Growth Of Phaseolus Vulgaris Research Articles

Xanthobacter autotrophicus and endophytic yeasts preventing greenhouse gases in the growth of Phaseolus vulgaris

Xanthobacter autotrophicus and endophytic yeasts preventing greenhouse gases in the growth of Phaseolus vulgaris

Impact of microbial consortium of Rhizobium tropici and Rhizobium mayense on the growth of Phaseolus vulgaris L.

The main objectives of the present investigation was to characterize and recognize potential indigenous Rhizobium spp. associated with red clover nodules, as well as to evaluate the influence of prospective rhizobia inoculation (individual and consortia) on common bean plant growth. Total of 8 rhizobia like bacteria were isolated and were investigated for their specific PGP traits, production of hydrolytic enzymes. Results revealed, four isolates synthesize IAA (22.3 ± 1.45 to 88.6 ± 1.45 μg mL−1), three isolates solubilized phosphate (40.69 ± 1.25 to 216.3 ± 1.31 μg mL−1), three isolates solubilized potassium, produced siderophore, and showed chitinase production, two isolates possess ACC deaminase activity, one isolate was able to solubilize zinc, 5 isolates produced β- 1, 3-glucanase (0.38 ± 0.005 to 2.82 ± 0.011 % units) and four isolates produced cellulase. Two bacterial isolates found to exhibit most of the PGP activities, were selected and identified on the basis of phenotypic, biochemical tests and 16S rRNA sequencing, as Rhizobium tropici IHTF-1 and Rhizobium mayense IHTF-2. Interaction of these potential rhizobium strains individually and consortia with common bean plants under greenhouse conditions boosted root and shoot length, fresh and dry biomass compared to un-inoculated control plants. SEM study revealed that both the strains, IHTF-1 and IHTF-2 colonized common bean roots. These results imply that Rhizobium spp., identified in this work, can be used as bio-inoculants to increase common bean plant production in a sustainable way.

Effect of Eco-Friendly Application of Bee Honey Solution on Yield, Physio-Chemical, Antioxidants, and Enzyme Gene Expressions in Excessive Nitrogen-Stressed Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Plants.

Excessive use of nitrogen (N) pollutes the environment and causes greenhouse gas emissions; however, the application of eco-friendly plant biostimulators (BSs) can overcome these issues. Therefore, this paper aimed to explore the role of diluted bee honey solution (DHS) in attenuating the adverse impacts of N toxicity on Phaseolus vulgaris growth, yield quality, physio-chemical properties, and defense systems. For this purpose, the soil was fertilized with 100, 125, and 150% of the recommended N dose (RND), and the plants were sprayed with 1.5% DHS. Trials were arranged in a two-factor split-plot design (N levels occupied main plots × DH- occupied subplots). Excess N (150% RND) caused a significant decline in plant growth, yield quality, photosynthesis, and antioxidants, while significantly increasing oxidants and oxidative damage [hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide (O2•-), nitrate, electrolyte leakage (EL), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels]. However, DHS significantly improved antioxidant activities (glutathione and nitrate reductases, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, proline, ascorbate, α-tocopherol, and glutathione) and osmoregulatory levels (soluble protein, glycine betaine, and soluble sugars). Enzyme gene expressions showed the same trend as enzyme activities. Additionally, H2O2, O2•-, EL, MDA, and nitrate levels were significantly declined, reflecting enhanced growth, yield, fruit quality, and photosynthetic efficiency. The results demonstrate that DHS can be used as an eco-friendly approach to overcome the harmful impacts of N toxicity on P. vulgaris plants.

