Mixture Of Phases Research Articles

Composition-Dependent Voltage-Driven OFF-ON Switching of Ferromagnetism in Co-Ni Oxide Microdisks.

Magneto-ionics, which refers to the modification of the magnetic properties of materials through electric-field-induced ion migration, is emerging as one of the most promising methods to develop nonvolatile energy-efficient memory and spintronic and magnetoelectric devices. Herein, the controlled generation of ferromagnetism from paramagnetic Co-Ni oxide patterned microdisks (prepared upon thermal oxidation of metallic microdisks with dissimilar Co-Ni ratios, i.e., Ni25Co75 and Ni50Co50) is demonstrated under the action of voltage. The effect is related to the partial reduction of the oxide phases to their metallic forms. Samples richer in Co show stronger magneto-ionic activity, which manifests in lower-onset threshold voltages, faster switching rates, and larger values of the attained saturation magnetization. By means of scanning electron microscopy, a cobalt segregation phenomenon has been experimentally observed upon thermal oxidation, which has been theoretically discussed from the diffusivities' viewpoint. X-ray diffraction characterization has revealed transitions between purely mixed Ni and Co oxides, in the OFF state, to a mixture of oxide and metallic phases, in the ON state, because of the oxygen ion motion outward/inward the Co-Ni oxide microdisks, depending on the voltage polarity. Ab initio calculations reveal that the energy barrier for oxygen vacancy migration is lower in CoO than in NiO, in agreement with the obtained magneto-ionic responses. The observation of magneto-ionic effects in patterned disks (and not only in archetypical continuous films) is a step further for the practical utilization of this phenomenon in real miniaturized devices.

Effect of Minor Reinforcement with Ultrafine Industrial Microsilica Particles and T6 Heat Treatment on Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Matrix Composites

This study examines the use of ultrafine (~128 nm) microsilica (composed of a mixture of amorphous and microcrystalline silicon dioxide phases) particles, an industrial waste product, as a reinforcing material to create aluminum matrix composites (AMCs) via ultrasonic-assisted stir casting followed by T6 heat treatment. This study aimed to improve the mechanical properties of pure aluminum, which has insufficient strength for most engineering applications. The main objective of this study is to develop environmentally and economically efficient AMCs with improved properties, namely, the balance between strength and ductility, for further application in caliber rolling processes. Attention is also paid to minor reinforcements using a low concentration of microsilica (~0.36%wt), which minimizes the problems with the wettability of the reinforcing material particles. The composites reinforced with ultrafine microsilica exhibited enhanced mechanical performance, including a 59.7% increase in Vickers microhardness and a significant improvement in tensile strength, reaching 73 MPa. Additionally, T6 heat treatment synergistically improved ductility to 60.3% elongation while maintaining high strength, achieving a balanced performance suitable for forming processes. The study results confirm that using microsilica as a reinforcing material is an effective way to improve the performance of aluminum alloys, while minimizing costs and solving environmental problems.

Entropy Generation Modeling in Dynamic Local Thermal Non-Equilibrium Systems Using Neural Networks

The study of entropy generation in thermal non-equilibrium (TNE) states has significant implications for optimizing thermal management systems and understanding heat transfer mechanisms in permeable media. This study investigates the entropy properties in a thermal non-equilibrium (TNE) state within double-lid-driven enclosures filled with a permeable medium. Unlike the temperature equilibrium state, the entropy approach is described by two equations: one for the irreversibility of the mixture phase and one for the irreversibility of the medium phase. High mixed convection is considered due to the motion of the non-facing edges (left-side and upper edges). Four cases based on the direction of motion are examined: Case 1, where the left-side and top edges move in the negative and positive directions of the Y- and X-axes, respectively; Case 2, where the upper and left-side edges move in the negative and positive directions of the X- and Y-axes, respectively; and Cases 3 and 4, where the edges move in the positive and negative directions of the respective axes. Heat generation within the flow domain is considered for both the suspension and medium phases. The governing system is solved numerically using finite volume techniques with the SIMPLER algorithm. The obtained data are used to predict key quantities, such as the heat transfer rate, under the influence of major factors using an effective artificial neural network (ANN) analysis. The main findings show that the solid phase entropy is higher in Case 3 compared to the other cases. Additionally, Case 2 results in a minimum solid phase Nusselt coefficient at the center of the active boundary.

