Phaseolus Research Articles

Identification of rhizobial strains nodulating Egyptian grain legumes.

Fifty four bacterial strains were isolated from root nodules of the grain legumes Cicer arietinum, Lens esculentus, Phaseolus vulgaris, Pisum sativum, and Vicia faba grown in cultivated lands of Beni-Suef Governorate (Egypt). Repetitive extragenic palindromic (REP)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) clustered the strains into 15 REP-PCR groups. The nearly complete sequence of the 16S rRNA gene from a representative strain of each REP-PCR pattern showed that the strains were closely related to members of the family Rhizobiaceae of the Alphaproteobacteria. Pairwise alignments between globally aligned sequences indicated that the strains from V. faba had 99.6% identity with Rhizobium leguminosarum, and those from P. vulgaris 99.76% and 100% with sequences from R. leguminosarum and R. mesosinicum, respectively. Strains from P. sativum had 99.76%, 99.84%, and 99.92% sequence identity with R. leguminosarum, R. etli, and R. pisi, respectively, and those from L. esculentus had 99.61% identity with sequences from R. leguminosarum. Sequences of the strains from C. arietinum had 100% identity with those of Mesorhizobium amorphae and M. robiniae, respectively. Nitrogenase activity, determined as acetylene-dependent ethylene production, was detected in nodules formed after inoculation of the corresponding host plant with the representative rhizobial species.

The Response of Haricot bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Varieties to Phosphorus Levels on Nitosols at Wolaita Zone, Ethiopia

The Response of Haricot bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Varieties to Phosphorus Levels on Nitosols at Wolaita Zone, Ethiopia

Crop yield and soil fertility as affected by papermill biosolids and liming by-products

Ziadi, N., Gagnon, B. and Nyiraneza, J. 2013. Crop yield and soil fertility as affected by papermill biosolids and liming by-products. Can. J. Soil Sci. 93: 319-328. Papermill biosolids (PB) in combination with alkaline industrial residuals could benefit agricultural soils while diverting these biosolids from landfill. A greenhouse study was conducted to evaluate the effect of three types of PB at rates of 0, 30, and 60 wet Mg ha-1, as well as five liming by-products at 3 wet Mg ha-1 along with 30 Mg PB ha-1 on crop yield, nutrient accumulation, and soil properties. De-inking paper biosolids (DB, C/N of 65) were applied to soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], and two combined PB (PB1, C/N of 31; and PB2, C/N of 14) were applied to dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), respectively. The liming by-products included lime mud (LM), wood ash (WA) from paper mills, commercial calcitic lime (CL), Mg dissolution by-product (MgD), and Mg smelting and electrolysis work (MgSE). Compared with...

Populations, diversity and identities of bacterial endophytes in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cropping systems

Pageni, B. B., Lupwayi, N. Z., Larney, F. J., Kawchuk, L. M. and Gan, Y. 2013. Populations, diversity and identities of bacterial endophytes in potato ( Solanum tuberosumL.) cropping systems. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 1125-1142. Most plants host endophytic bacteria, but their identities and functions are usually unknown. Bacterial endophytes associated with potato grown after dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) or wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were isolated, quantified and identified in a field study that compared crop rotations (3 to 6 yr in length) and soil management (CONV, conventional; CONS, conservation) for dry bean, potato, sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) and spring wheat. Populations of culturable endophytes ranged from 2.83×103 to 7.65×103 colony-forming units g-1 of root dry matter. The populations and diversity of the endophytes were greater with CONS than CONV soil management, and tended to be greater in longer than shorter rotations. The community structures of the endophytes were different between C...

