Pharmacy Practice Department Research Articles

Predictors of Stress and Burnout Among Pharmacy Faculty in the United States

ObjectiveStress and burnout may impact pharmacy faculty’s well-being, quality of life, and productivity. This research study aimed to assess pharmacy faculty’s overall burnout and stress levels in the United States and identify the characteristics associated with these 2 constructs while controlling for faculty characteristics. MethodsA total of 5245 faculty members were invited to participate in a survey between November 2021 and February 2022. Burnout was assessed using the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory. Stress was assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale. Bivariate analyses were used to identify potential predictors of pharmacy faculty–perceived burnout and stress. The relationships between time allocation across different academic responsibilities and faculty’s perceived burnout and stress were assessed using linear regression analyses. ResultsOut of 5139 delivered invitations, responses were collected from 774 pharmacy faculty members (response rate = 15.1%). Faculty exhibited moderate levels of burnout, with an average score of 40.1 on a scale from 16 to 64. Additionally, they displayed moderate perceived stress levels, with an average score of 18.2 on a scale from 0 to 40. Faculty displayed significantly more burnout and stress if they were unmarried, nontenured, younger, female, had lower academic rank, or worked in pharmacy practice departments. Higher stress and burnout were associated with spending more time on teaching, whereas lower burnout and stress were associated with spending more time on administration. ConclusionThis study found that US pharmacy faculty experience moderate levels of stress and burnout. Some demographic factors and time allocation for teaching and administrative tasks influence these levels.

URINARY SCHISTOSOMIASIS AMONG SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN IN SELECTED RURAL COMMUNITIES IN HADHRAMOUT GOVERNORATE, YEMEN

Background: Urinary schistosomiasis is a potentially life-threatening public health issue in some areas of Yemen, particularly in Hadhramout rural communities. It is considered as one of the most common neglected tropical parasitic diseases. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis and associated risk factors among school-age males and females in selected rural communities of Hadhramout, Yemen. Methods: A total of 450 students participated in this cross-sectional study. Urine samples were collected, then examined for haematuria and Schistosoma haematobium (S. haematobium) eggs using urine dipsticks and filtration technique respectively. To assess knowledge and practices regarding the transmission of urinary schistosomiasis, a pre-tested questionnaire was employed. Results: An overall (66)14.7% of participants tested positive for S. haematobium, and of those, 54 (12.0%) developed haematuria with a statistically significant difference (p=0.001). A total of 35(53.0% eggs/10 ml urine) had heavy intensity of infection, with a significant difference (p=0.001) between the different communities visited: high in Al-Dhulaya'a (18.2 eggs/10 ml urine) and low in Yabaith (6.1 eggs/10 ml urine). S. haematobium infection showed significantly higher (p=0.002) in males (13.8%) than females (0.9%), and increased with age of participants. Multivariate logistic analysis of risk factors were significantly associated with the prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis such as swimming activities (p=0.016), washing clothes (p=0.14), time spent in infested areas more than 15 minutes (p=0.012), habits of defecation/urination in open water sources (p=0.44), self-reported symptoms suggestive of the disease (p=0.03), participants with a history of illness (p=0.014), lack of awareness of schistosomiasis (p=0.050), and no prior treatment with praziquantel (p=0.001). Conclusions: Urinary schistosomiasis remains highly prevalent among schoolchildren in rural communities in Hadhramaut. The study highlights the urgent need to implement preventive measures, safe drinking water supply, proper sanitation, and vector control programs in order to reduce transmission and morbidity caused by schistosomiasis. Peer Review History: Received 3 December 2023; Revised 28 January 2024; Accepted 27 February; Available online 15 March 2024 Academic Editor: Dr. Marwa A. A. Fayed, University of Sadat City, Egypt, maafayed@gmail.com Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.5/10 Reviewers: Dr. Owanaro Peter, Nigeria, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. owonaropeter@gmail.com Dr. George Zhu, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, sansan4240732@163.com

