total content of phenolic compounds in extracts has been measured. The prospects of using onion husk as a source of substances of phenolic nature are analyzed in the article.

Evaluation Effect of Phenolic Compounds in Aqueous Extracts of Pomegranate and Olive Leaves as Antioxidant and Antibacterial in beef

The present study was aimed to know the effects of phenolic compounds were extracted from pomegranate and olive leaves which evaluated in beef. The results were showed effect plant extracts as antibacterial by agar diffusion method (Inhibition Zone Diameter) compared to antibiotics standard (cefamandol, cefixime and piperacillin) . On the other side, used Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) analysis to investigate on the meat oxidative , control treatment (C) showed exhibited the greater values of TBA, and lower TBA values were observed in pomegranate and olive leaves extract treatment combinations (POE) 3% followed by pomegranate leaves extract treatment (PE) 3% and olive leaves extract treatment (OE). Bacterial contamination in beef was determined and compared with Iraqi standard microbiological limits, the aerobic total plate bacteria in (PE) treatment lowest number followed by OE and POE compared with the control treatment in which increased of content from total aerobic bacteria.

Progressive Pes Planus resulting in fibular stress fracture

Plants contain polyphenolic compounds such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, stilbenes, lignans, etc., which are endowed with antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to correlate the total phenolic compound and flavonoid content of 15 medicinal plants with their antioxidant properties and to determine some important essential elements (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Se). The antioxidant capacity was tested by three methods (ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP) for the ability to provide electrons or hydrogen to various compounds, or to scavenge free radicals. The highest content of total phenolic compounds in aqueous extracts was found in Agrimonia eupatoria. In addition to this plant, high antioxidant capacities were also present in Origanum vulgare and Mentha × piperita. The positive correlation between the total phenolic compound content and the antioxidant capacity was strong, whereas flavonoids were correlated to antioxidant properties to a lesser extent. All the aqueous plant extracts contain larger amounts of potassium than sodium, which could be beneficial for humans with low NaCl diets. The significance of replenishing of calcium, magnesium, zinc, and selenium by drinking herbal teas is discussed.

Characterization of some potential medicinal plants from Central Europe by their antioxidant capacity and the presence of metal elements

Abstract Plants contain polyphenolic compounds such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, stilbenes, lignans, etc., which are endowed with antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to correlate the total phenolic compound and flavonoid content of 15 medicinal plants with their antioxidant properties and to determine some important essential elements (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Se). The antioxidant capacity was tested by three methods (ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP) for the ability to provide electrons or hydrogen to various compounds, or to scavenge free radicals. The highest content of total phenolic compounds in aqueous extracts was found in Agrimonia eupatoria. In addition to this plant, high antioxidant capacities were also present in Origanum vulgare and Mentha × piperita . The positive correlation between the total phenolic compound content and the antioxidant capacity was strong, whereas flavonoids were correlated to antioxidant properties to a lesser extent. All the aqueous plant extracts contain larger amounts of potassium than sodium, which could be beneficial for humans with low NaCl diets. The significance of replenishing of calcium, magnesium, zinc, and selenium by drinking herbal teas is discussed.

Effect of in vitro digestion upon the antioxidant capacity of aqueous extracts of Agrimonia eupatoria, Rubus idaeus, Salvia sp. and Satureja montana

An in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell culture model was used to assess the stability and bioavailability of phenolic compounds in aqueous extracts of four herbal infusions, traditionally used as functional drinks in Portugal. Alterations in antioxidant power were monitored by ABTS + , whereas the profile of phenolic compounds was ascertained by HPLC-DAD. The bioavailability of rutin – an important flavonoid present in such extracts, and thus a representative of those compounds, was assessed across Caco-2 cells via LC–MS/MS. Our results indicate that several antioxidant compounds are not affected by the (simulated) digestive process, whereas others undergo decreases in their activity throughout said process; a few have their antioxidant capacity hampered under stomach-like conditions. It was also found that rutin can be transported across the Caco-2 cell barrier.

Determination of phenolic compounds in medicinal herbs by reversed-phase HPLC

An HPLC procedure is proposed for the determination of 12 phenolic compounds in plant tissues by reversed-phase HPLC with gradient elution and UV detection. The influence of pH, composition of the mobile phase, concentration of the organic modifier, and temperature on the separation of gallic, protocatechuic, trans-ferulic, trans-caffeic acid, rutin, quercetin, dihydroquercetin, and (_)-epicatechin for 30 min is studied. The lower limit of quantification of phenolic compounds is 1–2.5 μg/L. The procedure was applied to the determination of phenolic compounds in aqueous extracts of Hypericum perforatum; its sample was found to contain protocatechuic acid, (_)-epicatechin, and also rutin.

Methylxanthines and Phenolics Content Extracted during the Consumption of Mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil) Beverages

"Chimarrao" and "terere" are popular beverages consumed in South America prepared using mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil.). "Chimarrao" consists of a partial infusion where hot water is added, while "terere" is a total infusion, with addition of cold water. This study was designed to simulate preparation of these beverages for consumption, in order to estimate the total amount of xanthines and phenolic compounds in aqueous extracts that would be ingested by the consumer. Different commercial types of mate were employed for "chimarrao" preparation (native, smooth, traditional, and course-ground), and these were compared to "terere". In "chimarrao", beverages from coarse-ground mate showed the highest levels of xanthines. However, "terere" presented quantities 2.5 times higher than the beverage of the coarse-ground mate. Considering the total phenolics in "chimarrao", there was no difference between the types of herbs, but in "terere", the extraction of almost all of the phenolics was observed.

Functionality of Bioactive Compounds in Brazilian Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) Cultivars: Evaluation of Hyperglycemia and Hypertension Potential Using in Vitro Models

Fruits of seven fully ripened strawberry cultivars grown in Brazil (Dover, Camp Dover, Camarosa, Sweet Charlie, Toyonoka, Oso Grande, and Piedade) were evaluated for total phenolics, antioxidant activity based on DPPH radical scavenging assay, and functionality such as inhibition of alpha-amylase, alpha-glucosidase, and angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) relevant for potentially managing hyperglycemia and hypertension. The total phenolics content ranged from 966 to 1571 microg of gallic acid/g of fruit fresh weight for Toyonoka and Dover, respectively. No correlation was found between total phenolics and antioxidant activity. The major phenolic compounds in aqueous extracts of strawberries were ellagic acid, quercetin, and chlorogenic acid. Strawberries had high alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity. However, alpha-amylase inhibitory activity was very low in all cultivars. This suggested that strawberries could be considered as a potential dietary source with anti-hyperglycemic potential. The evaluated cultivars had no significant ACE inhibitory activity, reflecting low anti-hypertensive potential.