Components of variance in growth traits and photosynthesis in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Las colecciones de frijol se han estudiado por caracteristicas morfologicas y de produccion, pero hace falta el conocimiento de los caracteres relacionados con el crecimiento de la planta y la fotosintesis; la aplicacion de esta investigacion permite apoyar a los programas de mejora genetica de cultivares de alto valor para la seguridad alimentaria. En una coleccion de frijol comun, compuesta por 29 materiales de procedencias Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Mexico y Peru existente en el banco de germoplasma de la Nacion colombiana que administra la Corporacion Colombiana de Investigacion Agropecuaria (Corpoica), se midieron 34 variables cuantitativas relacionadas con el crecimiento de la planta y la fotosintesis, con el objetivo de seleccionar las variables de mayor aporte genetico y poco efecto de ambiente. Los analisis para las variables cuantitativas de indole fisiologica revelaron alto efecto del ambiente sobre su expresion, excepto sobre los componentes de crecimiento razon area foliar (RAF), razon peso foliar (RPF) y area foliar especifica (AFE), que presentaron mayor expresion genetica, indicando que son caracteres que se pueden usar para describir las accesiones de la coleccion y como variables, con uso potencial, para la seleccion de genotipos, en programas de mejoramiento genetico

SALINITY EFFECTS ON GROWTH AND APICAL DOMINANCE IN PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L.

The effect of irrigation with saline nutrient solutions on the growth of the main stem and lateral shoots of two varieties of dwarf bean (Phaseolus vulgaris cvs. Balady and Black Valentine) was studied. Saline culture solutions were prepared by adding NaCl to Pfeffer's nutrient solution. Salinity, especially at 20 meq NaCl, promoted the growth of the main stem in cv. Balady, whereas that of cv. Black Valentine was promoted by up to 60 meq NaCl. The growth of lateral shoots was enhanced with salinity up to 20 meq NaCl in cv. Balady and 40 meq Nad in cv. Black Valentine, although higher concentrarations were not suppressive as compared with the control. The levels of some mineral elements in the leaves were determined. Total nitrogen and sodium concentrations in both varieties were increased, whereas phosphorus and potassium concentrations were progressively decreased by salinity.

Genetic control of zinc and iron concentration in common bean seeds

The objective of this study was to obtain information regarding genetic control of zinc and iron levels in common bean seeds. For that purpose, four lines with high iron and zinc concentration and four with low concentration were crossed in a partial diallel design. Hybridizations were carried out in a greenhouse, as well as obtaining F1, reciprocal F1 and F2 generations. The data obtained were submitted to analysis of variance for each generation. To verify the occurrence of maternal effects, the possible contrasts between parents and F1 and reciprocal F1 generations were tested for each cross. It was observed that an expressive part of the variation in zinc and iron concentrations among the lines used is due to the seed coat. In the case of zinc, the additive allelic interaction alone explained the variation. For iron, the occurrence of dominance is also important. Key words: Phaseolus vulgaris L., maternal effect, combining ability, allelic interaction, nutritional quality.

Optimization Tests of Antagonistic Interaction between Lead / Iron and Lead / Zinc, IN-VITRO Investigations on the Plant: PHASEOLUS VULGARIS

Lead pollution is a global problem, currently under a general awareness. Recent research has confirmed the impact of this pollutant in exposed organisms. Emission sources of lead are multiples and more particularly the emissions of exhaust gases of vehicles because of its use as Tetraethyl lead Pb (C2H5)4 was the main constituent of antiknock agents added to gasoline to increase the octane rating. Knowing that exposure to lead causes lead poisoning, the reflection on the modalities of detoxification needed. It is in this vein that we try to offer our looking for away to detoxification by means of the interaction between lead and iron on one side and lead and zinc of another side of the plant in vitro “PHASEOLUS VULGARIS”. In order to determine the most reliable results in terms of limitations of the toxic effects of lead exposure on the plant in other words antagonism. The choice of iron and zinc is justified by their biological role, in addition they are desired item

Methods of presenting intercropping results and preliminary results with Zea mays and Phaseolus vulgaris

Replacement intercropping trials with maize and dry beans were conducted to provide information which could lead to a cropping strategy that would reduce the risk of rainfed crop production in the Ciskei. Attention is focused on the problem of analysing intercropping experiments. It was concluded that more than one method of analysis was necessary. The gross yields obtained as well as the competition effects in terms of the proportion harvested rather than the proportions sown must be examined. Replacement intercropping of maize and beans does not appear to provide a strategy for reducing the risk of rainfed cropping in Ciskei.