PENETRATING CRANIUM INJURY BY A CONCRETE NAIL: CASE STUDY

The article describes a case study, demonstrating the infliction of a single blind penetrating «gunshot» wound to the head with a concrete nail fired from a powder-actuated fastening tool. Forensic examination of the injury caused by atypical projectiles when fired from atypical firearms can be a difficult task. The results of a thorough autopsy examination of the body and the ante-/post-mortem discovery of atypical projectiles (or other foreign objects) in the victim’s body are the prerequisite for correct interpretation of the injury morphological features. Peer Review History: Received: 22 October 2023; Revised: 26 November; Accepted: 29 December, Available online: 15 January 2024 Academic Editor: Dr. Muhammad Zahid Iqbal, AIMST University, Malaysia, drmmziqbal@gmail.com Received file: Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10 Reviewers: Dr. Rima Benatoui,Laboratory of Applied Neuroendocrinology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Badji Mokhtar University Annaba, Algeria. benattouiryma@gmail.com Dr. Owanaro Peter, Nigeria, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. owonaropeter@gmail.com

EXTENT OF HEPATOTOXICITY OF ANTI-TUBERCULOSIS DRUGS USED IN PAKISTAN: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Introduction: Tuberculosis is an infectious disease with high rates of infection and mortality throughout the world, but its spread is greater in developing countries, and its control is difficult. It is known that the most common side reaction of drug treatment for tuberculosis is hepatotoxicity resulting from the drugs, which negatively affects adherence to treatment as a result of patients not continuing to use it. Objective:This study aimed to determine the extent of hepatotoxicity as a result of drug treatment for tuberculosis. Methods: The study is a cross-sectional study conducted on TB patients undergoing TB treatment in a general hospital in Islamabad, Pakistan. A data collection form was used to obtain demographic and treatment data. The hepatotoxicity of TB drug therapy was evaluated by performing liver function tests (LFTs).Study duration was of 4 months. Results: The study showed that out of 100 tuberculosis patients, 55 patients were hepatotoxic. Hepatotoxic population includes 26% males and 29% females including almost 10% children either male or female. The maximun hepatotoxicity was observed in the patients undergoing combination therapy. Around 3-5 % patients showed that the Serum-GlutamicPyruvic-Transaminase (SGPT) values more than 2 times of their normal values. While other 50% showed hepatotoxicity 1-2 times of their normal values. Most of the patients found were in the age group ranging from 35-60 years. The main drugs used in tuberculosis treatment were: Isoniazid, Rifampicin, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutal. Conclusion:The rate of hepatotoxicity in TB patients on anti-TB treatment was high. The current study concluded that the more we move towards a greater number of drugs in combination, the greater the extent and chance of hepatotoxicity. The combination of three anti-tuberculosis drugs (isoniazid, rifampicin, and pyrazinamide) resulted in maximum hepatotoxicity. Peer Review History: Received: 21 August 2023; Revised: 18 September; Accepted: 19 October, Available online: 15 November 2023 Academic Editor: Dr. Marwa A. A. Fayed, University of Sadat City, Egypt, maafayed@gmail.com Received file: Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10 Reviewers: Dr. Owanaro Peter, Nigeria, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. owonaropeter@gmail.com Prof. Hassan A.H. Al-Shamahy, Sana'a University, Yemen, shmahe@yemen.net.ye Dr. Sheikh Abdul Khaliq, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, Karachi, Pakistan, drwadhsheikh1974@gmail.com

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASPECT OF POSTOPERATIVE GASTROINTESTINAL NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCY IN NGAOUNDERE HOSPITALS, ADAMAWA REGION, CAMEROON