Heavy metals and metalloids accumulation in common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.): A review

Heavy metals (HMs) and metalloids (Ms) such as arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb) represent serious environmental threats due to their wide abundance and high toxicity. Contamination of water and soils by HMs and Ms from natural or anthropogenic sources is of great concern in agricultural production due to their toxic effects on plants, adversely affecting food safety and plant growth. The uptake of HMs and Ms by Phaseolus vulgaris L. plants depends on several factors including soil properties such as pH, phosphate, and organic matter. High concentrations of HMs and Ms could be toxic to plants due to the increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as (O2•-), (•OH), (H2O2), and (1O2), and oxidative stress due to an imbalance between ROS generation and antioxidant enzyme activity. To minimize the effects of ROS, plants have developed a complex defense mechanism based on the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, CAT, GPX, and phytohormones, especially salicylic acid (SA) that can reduce the toxicity of HMs and Ms. This review focuses on evaluating the accumulation and translocation of As, Cd, Hg, and Pb in Phaseolus vulgaris L. plants and on their possible effects on the growth of Phaseolus vulgaris L. in soil contaminated with these elements. The factors that affect the uptake of HMs and Ms by bean plants, and the defense mechanisms under oxidative stress caused by the presence of As, Cd, Hg, and Pb are also discussed. Furthermore, future research on mitigating HMs and Ms toxicity in Phaseolus vulgaris L. plants is highlighted

Effect of Water TDS, on the Growth of Plant (Phaseolus vulgaris)

Water is the major constituent of life for the growth of animals and flora species. Water is available around the world with different Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) levels and minerals. On the basis of TDS, the hardness and softness of water are determined. (Underground water and oceanic water are found to have higher TDS than fresh water).
 Aim: To understand the effect of TDS on the growth of plant.
 Objectives: A study was conducted on the basis of the TDS of water to observe the effect of TDS on the growth of phaseolus vulgaris (kidney bean) plants and to check whether the water TDS is responsible for the growth of the plants or not.
 Methods: Water of different TDS levels was collected from Gwalior district (Gwalior, Gwalior fresh water Takenpur, and distilled water). Water has different TDS levels ranging from 95ppm (Parts Per Million), 750ppm, 2000ppm, distilled water with 0ppm TDS, and acidic distilled water (pH 3.5–4, by adding HCl acid). The kidney beans (phaseolus vulgaris) were purchased from a local mart and sowed into the washed sand with a neutral pH of 7, and the growth was observed under sunlight. (Each pot containing 7 beans).
 Results: The result of the experiment was positive as required, as the water TDS level affects the growth of plants. It has been observed that distilled water with a TDS of 0 ppm shows almost no growth, but a TDS of 750 ppm shows the maximum growth. Therefore, it has been concluded that TDS is also responsible for the growth of plants, and this practice can be done on a large scale also for the best result of growth.

Effect of Presowing Magnetic Field Stimulation on the Seed Germination and Growth of Phaseolus vulgaris L. Plants

Background: The problem of the influence of magnetic fields (FMs) on the growth and development of common bean plants is still far from being fully explained due to its complicated physical nature and the geometry of the seeds. FMs can practically penetrate through living organisms. Aim: The present work aimed to determine the effect of the presowing FM stimulation of common bean seeds on plant growth and development elements. Material and Methods: The present study was based on a field experiment carried out between the years 2015 and 2017 in Żyznów (N 49°81′, E 21°84′, 239 m above sea level). The experiment was carried out using three repetitions of the randomized block method. The experimental factor was the amount of exposure to FM seed stimulation: (I) 15 s, (II) 30 seconds, and (III) the control object without seed stimulation. The plant material of the study was a common bean: cv. Gold Saxa. Results: The biostimulation of the sources with an FM improved the germination energy, strength, and capacity of the seeds. The presowing FM stimulation of the common bean seeds favourably affected the fresh weight of the first and fifth leaves but did not affect their dry weight. The leaves’ collection dates measured the new first and fifth plates and their dry weight content. The collection dates of the leaves determined the level of the fresh weight of the first and fifth leaves and the content of their dry weight. Conclusions: The biostimulation of the seeds with the FM contributed to a higher germination capacity, energy, and strength of the common bean seeds. The highest level of the leaves’ fresh weight was achieved during full flowering, and the highest dry matter content of the leaves was found in the phase of pod setting.