Assessment on Students’ Science Process Skills: A Student- Centred Approach

The study was conducted to assess the scientific skills of the selected second year students of Lugait National High School (LNHS) and Naawan National High School (NNHS) S.Y 2011-2012 on their monitoring of the growth of String beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). Fifteen second year students in a biology class from both public high schools were chosen as respondents. They were oriented on the procedures used in bio monitoring as well as the rubrics used in assessing their performance such as setting up the equipment, following procedures, data collection, safety and clean up procedure. The performances of students from both schools were the same in terms of observing the colour and texture of the leaves and both have a very good knowledge in the bio monitoring procedures. But they differ in their accuracy and precision in the measurement of the length of the stem, length and width of the leaves of the bio monitored plant. The LNHS students were more accurate while the NNHS students were more precise. The performance of the selected students of both schools in identifying the colour and texture of the leaves do not differ significantly with the researcher (p>0.05). Results also showed that the selected LNHS students do not differ with the researcher in the measurements of the length of the stem and length and width of the leaves. Among the 5 parameters used in this student-centred approach scientific experiment in bio monitoring of the Phaseolus vulgaris, the selected second year students from both schools were moderately excellent in data collection and excellent in the setting up the equipment, following procedures, safety and precautions and clean up procedure. The student-centred approach doing hands-on activities incorporating inquiry based science teaching to science instruction has significantly improved the students' science process skills

Phenotypical Research Concerning Climbing Bean Pods Belonging to the Germplasm Collection from Vegetable Research - Development Station Buzău

At the Vegetable Research - Development Station (V.R.D.S.) BuzAƒu was made a climbingbean collection (Phaseolus vulgaris var. communis), containing over 50 local populations derivingfrom S - E Romania. The collection realization has as a main purpose the conservation andvalorisation of the germplasm resources from Phaseolus vulgaris species. The results of theexperiment refer to the culture comportment, in open field, of 23 local populations. The researchesdignified a great variability in what it concerns pods characteristics (weight, colour, length, width,thickness, stringiness, curvature degree, distal part etc.). The results obtained confirm the value of thebiological material collected as germplasm sources for breeding and justifies the conservation worksof the biodiversity for this species.

Cloning and characterization of chalcone synthase gene from Pueraria candollei var. mirifica

The full-length open reading frame of chalcone synthase (CHS) gene, designated asPcCHS, was obtained from Pueraria candollei var. mirifica using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). It was 1170 bp in length, encoded for 389 amino acid residues with the relative molecular mass of 42.6 kDa. The predicted isoelectric point of the gene product was 5.10. Southern blot analysis indicated that the P. candollei var. mirifica CHS gene belonged to a multigene family. The deduced amino acid sequence of thePcCHS-encoded protein showed a high degree of identity to those of the CHS fromPueraria montana, Glycine max, Phaseolus vulgaris, Vigna unguiculata, Medicago sativaand Pisum sativum. The expression of PcCHS gene was detected in all tissues (leaf, stem and root) examined, and its expression was induced by UV-B irradiation and wounding treatment. Key words: Pueraria candollei var. mirifica, chalcone synthase, flavonoids biosynthesis, gene expression.