Insulator phases of Bose-Fermi mixtures induced by intraspecies next-neighbor interactions

Insulator phases of Bose-Fermi mixtures induced by intraspecies next-neighbor interactions

Optimization of Plasma Welding Sequence and Performance Verification for a Fork Shaft: A Comparison of Same-Direction and Reverse-Direction Welding.

The shift fork shaft is a key component in transmissions, connecting the shift fork in order to adjust the gear engagement. This study investigates the effects of different welding sequences on deformation and residual stress during plasma welding of the shift fork shaft. A temperature-displacement coupled finite element method, using ABAQUS simulation software and a double ellipsoid heat source model, was employed for the numerical analysis. The simulation results show that welding in the same and opposite directions leads to opposite deformation directions but similar deformation magnitudes. However, opposite-direction welding generates more significant stress concentration. After determining an optimal welding process, experimental welding was conducted. Microstructural observations of the weld seam and critical areas, along with mechanical property tests, revealed that the welds were well formed with no surface defects. The heat-affected zone (HAZ) exhibited a mixture of martensitic and non-martensitic phases, while the fusion zone (FZ) underwent phase transformation and recrystallization, forming fine-grained ferrite with martensite. Microhardness (HRC) in the weld seam ranged from 35 to 50, with the FZ and HAZ hardness higher than that of the base material (BM). The second weld pass showed significantly higher hardness in the FZ than the first pass. The tensile strength of the weld joint reached 94% of the base material strength, though plasticity and toughness were reduced. Fracture surface analysis indicated a combination of brittle cleavage and localized plastic deformation.

Prediction of pure and mixture thermodynamic properties and phase equilibria using an optimized equation of state – Part 2: Vapor pressure modelling and extension to mixtures

Prediction of pure and mixture thermodynamic properties and phase equilibria using an optimized equation of state – Part 2: Vapor pressure modelling and extension to mixtures

Mechanical Synthesis and Calorimetric Studies of the Enthalpies of Formation of Chosen Mg-Pd Alloys.

Despite many years of research and continuous improvements in scientific equipment, some of the thermodynamic properties of binary systems are still unknown, or are only theoretically predicted or calculated. This situation often arises from the difficulties in preparing alloys for experimental measurements. The alloys from the Mg-Pd system, especially for the Pd-rich side, are difficult to produce, and the availability of thermodynamic data is very limited. Therefore, this paper presents calorimetric studies on the standard enthalpy of formation of alloys from the Mg-Pd system, which were prepared using mechanical alloying. Three alloys (S1, S2, and S3) were synthesized, homogenized, and subjected to X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis to investigate their phase composition. The XRD studies showed that the alloys designated as S1 and S2 were the intermetallic phases Mg6Pd and Mg0.9Pd1.1, and the S3 sample was a mixture of MgPd and MgPd3 intermetallic phases. Their heat effects, measured by drop calorimetry, were used to calculate the values of the standard enthalpies of formation of the prepared phases. The values obtained were as follows: -27.5 ± 1.1 kJ/mol at. for the Mg6Pd intermetallic phase, -72.7 ± 1.0 kJ/mol at. for the Mg0.9Pd1.1 intermetallic phase, and -46.8 ± 1.5 kJ/mol at. for the alloy which was a mixture of MgPd and MgPd3. These data were compared with values from the existing literature on the enthalpy of formation of alloys, as well as with data calculated using Miedema's model.

A preliminar study on RVE homogenization for phase-field multiscale analysis

Despite the phenomenological approach presents excellent results in material behavior analysis, real-world materials are inherently heterogeneous. A material is considered heterogeneous when, at a particular observation scale, it becomes feasible to discern multiple mixture phases within it. This level of observation is commonly referred to as the microscale, where interactions between constituents occur, ultimately leading to the emergence of cracks.Modeling a material at the microscale begins with defining a Representative Volume Element (RVE), which is the smallest part of the material that is large enough to statistically represent the entire mixture. This ensures that other samples of the same size exhibit similar properties with minor variations. The analysis of the RVE leads to obtaining the effective properties of a portion of the material. That process is called homogenization.Modeling a RVE can be a challenging task, as it requires the use of highly refined meshes to accurately capture the geometric representation of all mixture components. Therefore, phase-field models present themselves as a suitable choice for this type of modeling, once due to the intrinsic features of its variational formulation, they already need refined meshes and do not present localization effects.Thus, the objective of this work is to model a heterogeneous RVE and obtain its homogenized properties. This homogenization of the material parameters is fundamental for the upscaling operation of multiscale analyses.All implementation were done in INSANE, an opensource software developed by the Engineering Structures Department (DEES) of Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG).