Preparation and application of nanostructured carbon from oil fly ash for growth promotion and improvement of agricultural crops with different doses

Application of carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) in agricultural production has piqued the interest of researchers. However, despite the enormous importance of CNMs in plant development, little is known about the effects of carbon nanoparticle (CNP) doses on plant physiological responses. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to check the effects of nanostructured carbon derived from oil fly ash (COFA), which was derived for the first time from high-energy ball-milling followed by a sonication process, on Phaseolus vulgaris L. and Cicer arietinum L. plants. We evaluated the plant physiological and biochemical parameters of the COFA-treated seedlings. Two different doses (4 mg L−1 and 8 mg L−1) of COFA and a control were studied. The results indicated that the germination rate (%), shoot length, root length, pod length, leaf area, fresh weight and dry weight were increased with the addition of COFA. Likewise, COFA increased the contents of chlorophyll pigments (Chla, Chlb, carotenoids), proteins, and carbohydrates in both species compared to the control. Finally, these findings showed that a COFA treatment at 4 mg L−1 after ball milled-sonication in water (BMW4) constituted the best dose for growth and physiology. Our findings reveal that the novel strategy of COFA engineering led to a boost in the growth of Phaseolus vulgaris and Cicer arietinum. Our results have high potential for agricultural research and provide an impact on food security.

The reduction of the As and Pb phytotoxicity of a former mine technosol depends on the amendment type and properties

In remediation of metal(loid) polluted soils, it is crucial to improve soil conditions and reduce metal(loid) toxicity to permit plant growth. To do that, amendments, such as biochar, activated carbon, and redmud, can be applied to the soil. Their effects are dependent on their type and properties. The aims of this study were thus to evaluate the potential of diverse biochars, activated carbons, and redmuds to reduce phytotoxicity of a former mine technosol polluted with As and Pb. Two pots experiments were set up. The first one applied on Pontgibaud technosol ten biochars, eight activated carbons, and three redmuds, at 2% for the biochars and activated carbons and 1% for the redmud. Soil pore water properties (pH, electrical conductivity), metal(loid) mobility, and Phaseolus vulgaris growth were monitored. In a second experiment, the five best amendments, one redmud associated with two biochars and two activated carbons, selected based on their ability to improve soil conditions, immobilize metal(loid)s and improve plant growth, were applied. The same plant species was used and soil and plant parameters were measured. Results demonstrated that not all amendments were capable of ameliorating soil conditions and reducing soil phytotoxicity. Moreover, the five selected amendments (biochars from oak bark sapwood and bamboo, activated carbons from vegetal feedstock chemically activated and physically activated, modified redmud) showed good sorption capacity towards Pb, with maximum sorption capacity between 63 and 217 mg g−1, depending on the amendment, and their combined application led to better soil properties improvement than the single amendments. However, plant growth was only ameliorated further than a single application in the redmud-biochar combination but not in the association of redmud with activated carbon. This study is one of the first to deliver a rapid phytotoxicity test screening demonstrating that redmud associated with particular biochar could be beneficial in reducing the phytotoxicity of technosol polluted with As and Pb and thus allow plant growth and a phytomanagement process.

Improvement of Phaseolus vulgaris growth by inoculation with multifunctional native rhizobacteria isolated from rhizospheric soils in Gaza strip- Palestine

Improvement of Phaseolus vulgaris growth by inoculation with multifunctional native rhizobacteria isolated from rhizospheric soils in Gaza strip- Palestine

Allelopathic Effects of Sphaeranthus suaveolens on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Phaseolus vulgaris and Oryza sativa

Weeds with allelopathic effect have been reported to cause significant damage in agriculture particularly in smallholder farming systems. This study assessed the allelopathic effects of different concentrations of crude extract of a noxious weed Sphaeranthus suaveolens on seed germination and seedling growth of Phaseolus vulgaris and Oryza sativa by examining germination, seedling height, and total chlorophyll content after seven and fourteen days of crude extract treatment, respectively. Results showed that seed germination and seedling growth were significantly ( p < 0.001 ) decreased with increase in concentration of crude extract, signifying concentration dependency. Highest concentration (100%) of S. suaveolens crude extracts resulted in 90% and 100% inhibition of P. vulgaris and O. sativa seed germination, respectively. Chlorophyll content, fresh weight, and root and shoot length of both P. vulgaris and O. sativa were also significantly ( p < 0.001 ) affected by highest concentration (100%) of S. suaveolens crude extracts. Results from this study suggest that the extract of S. suaveolens contains water-soluble allelochemicals which significantly reduce growth and productivity of P. vulgaris and O. sativa.