Effect of Some Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria on Yield, Yield Components of Dry Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Aras 98)

ABSTRACT : The common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) belongs to the family Leguminosae, and is a diverse food resource of high nutritional value. Plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) are a group of bacteria that actively colonize plants, increase plant growth and yield, and suppres plant disease. In this study, the effectiveness of ten PGPBs ( Alcaligenes piechaudii strain RK-136, Bacillus megaterium strain M-3, Bacillus pumilus strain M-13, Bacillus subtilis strain BA-142, Erwinia rhapontici strain RK-135, Burkholderia cepacia strain RK-277, Pantoea agglomerans strain RK-84, RK-123, RK-92, Pseudomonas putida strain BA-8, Serratia liquefaciens strain RK-102) was evaluated on growth and yield parameters of dry bean. Also, they were investigated for their ability to suppress diseases caused by natural plant pathogenic bacteria and/or fungal infections in field conditions. As a result of all experiments, some of the applications of PGPBs increased growth and yield parameters of dry bean. In addition, some of the PGPBs suppressed the diseases of bean caused by natural bacterial and/or fungal infections. Consequently, our results indicated that some of tested bacteria including Bacillus megaterium strain M-3, Erwinia rhapontici strain RK-135 and Pantoea agglomerans strain RK-92 can be used as biofertilizer for bean production in sustainable and ecological agricultural systems. Keywords: Bacteria, Phaseolus vulgaris, plant growth promoting bacteria, PGPBs, yield, yield component Bitki Buyumesini Tesvik Eden Bazi Bakterilerin Kuru Fasulyenin ( Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Aras 98) Verim ve Verim Unsurlarina Etkisi OZET : Leguminosae familyasina ait olan kuru fasulye ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) bitkisi besin degeri yuksek bir gida kaynagidir. Bitki buyumesini tesvik eden bakteriler (PGPBs) aktif olarak bitkilerde kolonize olan ve bitki buyumesini ve verimini artiran ve hastaliklari baskilayan bir bakteri grubudur. Bu calismada on adet PGPB’nin ( Alcaligenes piechaudii strain RK-136, Bacillus megaterium strain M-3, Bacillus pumilus strain M-13, Bacillus subtilis strain BA-142, Erwinia rhapontici strain RK-135, Burkholderia cepacia strain RK-277, Pantoea agglomerans strain RK-84, RK-123, RK-92, Pseudomonas putida strain BA-8, Serratia liquefaciens strain RK-102) kuru fasulyenin buyumesi ve verimi uzerine etkililigi degerlendirilmistir. Ayrica bakteryel ve fungal bitki patojenlerinin arazi kosullarindaki dogal enfeksiyonlarindan kaynaklanan hastaliklarin onlenmesinde de PGPR bakterilerinin etkinlikleri arastirilmistir. Calismanin sonunda uygulanan bazi PGPB’lerin fasulyede buyumeyi ve verimi arttirdigi tespit edilmistir. Ek olarak, bu PGPB’lerin bazilari bakteriyel ya da fungal patojen enfeksiyonlarindan kaynaklanan hastaliklari baskilamislardir. Sonuc olarak, Bacillus megaterium strain M-3, Erwinia rhapontici strain RK-135 ve Pantoea agglomerans strain RK-92’in de dahil oldugu test edilen bazi bakterilerin surdurulebilir ve ekolojik tarim sistemlerinde kuru fasulye uretiminde biyogubre olarak kullanilabilir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Bakteri, Phaseolus vulgaris, bitki buyumesini tesvik eden bakteriler, PGPB, verim, verim unsurlari

Cytogenetic Evaluation of Some Genera of Persian <i>Phaseolus</i>

Cytogenetic Evaluation of Some Genera of Persian <i>Phaseolus</i>

Common bean lines as potential differential cultivars for race 65 of Colletorichum lindemuthianum.

Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, which is known for its wide diversity in virulence, is the causal agent of anthracnose of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Studies of race characterization using the standard set of 12 differential cultivars have shown the predominance of race 65 in Minas Gerais state (Brazil). However, the presence of genetic variability within race 65 has complicated the development of a durable resistant bean cultivar. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify common bean lines able to differentiate the variation within race 65 to complement the results of the standard set of differential cultivars. A total of 12 common bean lines adapted to Brazilian conditions and 12 fungal isolates classified as race 65 were used. We now propose a new nomenclature to identify the pathogenic variability of race 65 isolates. Using this methodology, five different reaction patterns were observed, allowing the differentiation of regionally important races that could not be discriminated using the standard set of differential cultivars. Furthermore, our approach makes it possible the identification of new genes and sources of resistance to anthracnose.