Background and objective: Undernutrition is defined as an insufficient intake of nutritional foods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiological aspect of postoperative gastrointestinal nutritional deficiency in Ngaoundere Hospitals. Methods: It was a prospective, cross-sectional study with an analytical focus, over a 5-month period from July to November 2022. Undernutrition was defined by the presence of at least one phenotypic criteria plus one etiological criteria. Logistic regression for multivariate analyses, and the Chi-square test for univariate analyses, were used to identify the determinants of undernutrition. A difference was considered significant if p<0.05. Results: A total of 134 patients were included in the current study. Males were the most represented, with rates of 82.09%. The average age of patients was 36±17.78. Undernutrition at discharge was observed in 110 patients (82.09%). Endogenous risk factors associated with the occurrence of undernutrition were: Muslim religion, persistent symptoms, emergency surgery modality, nutritional grades, postoperative nausea, and diarrhea (p<0.0001); the protective one was minor surgery (p<0.0001). Exogenous risk factors for undernutrition included failure to meet carbohydrate, protein, and calorie targets on day-3 and at discharge (p<0.0001). Finally, in multivariate analysis, persistent symptoms (p=0.02), minor surgery (p=0.04), presence of diarrhea (p=0.01), and failure to meet caloric targets were independently associated with undernutrition at discharge. Conclusion: The incidence of post-digestive surgery undernutrition is relatively high in the 2 hospitals in Adamawa, Cameroon. It, therefore, requires early detection and management. Peer Review History: Received: 7 September 2023; Revised: 2 October; Accepted: 9 November, Available online: 15 November 2023 Academic Editor: Dr. A.A. Mgbahurike, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, amaka_mgbahurike@yahoo.com Received file: Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10 Reviewers: Prof. Hassan A.H. Al-Shamahy, Sana'a University, Yemen, shmahe@yemen.net.ye Dr. Owanaro Peter, Nigeria, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. owonaropeter@gmail.com

EFFECT OF COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (CT) SCAN EXPOSURE ON HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS

Background and aims: CT scan is more used in diagnosis; however, this examined was delivered a low dose estimated approximately to 50 mGy. In this study, the impact of CT scan exposure on hematological parameters for Congo-Brazzaville patients was analyzed. Methods: Blood samples have been obtained from 61 patients including 23 young patients (<17 years). Blood sample was obtained before and 24h after CT-scan exposure from three different hospitals Congo-Brazzaville. 30 healthy donors have been included as a control. Hematological parameters have been analyzed using software. Results: Significant decrease of red blood and hemoglobin were observed after 24 h of CT scan exposure for all patients (p=0.0002 and p=0.0004 respectively). Significant increase of white blood and granulocyte were observed only in adult patients (p=0.0057 and p=0.011 respectively). Significant correlation was observed between the Abdominal-Pleven CT-scan and the variation of white blood and granulocytes. Interestingly, decrease of lymphocytes was observed in adult patients and lymphocyte increase was detected in young patients. Conclusion: We were demonstrated for the first time the variation of hematological parameters after exposure to be very lower doses such as CT-Scan doses. These variations could be reflected inflammatory reactions. Additional analysis can be performed for the validation of these data using a large cohort. Peer Review History: Received: 23 June 2023; Revised: 18 July; Accepted: 25 August, Available online: 15 September 2023 Academic Editor: Prof. Dr. Gorkem Dulger, Duzce University, Turkey, gorkemdulger@yandex.com Received file: Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.0/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10 Reviewers: Dr. Sheikh Abdul Khaliq, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, Karachi, Pakistan, drsheikh1974@gmail.com Prof. Hassan A.H. Al-Shamahy, Sana'a University, Yemen, shmahe@yemen.net.ye Ali Jaber, Laboratory for Research and Development of Medicines and Natural Products, RDMPN, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon, ali.jaber.2@ul.edu.lb

EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT POLISHING METHODS ON THE COLOR STABILITY OF PORCELAIN: AN IN-VITRO STUDY

