Phaseolus Vulgaris Seeds Research Articles

4α,14α-Dimethyl-5α-ergosta-7,9(11),24(28)-trien-3β-ol from Phaseolus vulgaris and Gynostemma pentaphyllum

The structure of a new 4α-methylsterol isolated from the immature seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris and the aerial parts of Gynostemma pentaphyllum has been shown to be 4α,14α-dimethyl-5α-ergosta-7,9(11),24(28)-trien-3β-ol by spectroscopic methods and by chemical correlation with obtusifoliol. This appears to be the first report of the isolation of a 4α-methylsterol with a Δ 7,9(11)-diene system from nature. Abundances and chromatographic data of all identified 4α-methylsterols isolated from G. pentaphyllum are also given.

24. Purification and Characterization of Transaminases of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) Seed

24. Purification and Characterization of Transaminases of French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) Seed

Prediction of the Effect of Storage Conditions on Water Content and Water Activity of Common Beans

ABSTRACTCommon bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) seeds from two cultivars were grown in four different locations. After harvest, these seeds were stored at 32°C, 75% relative humidity, for 120 days. It is well known that unwanted effects in seeds (e.g., hard‐to‐cook) may be generated under these conditions. Water content and water activity (aw) were determined throughout this storage period. In general, increases of these parameters followed similar patterns for all samples. Experimental observations in all seeds were well described by a single equation. Prediction of water content and aw by this equation may be useful for quality optimization of stored beans.

Localization of phaseolin and its mRNA in developing seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris

Localization of phaseolin and its mRNA in developing seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris

Poor correlation between the levels of proteinase inhibitors found in seeds of different cultivars of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and the resistance/susceptibility to predation by Callosobruchus maculatus

Larvae of Callosobruchus maculatus have poor performance in seeds of the cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata) cultivar TVu 2027, and of its progenies IT81D-1045 and IT81D-1064, when compared to cultivars CE-31, CE-11, and CE-524. We did not find any correlation between proteinase (trypsin, chymotrypsin, Subtilisin BPN', papain) inhibitory activity and the resistance shown by cultivars TVu 2027, IT81D-1045, and IT81D-1064. Similarly, there was no obvious relationship between the levels of lectin (hemagglutination activity) or tannins and the resistance or susceptibility of the seeds to predation by C. maculatus. The C. maculatus resistant cowpea seeds (IT81D-1045, IT81D-1064) support the development of Zabrotes subfasciatus, a bruchid that infests seeds of both Phaseolus vulgaris and Vigna unguiculata.

Enzymes from seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris L.: Hydroxylation of gibberellins A20 and A1 and 2,3-dehydrogenation of gibberellin A20

A time-course study is described relating the enzyme activities for GA20 metabolism with seed development in Phaseolus vulgaris L. Enzyme activity for the 3β-hydroxylation of GA20 to GA1, and for the 2,3-desaturation of GA20 to GA5, was confined to the cotyledons and showed maximal specific activity at 21 d after anthesis. These enzyme activities co-occurred, together with a much lower level of activity for the 2β-hydroxylation of GA20 to GA29. The observed rates of GA1, GA5 and GA29 formation from GA20 were constant under a range of incubation conditions. Enzyme activity for the conversion of GA1 to GA8 was detected only in embryos of seed from 40 d after anthesis. By deuterium-labelling and analysis of the products by gas chromatography-selected ion monitoring it was shown that 2β-hydroxylation of GA1 to GA8 and 3β-hydroxylation of GA20 to GA1 occur with retention of configuration and that the conversion of GA20 to GA5 occurs with loss of the 2β- and 3β-hydrogens. These results establish that GA1 is not formed from GA20 via GA5.

Resolution and partial characterization of proteinases and α-amylases from midguts of larvae of the bruchid beetle Callosobruchus maculatus (F.)

Abstract 1. 1. Three proteinases and four α-amylases wre identified in Callosobruchus maculatus larvae. 2. 2. All proteinases have the same M r (25,000) and optimum pH between 5.5 and 6.0 and are inhibited by iodoacetic acid, iodoacetamide, pCMB, TLCK, TPCK and E-64. Protein inhibitors of cysteine proteinases isolated from Vigna unguiculata seeds and from chicken egg white also inhibited all three proteinases. 3. 3. The four α-amylases have optimum pH between 5.2 and 6.0 and mol. wt of 56,000, 45,000, 36,000 and 33,000. None of them are inhibited by an α-amylase inhibitor from Phaseolus vulgaris seeds. An α-amylase inhibitor from wheat inhibited the amylases of M r 45,000, 36,000 and 33,000, but failed to inhibit the α-amylase of M r 56,000. 4. 4. The possible role of proteinase and α-amylase inhibitors in proteing V. unguiculata against attack by C. maculatus is discussed.

