Seeds Phaseolus Research Articles

The influence of kinetin on the endogenous content of indoleacetic acid in swelling seeds of Phaseolus, Zea and Pinus and young plants of Phaseolus

AbstractTreatment of different plant materials, seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris, Zea mays and Pinus silvestris and young plants of Phaseolus, with kinetin increased the level of extractable IAA. For seeds this increase was most pronounced in bean seeds, which contained the lowest amount of endogenous IAA and cytokinins, and lower in maize seeds with high endogenous content of IAA and cytokinins. – For young bean plants the kinetin treatment significantly increased the extractable amounts of IAA from all parts of the plant, hypocotyls, cotyledons, epicotyls and primary leaves, when the cut plants were placed for 24 h in kinetin solution. For plants sprayed with kinetin solution only the primary leaves showed a significantly higher level of extractable IAA, which could be explained by the fact that the plants were growing very close together, so that the primary leaves received most of the kinetin during spraying.

Isolation of isoflavonoid phytoalexins from seeds ofPhaseolus vulgaris L.

Bean seeds challenged withRhizoctonia solani or exposed to natural microflora yielded the isoflavonoid phytoalexins: phaseollin, phaseollidin, phaseollinisoflavan, coumestrol and kievitone. The data suggest that seeds may have the major host-defence factors of a plant.

Dormancy studies in black gram (Phaseolus mnngo L.)

Mechanical scarification of seeds ofPhaseolus mungo L. resulted in 100 per cent gormination in comparison to 90 per cent dormant control. Seeds treated with concentrated sulphuric acid for 8 min led to 85 per cent germination. Heat treatment at 70 °C for 24 h exhibited 75 per cent gormination, while boiled water treatment for 7 min caused 65 per cent germination.

THE EFFECT OF COTYLEDONS ON CHLOROPLAST DEVELOPMENT IN PRIMARY LEAVES OF PHASEOLUS VULGARIS

SummaryWhen seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris are allowed to develop normally in fruits on the mature plant, the plastids in the primary leaves of the embryo within the seed do not develop into mature chloroplasts. However, when the developing seeds are removed from the parent plants, the cotyledons detached, and the embryonic axes grown on agar, primary leaf plastids differentiate into mature chloroplasts within 7 days. In embryos with attached cotyledons, and similarly grown for a week on agar, plastids fail to differentiate.In primary leaves of dormant seeds allowed to germinate on agar, lamellar development begins earlier in seedlings from which the cotyledons have been removed than in those with attached cotyledons, although there is no significant difference between the two groups of seedlings in the time required for the chloroplasts to become fully mature. Plastid differentiation in primary leaves of developing seeds of Phaseolus therefore appears to be inhibited initially by the presence of the cotyledons. This inhibitory effect apparently declines during seed ripening and dormancy.

Solubility characteristics of globulins from Phaseolus seeds in regard to their isolation and characterization

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolubility characteristics of globulins from Phaseolus seeds in regard to their isolation and characterizationS. M. Sun and Timothy C. HallCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1975, 23, 2, 184–189Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1975https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60198a004RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views354Altmetric-Citations63LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts

Precipitation Reactions Between Components of Plant Tissue Extracts

Precipitation lines are observed on gel-diffusion plates between many pairs of seed extracts. Interactions involving Canavalia ensiformis depend upon concanavalin A, and a number of extracts from other plant seeds contain a precipitant that mimics that lectin. Methyl a-D-mannopyranoside is a general inhibitor of the precipitation phenomenon and some form of protein-carbohydrate binding seems to be involved in all precipitations, although the exact nature of the macromolecules taking part is obscure. For the leguminous seeds Phaseolus vulgauis, Vicia faba and Cajanus cajan, precipitation reactions occur between extracts of cotyledons and extracts of tissues of the parent plants, even of the testa of the seeds. The nature of these reactions appears to be the same as those of the interspecies ones. Both types of reaction may be examples of ways in which plant cells recognize self from non-self. The material in P. vulgaris that reacts with concanavalin A is a group of globulin-like glycoproteins (5 % carbohydrate), heterogeneous in both charge and molecular weight but similar in overall amino acid analysis.

Possible role of phytohaemagglutinin in Phaseolus vulgaris L.

THE agglutination of erythrocytes by phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) from seeds of Phaseolus was first reported by Land-steiner and Raubitschek in 19081. Since then much work has been published on their effects on mammalian cells but little is known of their role in the plants from which they are derived. Saint-Paul2 suggested that PHA might be plant antibodies produced in response to antigenic stimulation by Rhizobium species, but his studies proved inconclusive. We have explored the possibility that the symbiotic relationship between Rhizobium phaseoli and beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is influenced by PHA. Our hypothesis is that PHA may bind the bacteria to the roots.

Chemical and microscopical investigations of the causes for cotyledonar ruptures in seeds ofPhaseolus vulgaris L.