Background and aim: As a result, an ongoing study is required to determine the effect of different polishing methods on the color stability of feldspathic porcelain surfaces exposed to four staining solutions at different time intervals in order to determine the most appropriate polishing method that results in better color stability for long periods, which was the goal of this study. Material and methods: This in-vitro study included 80 disc-shaped feldspathic porcelain specimens which were self-fabricated, all the specimens were auto glazed to close any pores, then randomly divided into 4 equal groups of 20 specimens. Specimens of the unpolished group (control group) underwent a removal of their glaze layer, another group was untreated (auto glazed), whereas the other two groups were prepared based on two polishing systems (over-glazed and polished). Specimens of each group (n=20) were divided into 4 groups (n=5) to be immersed in 4 staining solutions (distilled water as a control group, prepared khat extract, prepared red tea, Delsi soft drink). The color measurement of each specimen was assessed before immersion and after 1, 7 and 14 days of immersion. Results: The interaction between unpolished porcelain surfaces and khat extract or red tea showed significant higher increase in color change over time (p<0.05), whereas their interaction with Pepsi or distilled water showed no significant differences (p> 0.05). The interaction between over glazed or auto glazed porcelain surfaces and each stain showed no significant differences over time (p>0.05). Conclusion: Time plays an important role in the discoloration of feldspathic porcelain. Khat has the highest staining ability followed by red tea; however, Pepsi has the lowest staining ability due to the lack of colorant. Over glazed and auto glazed groups showed better prolonged color stability of porcelain surfaces than the polished group; however, the polishing method can be an effective and more preferable alternative as it has acceptable ∆E values and is free from the limitations of glazing methods. Peer Review History: Received: 17 June 2023; Revised: 19 July; Accepted: 28 August, Available online: 15 September 2023 Academic Editor: Dr. DANIYAN Oluwatoyin Michael, Obafemi Awolowo University, ILE-IFE, Nigeria, toyinpharm@gmail.com Received file: Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.5/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10 Reviewers: Dr. Sheikh Abdul Khaliq, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, Karachi, Pakistan, drsheikh1974@gmail.com Dr. Bilge Ahsen KARA, Ankara Gazi Mustafa Kemal Hospital, Turkey, ahsndkyc@gmail.com

Assessing stress among pharmacy faculty at five schools: Preliminary lessons learned and coping strategies recommended

Background: The 2016 ACPE Standards note that Pharm.D. programmes should ensure that “assessments include measurements of perceived stress in faculty, staff, and students and an evaluation of stress’ potential for a negative impact on programmatic outcomes and morale.” This study examines the perceptions of stress and satisfaction among pharmacy faculty and identifies their primary ways to cope with stress using a pilot survey instrument Scale To Recognize and Evaluate Stress and Satisfaction (STRESS). Methods: A PubMed literature search was conducted utilising key search terms: “faculty stress or burnout” and “stress survey”. A draft survey was assessed by 20 experts resulting a 10-question online survey (STRESS) that was administered across five US pharmacy schools. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse data. Results: The 117 faculty who completed the survey consisted of 55% females, 73% pharmacy practice department, and 36% assistant professor rank. When asked to rate stress levels on a scale of 1 (low stress) to 5 (high stress), the mean was 3.54, SD 0.94. The item with the highest stress rating was “feeling that I have too heavy a workload” (mean 3.63, SD 1.22), and 34% felt fatigued and/or overwhelmed on most days/daily. Conclusion: Preliminary findings can serve for stress reduction strategies and as indicators for targeted wellness initiatives.

Adaptation of the TEval Framework to Improve Peer Teaching Evaluations Within a Pharmacy Practice Department

Adaptation of the TEval Framework to Improve Peer Teaching Evaluations Within a Pharmacy Practice Department