25-Methylgramisterol and other 4α-methylsterols from Phaseolus vulgaris seeds

Thestructures of five new 4α-methylsterols isolated from the immature seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris have been shown to be 25-methylgramisterol, 24 Z-ethylidene-4α-methyl-5α-cholest-8(14)-en-3β-ol, 24 E- and 24 Z- ethylidene-4α, 14α-dimethyl-5α-cholest-8-en-3β-ol and 24 Z-ethylidene-4α, 14α-dimethyl-5α-cholest-9(11)-en-3β-ol. In addition, four known but uncommon 4α-methylsterols, 28-isocitrostadienol, 4α-methylfecosterol, 24 Z-ethylidene-4α- methylcholest-8-en-3β-ol, and 24-methylene-4α, 14α-dimethyl-5α-cholest-9(11)-en-3β-ol, together with several common 4α-methylsterols were isolated from the seeds and identified.

Desiccation and Minimal Drying Treatments of Seeds of Castor Bean and Phaseolus vulgaris which Terminate Development and Promote Germination Cause Changes in Protein and Messenger RNA Synthesis

Desiccation and Minimal Drying Treatments of Seeds of Castor Bean and Phaseolus vulgaris which Terminate Development and Promote Germination Cause Changes in Protein and Messenger RNA Synthesis

In vitro Digestibility of Cereal and Legume (Phaseolus vulgaris) Starches by Bovine, Porcine and Human Pancreatic α‐Amylases Effect of Dietary Fiber

AbstractThe effect of heat treatment and dietary fiber from whole and dehulled black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) seeds on digestibility of various starches by bovine, porcine and human pancreatic α‐amylases was studied. Corn, rice, wheat and black bean starch digestibility increased after heating. The degree of hydrolysis of black bean starch ranged between 56 and 83% of the values obtained for cereal starches depending on the enzyme used. Enzyme activity was: human‐ > porcine > bovine regardless of the substrate employed. Dietary fiber decreased starch digestibility by porcine enzyme. This effect was more marked when whole grain fiber was used. Black bean and rice starch digestibility by human amylase was not affected by fiber, while corn and wheat starch hydrolysis was slightly inhibited. The use of the human enzyme is recomended for in vitro amylolysis assays. Attention is called on the difficulties of extrapolating results obtained with animal enzymes to humans.

Characterization of the Cytosolic Aldolase from Germinating Phaseolus vulgaris Seeds

Summary Aldolase is present as two isoenzymes in germinating bean tissue. The isoenzyme present in the plastids approximately comprises 36 % of the total aldolase activity. The total cytosolic aldolase activity is lower than the total phosphofructokinase activity, i.e. the pyrophosphate as well as the ATP dependent activity. The subunit molecular weight of the cytosolic isoenzyme is 40,000 dalton. Polyclonal antibodies were raised against the purified cytosolic isoenzyme in rabbits. The obtained antiserum immunoinactivate both isoenzymes but the affinity for the plastid isoenzyme is lower than for the cytosolic isoenzyme, indicating, immunological differences. The Km for fructose-l,6-bisphosphate of the cytosolic isoenzyme is 547 nM ± 99 nM. The cytosolic aldolase is inhibited by citrate, phosphoenol pyruvate, ADP and ATP.

Differences in the degradation in vivo and in vitro of phaseolin, the major storage protein of Phaseolus vulgaris seeds

Differences in the degradation <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> of phaseolin, the major storage protein of <i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> seeds

Selective effects of PHA on rat brush border hydrolases along the crypt-villus axis.

The mechanism of the toxicity of lectin from Phaseolus vulgaris seeds has been investigated on rat enterocytes. Cell isolation procedures showed a selectivity in the loss of brush border hydrolases; this indicated that the microvilli blebbing was not the only mechanism of action of lectins on rat enterocytes.

Ultradian and circannual rhythmicity in germination of Phaseolus seeds

Summary Germination success of seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Limburg was studied as a function of the time of onset of imbibition. Mean radicle length and mean radicle weight after 48 h germination in darkness varied regulary with a period length of approximately 6 hours, revealing ultradian rhythmicity. A long-term study covering 20 months showed an underlying circannual rhythmic component.

A soyasapogenol-B glucoside from the seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris

A new triterpenoid glucoside has been isolated from the seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris and characterized as 3β,22β-dihydroxy olean-12-en-24-O-β-d-glucopyranoside.