Research on the compressive mechanical behavior and constitutive model modification of novel refractory high-entropy alloy (Ti2Zr)1.5NbVAl0.25

Abstract In recent years, high-entropy alloys have been widely applied across various fields. To explore the mechanical properties of high-entropy alloys and their characteristics under extreme environments, ingots of a quinary high-entropy alloy (Ti2Zr)1.5NbVAl0.25 were prepared. The material’s compression mechanical properties were studied under quasi-static conditions at room temperature with strain rates ranging from 0.001s−1 to 0.1s−1, dynamic compression at strain rates ranging from 1300s−1 to 3100s−1, and compression at a strain rate of 1900s−1 and temperatures from -80°C to 400°C. Impact specimens subjected to strain rates of 1300s−1 and 3100s−1 at room temperature were recovered for metallographic analysis. The results indicate that (Ti2Zr)1.5NbVAl0.25 exhibits significant strain-hardening behavior and strain rate sensitivity. Under medium to high strain rates, the alloy undergoes a phase transformation from a single-phase BCC structure to a mixture of BCC and B2 phases upon impact, with 2500s−1 being the threshold strain rate for phase transformation. The original parameters of the Johnson-Cook constitutive model were fitted based on experimental data, and modifications were made to the strain rate hardening and temperature terms in the original model. The modified Johnson-Cook constitutive model demonstrates improved prediction of the mechanical properties of (Ti2Zr)1.5NbVAl0.25 high-entropy alloy at both room temperature and under extreme environments.

Elucidation of Structural Phase Diagram of SrFeO3-δ -Evidence of Miscibility Gap and Effect of Structural Phase Transition on Electrical Conduction Behavior

The crystal structures of SrFeO2.875 and SrFeO2.75 at room temperature are tetragonal and orthorhombic distorted perovskite, respectively, with ordered oxide ion vacancies. It was reported that SrFeO3-δ underwent the structural phase transition to cubic with random oxide ion distribution around 300 ºC. However, there are contradictions in literature on the phase transition temperature. It was probably because the preparation method for specimens with homogeneous oxygen content was not established. In this work, SrFeO3-δ specimens with homogeneous oxygen content was prepared and their crystal structures and phase transition behavior were investigated by X-ray diffraction, Mössbauer spectroscopy, TG-DTA, and DSC. The structural phase diagram of SrFeO3-δ on oxygen content and temperature was proposed and existence of miscibility gap and its disappearance with increasing temperature were clarified. Impact of the phase transition on electrical conductivity was also investigated.The SrFeO3-δ samples were prepared by Pechini method. SrCO3 was dissolved in dilute HNO3. Fe(NO3)3•9H2O, whose purity was verified with mass of Fe2O3 after heating at 800 ºC, was dissolved in distilled H2O. The dissolved raw materials were mixed with nominal composition. After addition of citric acid and ethylene glycol, the solution was heated, resulting in precursor, which was calcined at 750 ºC for 17 h in air. The obtained powder was pressed into pellet and sintered at 1200 ºC for 17 h in air. The phase of the pellet was confirmed to be single perovskite structure by X-ray diffraction measurements. Oxygen content in the pellet was determined to be 2.872 by iodometric titration. For preparation of the specimens with controlled oxygen content, 3-δ, some pellets were annealed in air at 400-800 ºC followed by quenching into liquid N2. The oxygen content, determined by iodometric titration, agreed with ones prospected by TG curves measured in air, indicating specimens with homogeneous oxygen content were obtained. For preparation of the specimens with larger oxygen content, some pellets were annealed at 400 ºC in O2/N2 mixed gas with O2 partial pressure of 0.35 atm or more. The crystal structures of the specimens with controlled oxygen content were evaluated by X-ray diffraction and Mössbauer spectroscopy. TG-DTA, DSC and X-ray diffraction at high temperature were performed to clarify the phase transition behavior. The electrical conductivity was measured at high temperature for investigation of impact of the phase transition.The oxygen content of the specimens quenched from 400 ºC and 600 ºC were 2.87 and 2.76, respectively. X-ray diffraction measurements revealed that the former and the latter specimens were single phase of tetragonal and orthorhombic perovskite. The Mössbauer spectrum of the former specimen was composed of Fe4+ in pyramid, Fe4+ and Fe3.5+ in octahedron, with mean Fe valence of 3.75+. That of the latter one was composed of Fe4+ in pyramid and Fe3+ in octahedron with mean Fe valence of 3.50+. The former and the latter Mössbauer spectra showed agreement with structural parameters of tetragonal and orthorhombic SrFeO3-δ , respectively. The specimens with oxygen content between 2.76 and 2.87 were successfully prepared by controlling quenching temperature between 400 and 600 ºC. The X-ray diffraction patterns and Mössbauer spectra indicated that the specimens with oxygen content between 2.76 and 2.87 was mixture of tetragonal and orthorhombic perovskite. Content of orthorhombic phase systematically decreased with increasing oxygen content, indicating miscibility gap existed between tetragonal and orthorhombic phase. By annealing under oxygen partial pressure of 0.35 atm or more, the specimens with mixture of tetragonal and cubic were obtained, showing miscibility gap also existed between tetragonal and cubic phase.TG-DTA, DSC, and high temperature X-ray diffraction revealed that tetragonal single phase and orthorhombic one underwent the reversible phase transition to cubic perovskite at 300 ºC and 420 ºC, respectively. For the specimens identified as mixture of the both phases, phase transition from tetragonal to cubic was observed at 300 ºC; whereas the DTA and DSC peaks identified as the phase transition from orthorhombic to cubic was broad and its temperature decreased with increasing content of tetragonal phase. Fig. 1 shows the proposed phase diagram of SrFeO3-δ . The stable phase below 300 ºC was only cubic SrFeO3, tetragonal SrFeO2.875, and orthorhombic SrFeO2.75. The miscibility gaps existed between cubic and tetragonal and between tetragonal and orthorhombic phases. The miscibility gap between tetragonal and orthorhombic phase disappeared and cubic perovskite phase was obtained above the temperature between 300 ºC and 420 ºC, which increased with increasing orthorhombic content. The slight but sudden increase of electrical conductivity was observed at the phase transition from tetragonal to cubic, which will be minutely reported at the presentation. Figure 1