DISTRIBUTION AND ANTIBACTERIAL RESISTANCE OF WOUND PATHOGENIC BACTERIA IN PATIENTS OF SANA’A HOSPITALS, YEMEN

Background and objectives: Cutaneous wounds are a common symptom in human medical practice. Understanding the physiology of the wound healing process and using the right therapeutic intervention are necessary for managing the existing healing in wound patients. Infection can cause wounds to take longer to heal, cosmetic surgery outcomes to be less satisfactory, and medical expenses to rise. Due to the dearth of studies in Yemen and other Arabic-nations that describe the different forms, locations, and current understanding of the bacterial causes of wound infection. So, general care hospitals in Sana'a, Yemen, undertook a study to identify the different types, locations, and prevalence of wound contamination caused by various bacteria, as well as to examine the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of wound-isolated bacteria. Subjects and methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out among 699 wound patients with clinically diagnosed wound infections at NCPHL during the years 2021-2022. Pus and wound swab samples were processed using standard microbiological procedures at NCPHL. A modified Kirby Bauer disc diffusion technique was used to investigate the susceptibility of bacteria to various antibiotics. From pre-questionnaire and laboratory records of the NCPHL, clinical information about patients was gathered, including the types and locations of wounds. Results: Out of 699 samples, 580 (82.98%) were positive for bacterial cultures. The most common wound was postoperative (30.8%), followed by diabetic foot ulcer (24.5%), traumatic wound (18.7%) and bullet wound (16.9%), while it was less frequent for caesarean section (5.7%) and sharp cut (2%). The present study revealed that Gram-negative bacteria were less frequent than Gram-positive bacteria (43.3% vs. 56.7%). Also gram-positive bacteria show a very high percentage (92.1%) of multidrug resistant (MDR) in compared to gram-negative bacteria (37.8%). Conclusion: In the current study's wound bacteriological profile, Staphylococcus aureus was shown to be highly prevalent, followed by Escherichia coli, S. epidermidis (CoNS), Acinobacter spp., and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Their sensitivity to widely used antibiotics showed a pattern of decline. It is crucial to be informed of the current bacterial profile trend and to adjust the antibiotic schedule in accordance with sensitivity. Peer Review History: Received: 4 March 2023; Revised: 26 April; Accepted: 20 June 2023, Available online: 15 July 2023 Academic Editor: Dr. A.A. Mgbahurike, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, amaka_mgbahurike@yahoo.com Received file: Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.5/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10 Reviewers: Dr. Sheikh Abdul Khaliq, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, Karachi, Pakistan, drsheikh1974@gmail.com Dr. Wadhah Hassan Ali Edrees, Hajja University, Yemen, edress2020@gmail.com Dr. Bilge Ahsen KARA, Ankara Gazi Mustafa Kemal Hospital, Turkey, ahsndkyc@gmail.com

PREVALENCE OF INTESTINAL PROTOZOA, HELMINTHES, AND COCCIDIAN INFECTIONS AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN IN THALA’A DISTRICT AT AMRAN GOVERNORATE, YEMEN

Background and objectives: The prevalence of intestinal parasite infection, which can range between 18% and 90%, is one of the most frequently reported diseases in Yemen and poses a serious health issue for schoolchildren. In Thala’a District, Amran Governorate, Yemen, the study's main goal was to ascertain the prevalence of intestinal parasite infection among primary school students. Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from January to April 2022 among 400 schoolchildren, in the age groups 7-12 years. All the children were residents of the city of Thala’a. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Stool samples were examined for intestinal parasites according to standard laboratory methods. Results: The children's ages ranged from 7 to 12 years, with a mean±SD of 9.52 ± 2.9 years. The results showed that 136/400 (34%) of the tested children were positive for intestinal parasite infection with a higher prevalence of specific intestinal worms (50.4%) than protozoa (33.3%) and coccidian infection (16.3%). The rate of infection alone was also higher than that of multiple parasitic infections (19.3% vs. 14.8%). The highest number of intestinal parasites was 50/400 (12.5%) for Ascaris lumbricoides, and 49/400 (12.25%) for Entameba histolytica followed by 9.8% for Giardia lamblia, 11.5% for Entrobius vermicularis, 6.5% for Cryptosporidium species, 6.5% for Hymenolepis nana, 2% for Schistosoma mansoni, and 0.8% for Trichuris trichiura. Considering the associated factors, boys had a higher infection rate than girls (50% vs. 24.2%) with an OR of 2.6, CI =1.7–3.9 (p < 0.001). A higher rate was also recorded in older children (41%) with an odds ratio of 1.6 (p=0.03). Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of intestinal parasites among school children in Thala’a city, and various control measures are required to control and prevent intestinal parasites among school children. Peer Review History: Received: 3 March 2023; Revised: 22 April; Accepted: 27 June 2023, Available online: 15 July 2023 Academic Editor: Dr. Asia Selman Abdullah, Pharmacy institute, University of Basrah, Iraq, asia_abdullah65@yahoo.com Received file: Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.5/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10 Reviewers: Rola Jadallah, Arab American University, Palestine, rola@aauj.edu Dr. Tamer Elhabibi, Suez Canal University, Egypt, tamer_hassan@pharm.suez.edu.eg Dr. Sheikh Abdul Khaliq, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, Karachi, Pakistan, drwadhsheikh1974@gmail.com

