Phase Angle Relationship Research Articles

Circadian Activity Patterns in the Desert Iguana, Dipsosaurus dorsalis

Daily locomotor activity patterns of the desert iguana, Dipsosaurus dorsalis, were recorded under light (L):dark (D) conditions of 12L:12D. These animals produced daily patterns which (a) were monophasic, (b) showed a response of the lizard to onset of light. Both of these characteristics accord with those reported for other day-active animals. The laboratory-recorded daily activity rhythms correlate remarkably well with the field behavior of movement in burrows before emergence, basking early in the activity period, foraging, and retreating to shade or burrow in the later part of the activity period. It is likely that the laboratory-recorded daily activity patterns would change according to the temperature in the activity chamber. These changes would correlate with the seasonal variations in daily activity patterns reported in field studies. Wide individual differences in phase-angle relationships between activity onset and light onset among lizards was observed. It is possible that these differences are due to one or more of the following factors; (a) the low intensity difference between the light and dark phases of the cycle, (b) individual differences in preferred body temperature, and/or (c) individual differences in daily light requirements.

Coherence of harmonically related CW signals

Results of measurement of the coherence of harmonically related CW signals at long ranges are presented, together with a theoretical analysis. In a nondispersive medium, fluctuation in the relative phase angle caused by linear frequency-dependent parameters are relatively low for harmonically related signals. In an experiment conducted with a moving source 500 NM away from the receiver, the relative phase angle stayed unchanged or varied quite slowly in most cases, except around a fading zone. The theoretical analysis of the effect on the phase angle relationship of receiving array configurations, multipath interference, and signal-to-noise conditions is given to explain the observed phenomena. Based on this study, a method of processing the received signal is described which permits the determination of the relative phase angle of two harmonically related CW signals propagating at a distance from the source.

Further evidence of tidal influence on earthquake incidence

The rate of release of earthquake energy over the past 65 yr is compared to the relationship of the longitude of perigee of the Moon to the Earth's longitude of perihelion. Certain perculiar phase and local hour angle relationships, of the Moon to earthquake epicenters, are also presented. Finally, the clustering of epicenters near the longitudes of Neptune and Uranus is examined.

Phase coherence of the alpha rhythm during photic blocking

The pre- to post-blocked phase angle relationship of the photically blocked alpha rhythm is examined in light of a pacemaker model. The question is asked whether this pacemaker is in continuous operation during photic blocking even though, within this period, the detected alpha oscillation may vanish. The analysis of the data shows first, a post-blocked alpha rhythm coherence and second, a mean zero phase angle between the post-blocked and pre-blocked wave trains. These results are consistent with the idea of a basic pacemaking system, but because of conservation of phase information during the photic block, they are at variance with the concept that photically induced desynchronization must take place at the pacemaker level. The results are discussed further in terms of a visual information intake model used by Gaarder et al.