Synthesis of Transition Metal Carbide Catalysts for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

Water electrolysis is one of the most promising ways for hydrogen production. Transition metal carbides are regarded as potential candidates to replace state-of-art but expensive platinum-group catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Considering the excellent electrochemical stability of TiC, a bimetallic VTiC with minor percentage of Ti would increase stability. Vanadium carbides were prepared from commercially available TiC as carbon sources and supports at 1000°C (denoted as VxTiC-1000°C) and 1100°C (denoted as VxTiC-1100°C). As shown in Figure 1a, VxTiC-1000°C and VxTiC-1100°C are a mixture of V8C7 and (Ti0.3V1-0.3)2O3 phases. While VxTiC-1000°C contains some unreacted TiC. Figure 1b shows numerous flakes grown on the particle surface of VxTiC that are expected to possess extremely large surface area. There is no phase change for VxTiC before and after treated in 3 M H2SO4 at 80 °C which means that VxTiC is acid resistant. Stability tests for VxTiC performed in 0.5 M H2SO4 up to 1.4 V exhibit excellent electrochemical stability and catalytic activity of VxTiC toward HER.Figure 1. (a) X-ray diffraction patterns and (b) scanning electron microscopy image of VxTiC. Acknowledgments Authors are grateful to the Office of Naval Research (award N00014-19-1-2159, N00014-120-1-2270). Figure 1

(Keynote) Toward High Performance Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules: Current Situation and Future Prospects