PREVALENCE AND LOCALIZATION OF IMPACTED CANINE TEETH USING PANORAMIC RADIOGRAPH IN A SAMPLE OF YEMENI ADULTS IN SANA'A, YEMEN

Background and aims: A tooth that fails to erupt into the dental arch during the anticipated growth window is said to be impacted. Clinical issues with impacted maxillary and mandibular canines are common. Most doctors concur that permanent teeth are significant from both an aesthetic and functional standpoint and should be kept as much as feasible. The legitimacy of justifying the work of this research can be proven by the fact that previous researches in Yemen were on a small sample of population. There was also inconsistency in the results in terms of prevalence rate as well as pattern of canine impaction. Therefore, providing a detailed outline of the context or situation again will lead to solving the puzzle or determining the correct position. The aim of this study was to determine the crude prevalence and pattern of impacted canines for 5 years in a sample of the Yemeni population in the city of Sana'a. Methods: This cross-sectional study consisted of Yemeni patients who do panoramic x-ray at dental radiographic centers in Sana'a city, Yemen. The panoramic radiographs and dental records of the patients were retrospectively examined. Results: The total prevalence of impacted canine for the 5 following years was 5.23%. The prevalence of an impacted canine was higher in the maxillary arch (93.9%) than in the lower arch (6.1%), higher in females (53.2%) than in men (46.8%), and 52.4% more common in the right canine than in the left (47.6%). Conclusion: There was a slight increase in the prevalence of impacted canines in Yemeni patients. Females showed higher impacted teeth than males. Early diagnosis of impacted teeth can aid in maintaining healthy teeth and preventing malocclusions. Information about the prevalence of canine impaction in the Yemeni community is provided by the current study. Peer Review History: Received: 6 March 2023; Revised: 22 April; Accepted: 29 June 2023, Available online: 15 July 2023 Academic Editor: Dr. Sally A. El-Zahaby, Pharos University in Alexandria, Egypt, sally.elzahaby@yahoo.com Received file: Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.0/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10 Reviewers: Dr. Sheikh Abdul Khaliq, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, Karachi, Pakistan, drwadhsheikh1974@gmail.com Dr. Sameh Abdelmoneem Mohammed Ali, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Egypt, same7_pharma18@yahoo.com

Characteristics of United States Counties in Which Heart Failure Clinical Trials of Pharmacotherapy Were Conducted.