Rhizobium phaseoli tolerant to insecticide on the growth of Phaseolus vulgaris

Rhizobium phaseoli tolerant to insecticide on the growth of Phaseolus vulgaris

Growth of Phaseolus vulgaris on brackish ground water using sub-surface membrane irrigation under variable climatic conditions

A subsurface membrane irrigation was used to germinate and cultivate seedlings of Phaseolus vulgaris (common beans) on brackish water under variable climatic conditions. Changes in the air vapour pressure deficit (VPD), representative of increased accumulative evaporative demand between autumn and summer, from 14.8 to 21.5 kPa over a 15 day growth period, resulted in an increase average daily water uptake of 1.4 to 2.5 mm/d. Increasing irrigation water salinity from 0.2 dS/m to 1.4 dS/m and 1.4 dS/m to 3.1 dS/m reduced initial water uptake by a factor of 1.8 and 3.1 respectively indicating an imposed osmotic resistance due to salt retention. Plant water uptake after the establishment of a root network at 15 days after sowing was 36% higher for irrigation systems configured from the reverse osmosis (RO) membrane (flux 1.5 mm/d) compared to the forward osmosis (FO) at a salinity of 0.2 dS/m. The observed differences in flux can be attributed to distinct resistances imposed by the two membrane structures on water transport, although scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images also suggest an effect of membrane type on root structural development. More importantly, the use of both FO and RO resulted in a reduction of soil salt accumulation by 40% at the highest salinity of 3.1 dS/m, which reduced the projected decline in bean yield of 22.2% per dS/m to 5.6% per dS/m. This corresponds to an average increase in yield potential of 40% for cultivation of beans on irrigation water with a salinity of 3.1 dS/m. The paper demonstrates that subsurface membrane irrigation has the potential to accommodate the use of brackish water in a warmer and drier climate without compromising yield and exacerbating soil salinization.

Isolation and Identification of Phosphate Solubilizing Bacillus spp. from Tamarix ramosissima Rhizosphere and Their Effect on Growth of Phaseolus vulgaris Under Salinity Stress

The use of rhizobacteria associated with plant roots in extreme environments could be a promising strategy to overcome the limitations of crop production induced by soil salinity. In the present study, we isolated phosphate solubilizing bacteria from the rhizosphere of Tamarix ramosissima which is common native plants grown on a saline-alkaline site, to investigate the ability of these bacteria to alleviate salt stress in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Karnac) plants. Among 5 isolates could solubilize phosphate, we selected the two most efficiency isolates No. 4 (AL-18) and No. 2 (AL-19). The partial sequence of 16S rDNA genes and phylogenetic tree indicated that AL-18 and AL-19 related to Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus cereus respectively. B. megaterium AL-18 and B. cereus AL-19 could survive and solubilize inorganic phosphate up to 14% NaCl. Maximum solubilization of tri-calcium phosphate (TCP) by both strains was observed at 6% NaCl and pH 7. The effect of selected strains on common bean growth under salt stress was conducted in pots experiments under greenhouse condition. Growth parameters including root length, plant height, root and shoot dry weight, phosphate content in plants and photosynthetic pigments were significantly increased by single and dual inoculation of the two selected strains under salt stress conditions. In conclusion, our results showed that inoculation of Phaseolus vulgaris with B. megaterium AL-18, B. cereus AL-19 isolated from the rhizosphere of Tamarix ramosissima, can alleviate the deleterious effects of salinity and improve plant growth, phosphate uptake and photosynthetic pigments under salt stress conditions, which were demonstrated in vivo. However, field experiments under natural conditions are needed to study the mechanisms by which the identified strains induce salinity tolerance in plants.