Organometal halide perovskite is one of the promising materials for the light-weight and high-efficiency solar cells. In this lecture, current situation and future prospects of the high performance perovskite solar cells and modules with high performance are summarized.The crystal structure of the organometal halide perovskite is important for both of the absorption and the photophysics, whereas the structural aspects within the simple organometal halide perovskite are still controversial issue. In our study, direct observation of the nanostructure of the thin film organometal halide perovskite using transmission electron microscopy was investigated. Unlike previous reports, it is identified that the tetragonal and cubic phases coexist at room temperature, and it is confirmed that superlattices composed of a mixture of tetragonal and cubic phases are self-organized without a compositional change. The organometal halide perovskite self-adjusts the configuration of phases and automatically organizes a buffer layer at boundaries by introducing a superlattice. These results show the fundamental crystallographic information for the organometal halide perovskite and demonstrates new possibilities toward high performance perovskite solar cells.Through the many studies related to the organometal halide perovskite solar cells, the composition of the organometal halide perovskite is recognised as one of the key factors in the improvement of the stability and efficiency. Many groups investigated mixed cation and mixed halogen perovskite absorber toward the high efficiency, whereas unexpected ion migration and/or phase segregation were observed. For the improvement of the stability, several approaches have been investigated. In our study, K+-doped perovskite is good for the stabilization with keeping relatively high performance. The small amount of K+ into the FA-MA double organic cation perovskite absorber improved the photovoltaic performance of the perovskite solar cells significantly, and the K+-doping diminished I-V hysteresis. The crystal lattice of the organometal halide perovskite was expanded with increasing of the K+ ratio, where both absorption and photoluminescence spectra shifted to the longer wavelength, suggesting that the optical band gap decreased. It is concluded that stagnation-less carrier transportation could minimise the I-V hysteresis of perovskite solar cells. The K+-doped perovskite can be stabilized to such an extent that they do not decompose after 10000 h of heating at 85 °C.

The electrochemical performance deterioration mechanism of LiNi0.83Mn0.05Co0.12O2 in aqueous slurry and a mitigation strategy

Integrating high-nickel layered oxide cathodes with aqueous slurry electrode preparation routes holds the potential to simultaneously meet the demands for high energy density and low-cost production of lithium-ion batteries. However, the influence of dual exposure to air and liquid water as well as the heating treatment during aqueous slurry electrode processing on the high-nickel layered oxide electrode is yet to be understood. In this study, we systematically investigate the structural evolution and electrochemical behaviors when LiNi0.83Mn0.05Co0.12O2 (NMC83) is subjected to aqueous slurry processing. It was observed that the crystal structure near the surface of NMC83 is partially reconstructed to contain a mixture of rock-salt and layered phases when exposed to water, leading to the deteriorated rate capability of the NMC83 electrodes. This partial surface reconstruction layer completely converts into a pure rock-salt phase upon cycling, accompanied by the release of O2, Ni leaching, catalyzed decomposition of the electrolyte, and the formation of a thick cathode electrolyte interphase layer. The byproducts of the electrolyte and dissolved Ni could shuttle to the Li metal side, causing a crosstalk effect that results in a thick and unstable solid electrolyte interphase layer on the Li surface. These in combination severely undermined the cycling stability of the NMC83 electrodes obtained from the aqueous slurry. A mitigation strategy using molecular self-assembly technique was demonstrated to enhance the surface stability of water-treated NMC83. Our findings offer new insights for tailoring ambient environment stability and aqueous slurry processability for ultra-high nickel layered oxide and other water-sensitive cathode materials.

Heterointerfaced Ni-Fe2O3 Nanoparticles Toward Water Oxidation in Alkaline Medium

Hydrogen is an attractive energy carrier with high energy density and without harmless burning products, leading to magnificent efforts to build the hydrogen production system. Accordingly, water electrolysis is one of the promising strategies to generate hydrogen without carbon emission, requiring highly active catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) due to its sluggish reaction kinetics than hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). To reduce overpotential and increase economic feasibility, Ni and Fe based catalysts have extensively studied due to their high OER activity as well as excellent stability in alkaline media. Many studies have controlled the morphological characteristics and electronic structures of Ni-Fe based OER catalysts to enhancing electrocatalytic performances. Particularly, interface formation is considered as one of the most significant aspects to design and obtain the desirable anode material.In this study, we synthesized colloidal Ni-Fe intermediate nanoparticles (NFI NPs) with various molar ratios between Ni and Fe. Unique physical mixture phase of NFI NPs was identified by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy energy dispersive spectroscopy (TEM EDS), displaying that their morphological characteristics as well as crystalline phases depending on the composition of Ni and Fe. Through washing processes, the Fe2O3 NPs were mainly aggregated around the metallic Ni NPs, meaning a formation of multiple contacts between Ni metal and Fe2O3 NPs. Subsequent annealing step turned the simple contacts to Ni-Fe2O3 heterointerfaces. Electrochemical performances were examined, revealing significantly lower OER overpotential (199 mV) at 10 mA cm-2 (75:25 sample) than that of the previous Ni-Fe catalysts. Among the products of various Ni and Fe ratio (from 100:0 to 0:100, molar ratio of metal precursors), the 75:25 sample presented the highest OER activity than the other samples. In addition, the 75:25 sample exhibited long-term durability under alkaline OER operation for 5 days, confirmed through chronopotentiometry analysis at 10 mA cm-2. We speculated that this outstanding OER performance of 75:25 sample was due to the electronic structure modulation through Ni-Fe2O3 heterointerfaces. The sample was further investigated through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to confirm the chemical states of catalyst surface. XPS results confirmed that oxyhydroxides were well formed on the metallic Ni sites than NiO, meaning that the Ni-Fe2O3 was more efficient catalyst than the NiO-Fe2O3. This work revealed that colloidally synthesized 75:25 sample having Ni-Fe2O3 heterointerfaces showed the highest OER performance among the samples we prepared. Furthermore, these results provide the insights to design the OER catalyst possessing heterointerfaces without precious metals.

