Growth Of Phaseolus Vulgaris Research Articles

Effects of ascorbic acid, charcoal, glucose, and salicylic acid in nutrient solutions on vegetative growth and the susceptibility of <i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> to sodium chloride

The effects of ascorbic acid, charcoal, glucose and salicylic acid, each added separately to normal nutrient solution, on the vegetative growth of Phaseolus vulgaris and also their ameliorative role when 75 mM NaCI was added were studied. Applic~tion of 20, 40 and 80 mg I-Iascorbic acid and 20 mg 1-1 salicylic acid generally induced larger leaf area and higher leaf, stem and root dry weights compared with normal nutrient solution. Glucose at 0.5 g 1.1increased root dry weight, but at higher concentrations glucose and charcoal inhibited growth. In all the treatments containing NaCI, leaf succulence and foliar injury developed and vegetative growth was drastically reduced. However, 20 mg 1_1 ascorbic acid and to a lesser extent, 0.5 g I-Iglucose, partially ameliorated the NaCI stress by increasing leaf area, stem and total plant dry weights, relative to treatment with NaCI alone. All other treatments either had little ameliorative effect or increased the susceptibility of P. vulgaris to NaCI stress. Original scientific paper. Received 24 Jan 02; revised 21 Dec 02.

Investigations into the inhibitory effects of microcystins on plant growth, and the toxicity of plant tissues following exposure

The cyanobacterial toxins microcystins are known to affect a number of processes in plant tissues, and their presence in water used for irrigation may have considerable impact on the growth and development of crop plants. In this study, two plant bioassays were employed to investigate the phytotoxic effects of microcystins. A plant tissue culture assay revealed that the growth and chlorophyll content of Solanum tuberosum L. cultures was inhibited at microcystin-LR concentrations of 0.005 and 0.05 μg cm −3 , respectively. A previously developed bioassay was also employed to determine the effects of three commonly occurring microcystin variants on the growth of Synapis alba L. seedlings. Microcystins-LR, -RR, and -LF inhibited the growth of seedlings, with GI 50 values of 1.9, 1.6 and 7.7 μg ml −1, respectively. The growth of Phaseolus vulgaris was also examined in the presence of microcystin-LR. The toxin was found to have little effect on growth for up to 18 days, but impaired the development of the roots of exposed plants, causing them to take up approximately 30% less growth medium than those grown in the absence of toxin. Microcystin was also detected in the tissues of exposed plants using a commercially available ELISA kit, suggesting that the uptake of these toxins by edible plants may have significant implications for human health.

Cultivo do feijoeiro em solução nutritiva sob proporções variáveis de amônio e nitrato

O experimento foi desenvolvido em solução nutritiva, em condições de casa de vegetação do Departamento de Ciência do Solo da Universidade Federal de Lavras, e teve, como objetivo, avaliar a influência de diferentes proporções de NH4+:NO3- sobre o crescimento, nutrição e eficiência de utilização de nitrogênio na fase inicial de crescimento de três cultivares de feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Rio Tibagi, Eriparsa e Carioca. Mediu-se a resposta a 4 mmol L-1 de nitrogênio, suprido nas proporções de NH4+:NO3- de 0:4, 1:3, 2:2, 3:1 e 4:0, por meio da matéria seca de raiz e parte aérea, bem como os teores de P, S, Ca, Mg, K e a avaliação da eficiência de utilização de nitrogênio. Os cultivares de feijoeiro foram afetados pela relação NH4+:NO3-. A maior produção de matéria seca foi verificada com o suprimento de amônio e nitrato, em igual proporção. Com o predomínio de nitrato, os cultivares Carioca e Rio Tibagi mostraram maior e menor eficiência de utilização de N, respectivamente. O suprimento exclusivo de amônio, para os cultivares de feijoeiro estudados, resultou em sérios prejuízos ao sistema radicular, com conseqüente redução na absorção de nutrientes, notadamente de cálcio.

Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray is More Heat Tolerant than P. vulgaris L. in the Absence of Water Stress

Field observations suggest that Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray is more heat and drought tolerant than P. vulgaris L. Since high temperature stress and water stress are difficult to separate in field experiments, we do not know if P. acutifolius is more high temperature tolerant than P. vulgaris. The goal of our research was to determine whether P. acutifolius is more heat tolerant than P. vulgaris in the absence of water stress. Plants grown at 25°C for 13 d in controlled environment chambers were separated into two groups; one group was maintained at 25°C for 8 d and the other at 32°C for 8 d. Air vapor pressure deficit at the two temperatures was maintained at 1.1 kPa. Phaseolus vulgaris growth was significantly decreased at 32°C compared with growth at 25°C. The decrease included total leaf area, total dry weight, root weight, and net assimilation rate. Phaseolus acutifolius grew similarly at both temperatures. Separate experiments investigated the effects of temperature on seed germination and early seedling growth. Seed germination of both species was reduced by about 11% at 32°C compared with germination at 25°C. Initial P. vulgaris radical growth was inhibited at 32°C whereas radical growth of P. acutifolius was not affected. Our results indicate that at the tissue level P. acutifolius is more heat tolerant than P. vulgaris.

Salinity and hormone interactions in affecting growth, transpiration and ionic relations ofPhaseolus vulgaris

Addition of either abscisic acid (ABA) or kinetin at 10-6 M to salinized media (20-120mM NaCl) induced remarkable effects on growth ofPhaseolus vulgaris plants. Whereas ABA inhibited the plant growth and the rate of transpiration, kinetin induced stimulation of both parameters. Moreover, ABA increased proline and phosphorus concentrations in the salinized plants whilst kinetin decreased them.ABA induced stimulation of the transport of K, Ca and Cl from root to shoot, accumulation of K, Na and Cl in root cells and inhibits the transport of Na and accumulation of Ca. Kinetin appeared to inhibit the transport and accumulation of Na and Cl, transport of K, and stimulates the accumulation of K and Ca as well as the transport of Ca. The highest influence of both ABA and kinetin was mostly observed when these hormones were used in combination with the highest concentration of NaCl (120 mM) in the medium.

Growth ofPhaseolus vulgarison Various Nitrogen Sources: The Importance of Urease

Hine, J. C. and Sprent, J. I. 1988. Growth of Phaseolus vulgaris on various nitrogen sources: the importance of urease.—J. exp. Bot. 39: 1505 -1512. Rhizobium-moculated plants of Phaseolus vulgaris L. were growo with different N-sources (nitrate, ammonium, urea) and different concentrations of urea. The distribution of growth between plant parts varied with N-sources. Nitrate and ammonium were more inhibitory to nodulation than urea, which at 4 0 mol m-3 N had no effect. Urease activity varied in amount and location over a range of urea concentrations. At higher concentrations, more urea was transported to and increased urease activity was found in the shoot. Lower levels of activity in plants reliant on N2-fixation were consistent with a ureide-degradation pathway not involving urea. Moderate doses of urea could be assimilated concomitantly with N2-fixation. At higher levels of applied urea, nodulation and ureide transport to the shoots were reduced, although increased growth could not be maintained at concentrations of applied urea greater than 60 mol m-3 urea N.

Phaseolus vulgaris Growth in an Ammonium‐Based Nutrient Solution with Variable Calcium1

AbstractField observations of tests where Ca was added with urea fertilizers have suggested a synergistic effect on plant growth beyond that expected from Ca control of NH3 volatilization and the nutritive effect of Ca. A study was designed to test the hypothesis that Ca stimulates NH4 absorption by plants. Greenhouse experiments were conducted with Phaseolus vulgaris (Great White Northern bean) in quartz sand with 5% CaCO3 to determine the effects of variable Ca concentration on plant growth in an NH4‐based nutrient solution. Ammonium absorption increased with increasing Ca to 13 mmol L−1, as indicated by decreasing NH4 concentration in the leachate, and increased plant growth. Tissue N was unchanged as solution Ca concentration increased. Potassium accumulation in the plant behaved much like N, whereas the Ca level increased with increasing solution Ca concentrations.