Potential of Fish Pond Sediments Composts as Organic Fertilizers

Increased fish pond production is associated with the generation of various waste including fish pond sediments. Fish pond sediments could be a valuable source of nutrients for growing plants, however they require further processing in order to be applied to soil. Composting is considered one of the methods for processing fish pond sediments. The aim of this work was to investigate the potential of organic fish pond sediments to be managed through laboratory composting with selected waste materials and evaluate the fertilizing potential of the obtained compost. The scope included: (1) analysis of organic fish pond sediments, (2) laboratory composting of organic fish pond sediments with wheat straw and green grass, (3) analysis of the obtained composts, (4) preparation of growing media with selected additives, (5) analysis of the properties of the prepared growing media and (6) analysis of the effect of the investigated growing media on the growth of Phaseolus vulgaris L. in pot experiments. The addition of cardboard waste and woodchips derived biochar to the obtained compost improved significantly the growth of the roots of Cardamine L. Also, the content of carbon and nitrogen in the compost mixtures increased. The addition of M1 (compost from organic fish pond sediments and 1% of biochar) to the soil had a significant impact on the growth of white beans.Graphic

Stress induced by lead in the growth of Phaseolus vulgaris L. cnary and panamite varieties

Stress induced by lead in the growth of Phaseolus vulgaris L. cnary and panamite varieties

Plant growth-promoting potential of bacteria associated to pioneer plants from an active volcanic site of Chiapas (Mexico)

The use of microbial inoculants is an effective biotechnological alternative to increase crop productivity. In this work we studied the diversity of the Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria (PGPB) associated with pioneer plants that grow at the surroundings of the crater-lake of El Chichón volcano. Cheilanthes aemula (Pteridaceae) and Andropogon glomeratus (Poaceae) plants were dominant in this area. A total of 80 endophytes and 128 strains from the rhizosphere were isolated using selective culture media, and then characterized phenotypically. Isolates were tested for growth in high salt concentrations, at different pH and in moderate concentrations of heavy metals. The genetic diversity and identity of the strains were revealed by BOX_PCR and by sequencing of 16S rRNA gene. A. glomeratus isolates were classified within the genera Brevibacillus, Sinomonas, Sphingobium, Chryseobacterium, Pantoea, Ralstonia, Burkholderia, Serratia, Bacillus, Sphingomonas and Methylobacterium using 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis. C. aemula isolates were grouped into the genera Dyella, Burkholderia, Microbacterium, Enterobacter, Exiguobacterium, Pandoraea, Methylobacterium, Kocuria and Agrobacterium. The rhizospheric and endophytic strains were distinguished by their ability to produce different extracellular enzymes. The extremophile isolates had the ability to produce indole compounds (IAA), solubilize phosphate, synthesize siderophores, ACC deaminase and nitrogenase and showed a positive effect on the growth of Phaseolus vulgaris and upon the total content of nitrogen and phosphorus of plants. The diversity of bacteria associated to the pioneer plants had multifunctional qualities as PGPB that may contribute to their adaptation and proliferation at this active volcano and be used efficiently as biofertilizers to promote plant growth in organic farming systems