Study of the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Steel Grades for Ship Hull Construction.

This paper comprehensively examines three structural steel grades' microstructural features and mechanical properties, evaluating their suitability for shipbuilding applications. The steels analyzed include quench and tempered (Q and T) steel, thermomechanical controlled processed (TMCP) steel, and hot rolled (HR) steel. A microstructural characterization was performed using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The analysis was complemented by extensive mechanical testing including assessments of hardness, tensile, and Charpy impact tests across a range of temperatures. Additionally, corrosion behavior was evaluated using the potentiodynamic polarization test. The findings revealed that Q and T grade steel exhibited the most refined microstructure, characterized by a complex mixture of ferrite, tempered martensite, upper bainite, and Fe3C phases. In contrast, the TMCP grade steel demonstrated a balanced microstructure of polygonal ferrite and pearlite. Meanwhile, the HR grade steel contained polygonal ferrite and aligned pearlite. The tensile testing results demonstrated that the Q and T grade steel had superior hardness, yield strength (YS), and ultimate tensile strength (UTS), although it exhibited the lowest elongation % (El %). The TMCP grade steel met all ABS standards for marine steels, displaying optimal YS, UTS, and El %. Despite the superior YS of the HR grade steel, it did not meet the necessary criteria for UTS. Charpy impact tests revealed that the TMCP grade steel exhibited the highest impact energy absorption across a range of temperatures. As a result, the TMCP grade steel emerged as the optimal choice for ship construction, fulfilling all ABS requirements with a balanced combination of strength, ductility, and impact energy absorption. Additionally, the potentiodynamic polarization results revealed that the Q and T grade steel demonstrated the highest corrosion resistance. Following Q and T steel, the HR grade steel ranked second in corrosion resistance, with TMCP steel closely behind, showing only a slight difference.

Thymoquinone loaded nanoemulgel in streptozotocin induced diabetic wound.

Aim: To treat diabetic wound healing with a novel Thymoquinone (TQ) loaded nanoformulation by using combination of essentials oils.Methods: TQ nanoemulsion (NE) was developed with seabuckthorn & lavender essential oils by phase inversion method and mixture design. Further, DIAGEL is obtained by incorporating NE into 1% carbopol®934. Furthermore, particle size, polydispersity index, thermodynamic stability studies, rheology, spreadability, drug content, in-vitro drug release, ex-vivo permeation, anti-oxidant assay, antimicrobial studies, angioirritance, HAT-CAM assay, in-vitro and in-vivo studies were determined.Results: NE has a particle size of 17.79±0.61nm, 0.206±0.012 PDI & found to be thermodynamically stable. DIAGEL exhibited pseudoplastic behavior, sustained drug release, better permeation of TQ and a drug content of 98.54±0.08%. DIAGEL stored for 6months at room temperature and 2-8°C showed no degradation. Further, an improved angiogenesis, absence of angio-irritancy, remarkable antioxidant and antimicrobial activities against Candida albicans & S. aureus were observed. Cytotoxicity analysis revealed nearly 2.28 -folds higherIC50 value than drug solution. Furthermore, inflammatory mediators were reduced in DIAGEL treated animal groups. The histopathological studies confirmed skin healing with regeneration and granulation of tissue.Conclusion: The novel formulation has strong anti-inflammatory, angiogenesis, antioxidant and appreciable diabetic wound healing properties.