HomeCirculation: Heart FailureAhead of PrintCharacteristics of United States Counties in Which Heart Failure Clinical Trials of Pharmacotherapy Were Conducted No AccessResearch ArticleRequest AccessAboutView PDFSections ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload citationsTrack citationsPermissions ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InMendeleyReddit Jump toNo AccessResearch ArticleRequest AccessCharacteristics of United States Counties in Which Heart Failure Clinical Trials of Pharmacotherapy Were Conducted Elisabeth Cox, Muath A. Alsalloum, Marin Vander Schaaf, Abdulaziz S. Alfehaid, Marwah E. Alnewais and Erin R. Weeda Elisabeth CoxElisabeth Cox Medical University of South Carolina College of Pharmacy, Charleston (E.C., M.A.A., M.V.S., A.S.A., M.E.A., E.R.W.). Search for more papers by this author , Muath A. AlsalloumMuath A. Alsalloum Medical University of South Carolina College of Pharmacy, Charleston (E.C., M.A.A., M.V.S., A.S.A., M.E.A., E.R.W.). Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia (M.A.A.). Search for more papers by this author , Marin Vander SchaafMarin Vander Schaaf Medical University of South Carolina College of Pharmacy, Charleston (E.C., M.A.A., M.V.S., A.S.A., M.E.A., E.R.W.). Search for more papers by this author , Abdulaziz S. AlfehaidAbdulaziz S. Alfehaid Medical University of South Carolina College of Pharmacy, Charleston (E.C., M.A.A., M.V.S., A.S.A., M.E.A., E.R.W.). Pharmaceutical Care Services, King Faisal General Hospital, Alahsa Health Cluster, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia (A.S.A.). Search for more papers by this author , Marwah E. AlnewaisMarwah E. Alnewais Medical University of South Carolina College of Pharmacy, Charleston (E.C., M.A.A., M.V.S., A.S.A., M.E.A., E.R.W.). College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Alahsa, Saudi Arabia (M.E.A.). Search for more papers by this author and Erin R. WeedaErin R. Weeda Correspondence to: Erin R. Weeda, PharmD, Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Outcomes Sciences, 280 Calhoun St, QE213C MSC140, Charleston, SC 29425. Email E-mail Address: [email protected] https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7876-5802 Medical University of South Carolina College of Pharmacy, Charleston (E.C., M.A.A., M.V.S., A.S.A., M.E.A., E.R.W.). Search for more papers by this author Originally published16 May 2023Circulation: Heart Failure. 2023;0:e010449FootnotesThis work was conducted at the Medical University of South Carolina.For Sources of Funding and Disclosures, see page XXX.Correspondence to: Erin R. Weeda, PharmD, Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Outcomes Sciences, 280 Calhoun St, QE213C MSC140, Charleston, SC 29425. Email [email protected]edu Previous Back to top Next FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Advertisement Article InformationMetrics © 2023 American Heart Association, Inc.PMID: 37191025 Originally publishedMay 16, 2023 Keywordsapplicabilitysocial determinants of healthdiversitygeneralizableruralclinical trialsexternal validityPDF download Advertisement SubjectsHeart Failure

Explication and Standardization of Ongoing Hospital Formulary in a Tertiary Care Referral Hospital, Perinthalmanna, Kerala

Dilip Chandrasekhar, Ashmy Pradeep, Fahmidha Sherin, Farsana and Fathimath Jusaira Author informationArticle notesCopyright and License information Department of Pharmacy Practice, Al-Shifa College of Pharmacy, Perinthalmanna, Kerala, INDIA Corresponding author. Correspondence: Dr. Dilip Chandrasekhar Head of Department, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Al-Shifa College of Pharmacy, Perinthalmanna-679325, Kerala, INDIA. Email id: dillu7@gmail.com Received 06 October 2022; Revised

Comment on “Tacrolimus in the treatment of childhood nephrotic syndrome: Machine learning detects novel biomarkers and predicts efficacy”

Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug TherapyVolume 43, Issue 4 p. 349-350 LETTER TO THE EDITOR Comment on “Tacrolimus in the treatment of childhood nephrotic syndrome: Machine learning detects novel biomarkers and predicts efficacy” William L. Baker, Corresponding Author William L. Baker [email protected] orcid.org/0000-0003-2172-0931 Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Connecticut School of Pharmacy, Storrs, Connecticut, USA Correspondence William L. Baker, Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Connecticut School of Pharmacy, 69 N Eagleville Rd, Storrs, CT 06269, USA. Email: [email protected]Search for more papers by this author William L. Baker, Corresponding Author William L. Baker [email protected] orcid.org/0000-0003-2172-0931 Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Connecticut School of Pharmacy, Storrs, Connecticut, USA Correspondence William L. Baker, Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Connecticut School of Pharmacy, 69 N Eagleville Rd, Storrs, CT 06269, USA. Email: [email protected]Search for more papers by this author First published: 19 April 2023 https://doi.org/10.1002/phar.2785Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL No abstract is available for this article. Volume43, Issue4April 2023Pages 349-350 RelatedInformation

Scholarly Activity of Tenure-Track Faculty in US Departments of Pharmacy Practice