Review: Breeding common bean for resistance to insect pests and nematodes

Singh, S. P. and Schwartz, H. F. 2011. Review: Breeding common bean for resistance to insect pests and nematodes. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 239-250. Various insect pests and nematodes cause severe losses (35-100%) globally to the yield and quality of dry and green common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The objectives of this review are to briefly describe major insect pests and nematodes in the Americas, breeding strategies and methods used, and research progress achieved. We also describe integrated genetic improvement for resistance to multiple insect pests and nematodes and cultivar development. Breeding for resistance to one insect pest or nematode at a time has been practiced in most instances. Backcross, pedigree, and bulk-pedigree breeding methods have been used. Considerable progress has been made in genetics and germplasm enhancement for resistance to bean pod weevil (Apion godmani Wagner), tropical bruchid (Zabrotes subfasciatus Boheman), leafhoppers (Empoasca kraemeri Ross and Moore), and root- knot nematode (Meloidogyne species). However, improvement in resistance to Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say), lesion (Pratylenchus species) and soybean cyst (Heterodera glycines) nematodes, and other regional insect pests has been minimal or non-existent. Furthermore, dry or green common bean cultivars with high levels of resistance to one or more insect pests and nematodes are rare. Breeding strategies for integrated and simultaneous genetic improvement of multiple qualitatively and quantitatively inherited resistances for cultivar development are briefly described.

A Model to Predict the Effects of Postharvest Environment on Quality Deterioration of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

本研究では, 温度, ガス濃度および時間経過を考慮した内容成分含有量変化予測モデルの構築を試みた. インゲンマメの呼吸速度には温度およびO2濃度依存性が確認され, 温度, ガス濃度および時間経過を考慮した呼吸速度予測モデルの適応が可能であることが示された. また, このモデルより算出される積算呼吸量と実験により求められたGlu含有量あるいはL-AsA含有量の相対変化との関係を一次反応速度式で表わしパラメータを決定した. その結果, Glu相対含有量ならびにL-AsA相対含有量と積算呼吸量は提案したモデルによって表現可能であることが認められた. パラメータ決定に用いたデータセットとは別の条件下で行った検証用データセットを用い, モデルの妥当性の検証を行った結果, 各成分含有量の相対含有量変化を精度よく予測することが可能であった. 一方, 本研究で用いた貯蔵条件では, インゲンマメの表色を表すL*a*b*値に変化が認められず, その値は指標とならないことが分かった.

Screening for antidiabetic activity and phytochemical constituents of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seeds

Seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris were given individually at different doses to different batches of rats (both normal and hyperglicemic rats) after an overnight fast. Seeds contain the bioactive components – alkaloids, flavonoids, fiber, proteins, tannins, terpenoids, saponins, quercetin, anthocyanin and catechin. The blood glucose levels were measured at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 h after the treatment. Most active doses were further studied to dose-dependent (300, 200 and 100 g/kg bw) antihyperglycemic effects alone and in combination with glibenclamide (0.20, 0.10 and 0.05 g/kg bw). Seeds of P. vulgaris at a dosage of 300 g/kg bw is showing maximal blood glucose lowering effect in diabetic rats after third hour. The antihyperglycemic activity of P. vulgaris seeds was compared with the treatment of glibenclamide, an oral hypoglycemic agent. The combination of seeds of most dose (300 mg/kg bw) and higher dose of glibenclamide (0.20 g/kg bw) showed safer and potent hypoglycemic as well as antihyperglycemic activities without creating severe hypoglycemia in normal rats. Key words: Phaseolus vulgaris, seeds, diabetes mellitus, antihyperglycemic activity, glucose-infused diabetes, glibenclamide.