Dynamics of cosmological phase crossover during Bose–Einstein condensation of dark matter in Tsallis cosmology

During the cosmic evolution process, as the temperature of a cosmological boson gas falls below a certain threshold, a Bose–Einstein condensation process can occur at various points throughout the cosmic history of the Universe. In this model, dark matter, conceptualized as a non-relativistic, Newtonian gravitational condensate is governed by the Gross–Pitaevskii–Poisson system. In our present study, we investigate the Bose–Einstein condensation process of bosonic DM by treating it as an approximate first-order phase transition within a modified cosmological framework, known as Tsallis cosmology. We examine the evolution of relevant physical quantities characterizing the evolution dynamics of the Universe, including energy density, temperature, redshift, scale factor, Hubble parameter, and dimensionless deceleration parameter before, during, and following the Bose–Einstein condensation phase transition takes place. Additionally, we especially investigate the specific era of the evolution of the Universe characterized by a mixture of normal and condensate phases of dark matter. We analyze the behavior of temporal evolution of an important time-dependent parameter, called the condensate dark matter fraction throughout the condensation process and find the time duration of condensation of dark matter in the Tsallis cosmological model. We see that the presence of Bose–Einstein condensate dark matter in the framework of Tsallis-modified cosmology significantly alters the cosmological evolution of the Universe as compared to the standard model of cosmology. We also find for a typical value of Tsallis non-extensive parameter β=0.35, the model could explain an accelerated Universe without invoking any additional energy component and solve the age problem of our Universe.

Performance-optimized and phase purity-improved high-n quasi-two-dimensional perovskite for green light-emitting diodes

Quasi-two-dimensional (quasi-2D) perovskite has the advantage of enlarging exciton binding energy and is more suitable for efficient perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs). However, the quasi-2D perovskite films deposited with solution methods are usually mixtures of multiple phases with different inorganic layer numbers (n), unfavorable to obtaining high emission efficiency. In this study, we selected formamidinium lead bromide (FAPbBr3) as the light emitter and (2-phenylethyl)ammonium cation (PEA+) as the long-chain organic spacer cation to prepare high-n (n = 9) quasi-2D perovskite films with improved phase purity. Based on the multiple cations mixed engineering, the quality of these films improved obviously by partly replacing FA+ with minute quantities of cesium cation (Cs+). The improvement focused on remarkably enhanced photoluminescence, few low-n phases, and decreased grain sizes. The green PeLED based on the performance-optimized and phase purity-improved high-n quasi-2D perovskite reached a high brightness of 28 960 cd/m2 together with a maximum current efficiency of 44.8 cd/A and a maximum external quantum efficiency of 9.99%.

Anderson localization of elementary excitations in disordered binary Bose mixtures: Effects of the Lee-Huang-Yang quantum and thermal corrections

We investigate analytically and numerically the Anderson localization of quasiparticles in binary Bose mixtures in the presence of the Lee-Huang-Yang quantum and thermal corrections subjected to correlated disordered potentials. We calculate the density profiles, the Bogoliubov quasiparticle modes, and the localization length in both the mixture and droplet phases. We show that for one-dimensional speckle potentials, the peculiar interplay of disorder and the Lee-Huang-Yang fluctuations may enhance localization in one component while inducing delocalization in the other. Our results reveal also that thermal fluctuations lead to the emergence of two and multiple localization maxima. In the droplet state, our findings indicate that the Anderson localization of quasiparticles is weak in the flat-top region since its excitation modes are restricted to those below the particle-emission threshold. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Characterisation of Fault-Related Mn-Fe Striae on the Timpa Della Manca Fault (Mercure Basin, Southern Apennines, Italy)

The Quaternary Mercure basin is a complex fault structure located in the Pollino region of the southern Apennines (Italy). A persistent seismic gap makes the Mercure basin structure one of Italy’s highest seismic risk zones. The southernmost termination of the Mercure basin is the Timpa della Manca fault. The fault’s mirror is characterised by distinctive, lineated, black-coloured striae decorating a cataclasite made of carbonate clasts. These black-coloured striae consist of a mixture of Mn phases, including hollandite, todorokite, birnessite, and orientite, which are associated with goethite and hematite along with minor amounts of phyllosilicates (chlorite, muscovite), quartz, and sursassite. This mineral association and their phase stability suggest that hydrothermal circulating fluids may have mobilised and re-precipitated low-temperature Mn hydrous phases within the shear zone, leaving remnants of higher-temperature minerals. Oceanic crust remnant blocks within the Frido Unit appear to be the most likely source of the Mn. The uniqueness of the Mn striae on the Timpa della Manca fault offers intriguing insights into fluid circulation within the Mercure basin tectonic system, with potential implications for the seismotectonic characteristics of the Pollino region.