Objective. To quantitatively determine scholarly activity among tenure-track faculty at US departments of pharmacy practice over a 10-year period.Methods. A search of PubMed was performed for articles by department of pharmacy practice tenure track (DPP-TT) faculty from January 1, 2010, through December 31, 2019. DPP-TT faculty working in departments of pharmacy practice were identified through faculty rosters published on the American Association Colleges of Pharmacy website or college or school internet sites. Tenure-track faculty listed as working in a department of pharmacy practice, clinical pharmacy, or pharmacotherapy were included. An objective third party confirmed the data obtained. Each publication was classified by scope (eg, clinical pharmacology, health economics/outcome research, biomedical informatics, basic science, review, editorial/letter, or case report). DPP-TT faculty productivity was calculated by dataset frequency distribution. Descriptive statistics and analysis of variance were used to compare data across demographic strata.Results. One hundred thirty-seven institutions employed 2147 pharmacy practice faculty. These faculty published 20,059 (9.3±16.3/10 years/faculty member) papers. Six institutions had no tenure-track designation. There was a 2.5-fold increase in publication rates from 2010-2019 (P < 0001). Public vs private schools' productivity was 207.8 vs 69.0 publications per institution, respectively (P < 001). The ratio of male to female DPP-TT faculty per institution was 62% to 38%, with male faculty publishing an average of 12.1±19.1 each, and female faculty publishing an average of 7.4±13.8 each (P < 0001). Faculty ranks were 37% assistant professor; 36% associate professor; and 26% professor, with an average of 4.0±7.3, 8.6±12.4, and 17.4±24.6 publications per faculty, respectively. Regionally, US pharmacy practice faculty located in the West produced the most publications, followed by those in the Northeast, South, and Midwest (P < 0001).Conclusions. These national DPP-TT publication data demonstrate that scholarly productivity increased from 2010 through 2019, across a wide variety of publication scopes.

In Memoriam: Richard H. Grimm, Jr, MD, MPH, PhD (August 22, 1946-September 8, 2022).

In Memoriam: Richard H. Grimm, Jr, MD, MPH, PhD (August 22, 1946-September 8, 2022).

Evaluation of Scholarship Motivators and Barriers for Non-Tenure-Track Faculty in a Department of Pharmacy Practice

The Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE) Standards 2016 set explicit expectations for faculty scholarship. However, many non-tenure-track faculty have struggled with the scholarship portion of the academic tripart mission of clinical practice, teaching, and scholarship. Therefore, we sought to identify themes regarding the barriers, motivators, and potential solutions associated with non-tenure-track faculty scholarship. Four focus group interviews were held via videoconference during July 2021, which consisted of non-tenure-track faculty within the TTUHSC Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy. Each focus group answered a standard script of questions that were evaluated for face validity over a 30-60 min session. Twenty-two non-tenure-track faculty members (47% response) participated in one of the four focus group interviews. The four common barriers were insufficient time, lack of acknowledgment, obscurity of scholarship expectations, and a lack of resources and support. Scholarship's lasting impact on academia, students, and clinical practice was the one common motivator identified by the groups. The barriers identified were not unique to our faculty, despite the unique four-city structure of our program. Actions have continued to be taken to help address the barriers and potential solutions identified by the focus groups. In summary, our results echo that non-tenure-track faculty need more time and training to help them feel like they can meet institutional scholarship requirements.

Prevalence of Non-Communicable Diseases and Curcumin Use- A Multi Centric Study to Correlate the Impact

Viswa S, Roshny A, Naveen Kumar B, Linsha Babu, Anandhaseyanam S and Senthil Kumar N Author informationArticle notesCopyright and License information Department of Pharmacy Practice, JKKMMRF’s Annai JKK Sampoorani Ammal College of Pharmacy, Komarapalayam, Tamil Nadu, INDIA The Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, INDIA JKKMMRF’s Annai JKK Sampoorani Ammal College of

Bacteriological Analysis and Antibiotic Consumption in Various Types of Surgeries

Prajwal Bhamra, Parminder Nain, Tanishq Joshi, Anand Thawait, Narinder Kaur and Jaspreet Kaur Author informationArticle notesCopyright and License information Department of Pharmacy Practice, MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, INDIA. Department of Surgery, MM Institute of Medical Science and Research, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, INDIA