Effects of SO 2 on stomatal conductance and growth of Phaseolus vulgaris

Exposure of intact pinto beans Phaseolus vulgaris L. and those with cotyledons removed immediately after germination to 0·15, 0·25 and 0·50 ml litre −1 SO 2 at an identical dose (0·5 ml litre −1 h −1 day −1) for four weeks reduced leaf area, shoot and root dry weights and increased shoot/root ratios and specific leaf areas in all exposed plants. Bean plants with cotyledons removed were smaller than intact plants, but responses to SO 2 were similar in both groups. Increasing the concentration of SO 2 reduced growth to a greater degree than increasing the duration of exposure. Stomatal conductances decreased immediately after exposure as a function of increased concentration of SO 2 but conductances returned to control levels one day after termination of exposures. Reductions in stomatal conductance in response to SO 2 were proportional to reductions in plant growth. These results support the concept that SO 2 at dosages below levels at which foliar injury symptoms develop can decrease stomatal conductance, reduce plant growth and alter partitioning of dry matter into leaves, shoots and roots. These results do not support the contention that slower growing plants show greater growth responses to SO 2 than more rapidly developing plants.

Nodulation and growth ofPhaseolus vulgaris in solution culture

Conditions and techniques for achieving good nodulation ofPhaseolus vulgaris L. in continuously aerated solution were developed from greenhouse experiments.

Acidity and Aluminum Restraints on Nodulation, Nitrogen Fixation, and Growth of Phaseolus vulgaris in Solution Culture

AbstractThe effects of acidity and aluminum (Al) on nodulation, nitrogen (N) fixation, and bean shoot and root growth were studied in solution and sand culture in greenhouse experiments to help explain the frequent failure of N2‐dependent bean in acid soils. Aluminum concentrations were maintained in solution by keeping low levels of phosphorus (P) at pH 4.5.Concentrations of Al up to 83 µM did not affect root dry weight, nodule growth, and nitrogenase activity of either bean cultivar tested. Low levels of Al (19 µM) increased taproot elongation but decreased total root length; at higher Al concentrations, the taproot also became stunted. Increasing CaCl2 from 0.2 to 2 mM in solution suppressed Al toxicity. Shoot growth was significantly decreased by 19 µM Al in P. vulgaris cv. Carioca but not in cv. Venezuela 350. Root colonization and/or infection by Rhizobium was reduced by Al concentrations >33 µM but was less sensitive than total root elongation or shoot growth.Solution culture pH in the range 4.5 to 5.5 did not affect nodule growth and nitrogenase activity, but a decrease in pH from 5.5 to 5.0 decreased number of nodules formed per plant from 60 to 10, indicating that pH can be a major limiting factor of early nodulation with the cultivars and Rhizobium strains tested.

Thigmomorphogenesis: The Interaction of Wind and Temperature in the Field on the Growth of Phaseolus vulgaris L.

Thigmomorphogenesis: The Interaction of Wind and Temperature in the Field on the Growth of Phaseolus vulgaris L.

The Effect of Salinity on Growth of Phaseolus vulgaris L.

The Effect of Salinity on Growth of Phaseolus vulgaris L.

The Effect of Salinity on Growth of Phaseolus vulgaris L.

The Effect of Salinity on Growth of Phaseolus vulgaris L.

Dark Germination and Seedling Growth in Monocots and Dicots of Different Photosynthetic Efficiencies in 2% and 20.9% O2

The stimulation of net photosynthesis by 1 to 4% 02 in socalled plants is well established and is believed to result from the suppression of photorespiration (16). Growth of Phaseolus vulgaris, Mimulus cardinalis, and the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha increased when aerial portions of the plants were maintained in low 02 compared with ambient air (1, 2). Photosynthesis in the leaves of efficient species is not enhanced by low 02 (4, 9) nor is growth stimulated (1, 2); this is not surprising since these species have either no photorespiration or show quite low rates (5, 14). The assumption is widely held that respiration suppressed by low 02 or stimulated by higher 02 concentrations is nonessential or wasteful in plants. We asked if this kind of respiration is characteristic of a species throughout development, e.g., during germination and early seedling growth. If this were true we could expect to deduce photosynthetic efficiency of seedlings soon after germination and thus improve the efficiency of screening for efficient plants. Alternatively, we might discover an associated respiration with the same oxygen requirement as photorespiration. Growth in darkness of the embryo of imbibed seeds can occur only if respiration releases energy and produces intermediates for synthesis of new tissue. We tested our hypotheses by observing growth in darkness soon after germination in 2% and 20.9% 02 of seedlings of 28 monocots and dicots classified as inefficient or efficient by photosynthetic characteristics.