Plant and Microbial Growth Responses to Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Carbon nanotubes, made of graphene, one of the world’s strongest material, has shown properties that are used in applications such as energy storage devices, electron emission devices, and environmental engineering application. Recently, researchers have focused on determining the effects of carbon nanotubes on soil microorganisms and plants.Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine if the multi-walled carbon nanotubes will affect the growth of Phaseolus vulgaris as well as inhibit the growth of select soil microbes.Methods: The effects of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes were determined on bean plants grown under hydroponic conditions and on select soil microbes. Two weeks after germination, the plants were exposed to different concentrations of dispersed multi-walled carbon. The different concentrations were 0 ug (control), 50 μg, 250 μg, 500 μg, 750 μg and 1000 μg mLˉˡ. The growth was reported weekly by measuring the plants themselves, the diameter of the leaf, length and width, the roots, and the fruits. Cultures of Mesorhizobium sp. and Nitrosomonas stercoris were exposed to the 0 μg (control), 50 μg, 250 μg, 500 μg, 750 μg and 1000 μg mLˉˡ of dispersed MWCNTs then incubated in the BioScreen reader. The optical density was reported every 30 minutes for 24 hours.Results: Our results showed that at 50 μg/mL, bean plants exhibited tolerance to the multi-walled carbon nanotubes whereas at 250 μg/mL and 500 μg/mL of MWCNTs plants showed reduced growth and development and even plant death. Aliquots of 750 μg/mL and above of MWCNTs lowered the microbial biomass. The presence of high concentrations of carbon nanotubes is likely to cause stress to microbes and the direct contact of CNTs with microbes could damage their cell membrane leading to cell death.Conclusion: As results of this study, the concentration of multi-walled carbon nanotubes should be set at a maximum of 500 μg mLˉˡ when being released to the soil or environment.

A study on controlling Setaria viridis and Corchorus olitorius associated with Phaseolus vulgaris growth using natural extracts of Chenopodium album

Abstract The effects of water extracts of Chenopodium album leaves and roots on the growth of grass weed (Setaria viridis) and broad leaf weed (Corchorus olitorius) grown with beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) in greenhouse pots were studied in the National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt. In this experiment fresh leaf and root extracts and their corresponding dry leaf and root extracts at different concentrations were used. There were significant inhibitions in the dry weights of S. viridis and C. olitorius by all extracts at the flowering stage of beans and at harvest. The inhibition effect of all C. album extracts on both weeds (dry weight/pot) depended on the extracted plant organ (leaf or root), its fresh or dry form as well as its concentrations. The inhibition caused by the leaf extract was much higher on weed growth than that of root extract. A higher concentration of fresh leaf extract (25%) had the highest significant inhibition effect. The results also indicated that C. olitorius was more sensitive to the extracts than S. viridis. On the other hand, the inhibition effect of the extracts on the growth of both weeds was accompanied by increased bean growth and yield/plant. The analysis of both leaf and root extracts of C. album revealed that the total content of polyphenols and flavonoids in the leaf extract was more than triple that of the root extract. The results suggested that the fresh leaf extract of C. album may be a possible tool for the development of weed control using natural herbicides.

Bioremediation of oil contaminated soil by Pseudomonas putidaP11 and tests on efficacy of plant growth

In this present study contaminated soil was degraded using Pseudomonas and NPKFertilizer. Normal soil and contaminated soil were degraded by using Pseudomonas and then Contaminated soil was degraded by using Pseudomonas and NPK fertilizer. All the samples were incubated for 18 days. As a result microbial degradation was increased, pH was decreased and also macro nutrients, microbial count, The growth of Phaseolus vulgaris was tested, phytochemical, chlorophyll content was increased. Pseudomonas has the ability to degrade hydrocarbon present in the contaminated soil by the addition of NPK fertilizer. The rate of degradation of contaminated soil was enhanced by Pseudomonas putidaP11. Keywords: Bioremediation, Oil contaminated soil, Pseudomonas putida, Phaseolus vulgaris

Interaction between Meloidogyne incognita and Pochonia chlamydosporia and their effects on the growth of Phaseolus vulgaris

An experiment was conducted to test the effect of different doses of 2, 4 and 8 g/2 kg of soil of Pochonia chlamydosporia against the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) on Phaseolus vulgaris. It was observed that inoculation of plant with the nematode alone, and 15 days prior to fungal inoculation, reduced the plant growth when compared with the plant with fungal application followed by the nematode. Plant length, fresh and dry weight, chlorophyll, carotenoid, protein contents and nitrate reductase activity decreased in nematode-infested plants. Application of higher dose of 8 g/2 kg of soil of P. chlamydosporia increased all the plant growth parameters as well as biochemical parameters. Highest number of galls per root system was recorded on the plants infested with nematode but not treated with the fungus. However, application of fungus prior to nematode inoculation improved the plant growth and reduced the number of galls and the number of egg masses per root system.