Grouping and Inhibition of Oogenesis in Two Strains ofAcanthoscelides obtectusSay (Coleoptera Bruchidae) of Different Geographical Origin-Specificity of This Inhibitory Effect

Summary Reproduction of A. obtectus females originating from Rubona (Rwanda) was inhibited after grouping (2 females, or 1 male—1 female). Only a few females produced mature oocytes; vitellogenin was synthesized, released into the haemolymph, but not incorporated into the oocytes. When females produced mature oocytes, their ovarian production was lower than in isolated virgin females. After pairing of a male and a female, 38% of the females mated, but mating under these conditions did not stimulate oogenesis. Oogenesis of females originating from Tours (France) was only slightly inhibited by the presence of males or females of the same origin. “France” males and females inhibited the reproduction of “Rwanda” females under grouping conditions. However, “France” females showed only a slight sensitivity to grouping with “Rwanda” bruchids. In the presence of Phaseolus vulgaris seeds, grouping had no effect and all females, whatever their origin, produced mature oocytes. Inhibition weis relatively specific as cohabitation with bruchids of other genera (Callosobruchus maculatus-Zabrotes subfasciatus) had no effect. Cohabitation with two species of the same genus (Acanthoscelides obvelatus—A. argilaceus) inhibited oogenesis of A. obtectus “Rwanda” strain. The significance of this regulation and its importance in the maintenance of populations in nature are also analyzed.

Expression of Circaseptan and Circannual Rhythmicity in the Imbibition of Dry Stored Bean Seeds

Water uptake of seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv Limburg was monitored in a controlled atmosphere every day at solar noon for a period of 2 years. The imbibition rate, determined as the mean of five replicas, was related to the lunar cycle, maximal water uptake occurring between the new phases of the cycle. The monthly mean value of imbibition rate, calculated from the daily measurements, displayed a circannual rhythm reaching maximal values in August-September and minimal values in February-March. These monthly values were positively correlated with the mean of the maximal temperatures recorded daily outside.

An assay for leukoagglutinating lectins using suspension cultured mouse lymphoma cells (BW5147) stained with neutral red

A sensitive and rapid assay for leukoagglutinating lectins has been developed. This assay utilizes neutral red-stained mouse lymphoma cells from the suspension cultured cell line BW5147. The agglutination of the stained cells can be monitored visually in a manner similar to that for conventional assays for erythroagglutinating lectins using erythrocytes. The activity of leukoagglutinating lectins that are not capable of agglutinating erythrocytes can be quantified by this assay. The utility of the assay was demonstrated using leukoagglutinating and erythroagglutinating lectins from the seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris and Maackia amurensis.

Changes in lipid components during the development of the french bean seed (Phaseolus vulgaris)

AbstractChanges in lipid classes, fatty acid composition and distribution have been monitored during the germination, development and maturation of the French bean seed Phaseolus vulgaris. A lipase activity profile over time was also determined. Ungerminated seeds contained high levels of triglycerides and free fatty acids, but low levels of polar lipids, monoglycerides, and diglycerides. Five days after germination there was a decrease in the quantity of triglycerides and free fatty acids and a concomitant increase in the levels of monoglycerides, diglycerides, and polar lipids. As development and maturation progressed, triglycerides increased substantially at the expense of mono‐ and diglycerides. Ungerminated seeds contained high levels of C20‐C22 fatty acids which decreased after germination with a concomitant increase in C16‐C18 unsaturated fatty acids. A study of the fatty acid distribution among the different classes of lipids demonstrated that 55% of the unsaturated fatty acids in the ungerminated seeds were present in the triglycerides, whereas the remainder were distributed among the mono‐ and diglycerides as well the other lipid classes (free fatty acids, polar lipid, and sterols). Five days after germination, the majority of these unsaturated fatty acids were found in the glyceride form. Overall the lipid classes, fatty acid composition and distribution changes during development and maturation of the French bean seed indicated that it shares many of the characteristics of soya bean development.

Metabolism of gibberellins in a cell-free system from immature seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris L.

The biosynthetic steps from gibberellin A12-aldehyde (GA12-aldehyde) to C19-GAs were studied by means of a cell-free system from the embryos of immature Phaseolus vulgaris seeds. Stable-isotope-labeled GAs were used as substrates and the products were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Gibberellin A12-aldehyde was converted to GA4 via non-hydroxylated intermediates and to GA1 via 13-hydroxylated intermediates. 13-Hydroxylation took place at the beginning of the pathway by the conversion of GA12-aldehyde to GA53-aldehyde. The conversion of GA20 to GA5 and GA6 was also shown but no 2β-hydroxylating activity was found. Endogenous GAs from embryos and testas of 17-dold seeds were re-examined by gas chromatography-selected ion monitoring using stable-isotopelabeled GAs as internal standards. Gibberellins A9, A12, A15, A19, A23, A24, and A53 were identified for the first time in P. vulgaris, in addition to GA1, GA4, GA5, GA6, GA8, GA17, GA20, GA29, GA37, GA38 and GA44, which were previously known to occur in this species. The levels of all GAs, except the 2β-hydroxylated ones, were greater in the embryos than in the testas. Conversely, the contents of GA8 and GA29, both 2β-hydroxylated, were much higher in the testas than in the embryos.