Effects of Hydro-Priming Duration on Seedling Vigour and Grain Yield of Pinto Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Cultivars

Seeds of pinto bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars (Talash, COS16 and Khomain) were divided into four sub-samples, one of which was kept as control (non-primed, P1) and three other samples were soaked in distilled water at 20oC for 7 (P2), 14 (P3) and 21 (P4) hours and then dried back to initial moisture content. In the laboratory, the lowest mean germination time and the highest germination percentage and seedling dry weight were achieved with P2, which was not significantly different from P3. Mean time of seed germination for Khomain was significantly higher than that for Talash and COS16. In the field, 1000 grain weight of Khomain was significantly higher than that of other cultivars, but mean grains/plant, grains/m2, grain yield/plant and grain yield/m2 of COS16 and Talash were significantly higher than those of Khomain. Therefore, grains/plant was the most important yield component affecting grain yield of pinto bean cultivars. Hydro-priming for 7 and 14 hours resulted in lower mean emergence time and higher seedling emergence percentage, grains/m2 and grain yield/m2, compared with P1 and P4. Grains/plant, 1000 grain weight and grain yield per plant were not significantly affected by hydro-priming. However, hydro-priming for 7 and 14 hours improved grain yield per unit area indirectly through enhancing seedling establishment and grains/m2. Extended priming duration negatively affected laboratory and field performance of pinto bean cultivars.

تأثیر ورمی کمپوست در بهبود تحمل به شوری گیاهچه های لوبیا قرمز رقم درخشان (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

در سال های اخیر تولید فزاینده زباله در نتیجه رشد جمعیت شهری و توسعه صنایع، به عنوان یک چالش جدی مطرح است. ورمی کمپوست به عنوان محصول فرآوری زباله های شهری با خصوصیات فیزیکوشیمیایی مناسب، می تواند نقش موثری در رشد و نمو و نیز کاهش اثرات منفی ناشی از تنش های مختلف محیطی بر گیاهان داشته باشد. برای این منظور مطالعه ای با هدف بررسی بر هم کنش نسبت های مختلف ورمی کمپوست و تنش شوری بر صفات ریخت زایی گیاهچه های لوبیا قرمز رقم درخشان (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Light Red Kidney) انجام شد. این آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک های کاملا تصادفی، شامل پنج نسبت حجمی ورمی کمپوست و ماسه (100:0؛ 90:10؛ 75:25؛50:50 و 25:75) و چهار سطح شوری (30، 60، 90 و120 میلی مول بر لیتر کلرید سدیم) به ترتیب معادل 75/2، 5/5، 25/8 و 11 دسی زیمنس بر متر، به همراه شاهد(صفر)، در سه تکرار مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. بذرها در گلدان های پلاستیکی کاشته و نمونه برداری از گیاهچه ها 28 روز پس از کاشت انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که در محیط بدون تنش، ورمی کمپوست تأثیر معنی داری (p ≤ 0.05) بر طول ساقه، تعداد میانگره ها، سطح و وزن خشک برگ، وزن خشک، سطح، قطر و مجموع طول ریشه ها داشت، اما تأثیر آن بر وزن خشک ساقه معنی دار نبود. بر هم کنش ورمی کمپوست و شوری، تأثیر معنی داری بر طول ساقه، تعداد میانگره ها، سطح و وزن خشک برگ، سطح و وزن خشک ریشه ها داشت، اما تأثیر آن بر وزن خشک ساقه، قطر و مجموع طول ریشه ها معنی دارنبود. بنابراین در سطوح پائین شوری تمام نسبت های ورمی کمپوست و در سطوح شوری بالا، نسبت های بالای ورمی کمپوست می تواند تا حدودی اثرات نامطلوب شوری را بر گیاهچه های لوبیا محدود نماید.