Ausgehend von den Befunden fruherer Versuche, nach denen bei Bohnenkotyledonen ein Zusammenhang zwischen geringer Quellungsgeschwindigkeit ihres Zellinhaltes und BruchhAufigkeit besteht, wurden die Ursachen dieser verlangsamten Wasseraufnahme brechender Kotyledonen untersucht und auf deren Bedeutung bei der Entstehung der zum Kotyledonenbruch fuhrenden Spannungen geschlossen. In den brechenden Kotyledonen treten gro\ere Lipidmengen auf als in den nichtbrechenden. Die geringere Quellungsgeschwindigkeit der lufttrockenen brechenden Kotyledonen beruht wahrscheinlich auf einer Abschirmung der normalerweise stark quellfAhigen Aleuronkorner gegenuber dem eindringenden Wasser. Fur die Abschirmung sind Lipidsubstanzen verantwortlich, die dem Tonoplasten unmittelbar aufliegen. Mit zunehmendem Wassergehalt der Kotyledonen wird diese Lipidbarriere durch EntmischungsvorgAnge aufgehoben. Die sich daraus ergebende unterschiedliche Quellungsgeschwindigkeit von durchfeuchteten und trockenen Gewebebereichen fuhrt wAhrend des Quellvorganges zu Spannungen im Kotyledonengewebe. Die Spannungen sind bei den zu Quellbruchen neigenden B-Kotyledonen mit einem Anfangswassergehalt von 11% auf Grund der sich durch vorubergehende Abschirmung der Eiwei\-substanzen stArker Andernden Quellungsgeschwindigkeit erheblich gro\er als bei den nichtbrechenden F-Kotyledonen. In den B-Kotyledonen wird dabei die Gewebefestigkeit uberwunden, und es entstehen Querrisse im Keimblatt.

The Appearance of Lactic Acid in Phaseolus Seeds Germinating under Wet Conditions

Under normal conditions of germination, there is never much lactate in bean cotyledons, but when beans are germinated under wet conditions lactate accumu lates for about 30 h and then slowly disappears, as radicle emergence begins. Removal of the testae from soaked seeds prevents subsequent lactate accumula tion. Lactate also appears in beans germinated under nitrogen. Lactate dehydrogenase activity is enhanced in wet or anaerobic conditions. Incubation with pyruvate increased lactate dehydrogenase by 50 per cent. There was also a temporary accumulation of alcohol in beans grown under wet conditions. Under wet conditions the production of respiratory carbon dioxide was parti cularly slow during the period of lactate accumulation.

Utilization of Reserves in Germinating Phaseolus Seeds

the grain of barley and the nonendospermous seed of Phascolits have much in common, in a physiological sense. Thus, each contains a rather large store of reserve materials including starch, soluble carbohydrates and protein and in each powerful hydrolytic enzymes can be detected once germinationi is well under way. The object of the present study was to investigate 2 aspects of the germination and seedling growth of Phaseoluis to see whether they coniformed to the pattern of events already established for barley. In 1946 Brown (2, 3) observed that the embryo in barley did not increase in dry weight or nlitrogeni content in the early stages of germination. blut only later and rather abruptly somiie 48 to 56 hours after setting the grainis to germiiniate at 220:; hile Barnell ( 1 ) came to the colnclusioni that over the first 159 hours, twice as muclh of the dry weiglht translocated fromi the eindlospermii of barley to the embryo was used in growth as in respirationi. Experiments were set up to determinie whether the reserve materials were used in a similar fashioni ini Phaseolus where they are stored in the cotyledonis and translocated during germination from them to tbe root-shoot axis.

Effects of Gibberellins on Plant Growth and Development

Effects of Gibberellins on Plant Growth and Development

Structural and Metabolic After-Effects of Soaking Seeds of Phaseolus

1. Soaking seeds of dwarf bean in distilled water with aeration resulted in a considerable decrease in the rate of germination (appearance of the seedlings at the surface of the soil) for periods of soaking as short as 8 hours. Practically a complete failure of germination resulted from soaking periods of 7 to 9 days. 2. The soaking treatment resulted in a still further reduction in the number of mature plants produced, as some of the seedlings from the treated seeds were unable to reach maturity. 3. The soaking treatment resulted in a progressive decrease in growth and weight of the plants produced and an increase in the time required for the plants to reach maturity. 4. The seed treatment resulted in general in a modification of the leaf structure, the leaf blades of plants from treated seeds generally being thinner and more compact in structure than those of plants from untreated seeds. 5. The greater average thickness of the phloem and higher ratio of the phloem to the xylem in the stems of the plants...

Cyanogenesis in plants. Part IV .— The occurrence of phaseolunatin in common flax ( Linum usitatissimum )

In Part III of this series of paper it was shown that the seeds of Phaseolus lunatus , as produced by the uncultivated plant in Mauritius, contained a new cyanogenetic glucoside, phaseolunatin, which was proved to have the constitution of a dextrose ether of acetonecyanhydrin. Phaseolunatin was further shown to undergo hydrolysis by mineral acids or by the action of the characteristic, emulsin-like enzyme also present in the seeds, yielding, as final products, acetone, hydrocyanic acid, and dextrose. This decomposition of the glucoside by the enzyme takes place when the ground seeds of Phaseolus lunatus are mixed with water, and from such a preparation it is comparatively easy to isolate and identify the hydrolytic products, acetone, and hydrocyanic acid. The simultaneous production, therefore, of these two substances from plants by mere contact with water may be taken as indicating the occurrence in such plants of phaseolunatin or some similar derivative of acetonecyanhydrin, and of an enzyme capable of decomposing this compound under the condition specified.