Knowledge Of Pharmacovigilance Research Articles

Assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practice of pharmacovigilance amongst undergraduate students at a tertiary care teaching hospital: a questionnaire-based study

Background: Pharmacovigilance ensures patient safety and rational medication use. Spontaneous reporting by healthcare professionals is crucial, but underreporting is a major limitation. Education and training are vital to improve Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) reporting. Inculcating pharmacovigilance into undergraduate programs empowers medical students to report ADRs. Methods: This prospective questionnaire-based study focused on assessing knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) regarding pharmacovigilance. A total of 223 medical undergraduate students of which 156 were students in 2nd year and 67 in 3rd final years who gave their consent were included in this study. Participants completed a pre-questionnaire before undergoing a training session on pharmacovigilance related to KAP. Following the training session, a post-questionnaire was given. Pre- and post-test questionnaires were compared and analysed using an appropriate statistical test. Results: The study showed that knowledge and attitude scores among second and third-year medical students improved after the training program. Following training, the mean knowledge score for second-year students significantly increased from 5.56 to 8.6, while their mean attitude score increased from 5.9 to 7.24. Similarly, for third-final-year students, the mean knowledge score improved from 6.62 to 9.01, and the mean attitude score increased from 6.69 to 7.52. The results clearly showed that the training program had a positive impact on the knowledge and attitude of both student groups. The mean practice scores for second-year and third-final-year students were 0.76 and 1.34, respectively. Conclusions: The study showed significant improvement in knowledge and attitude after the educational intervention, indicating a positive impact of the training program.

Awareness and Knowledge of Adverse Drug Reactions and Pharmacovigilance Among Medical and Nursing Students and Staff in a Tertiary Care Hospital.

Background Pharmacovigilance is defined as the science and activities related to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects or other drug-related problems. Underreporting of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) is a global issue, and adequate knowledge among healthcare professionals is essential. Engaging young doctors and nursing professionals in pharmacovigilance is crucial for promoting ADR reporting. Objectives The objective of this study is to evaluate the knowledge and awareness of ADRs and pharmacovigilance among medical and nursing students and staff in a tertiary care hospital in Vijayapura, India. Methods A cross-sectional, observational, questionnaire-based study was carried out using a validated questionnaire that included a total of 19 questions related to knowledge and awareness aspects. This was distributed electronically using Google Forms. By using the convenience sampling method, a sample size of 96 participants was calculated for each group (medical and nursing), and this was rounded to 100 participants per group to account for potential dropouts and to ensure the strength of this study. All the questions were peer-reviewed by expert faculties from the Department of Pharmacology. Results The data analysis showed that medical students and staff had superior knowledge of ADRs and pharmacovigilance. Nursing students and staff exhibited greater awareness of the nearest pharmacovigilance center and ADR monitoring centers in India. Nursing students and staff were more active in ADR and pharmacovigilance awareness programs. Conclusions This study clearly shows the importance of flexible attitudes and robust education in pharmacovigilance and ADR reporting among healthcare professionals. Executing simulation-based training can strengthen the skills and confidence of both medical and nursing professionals in ADR reporting and pharmacovigilance.

Evaluating Medical Students' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices in Pharmacovigilance: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: It is an indispensable tool for ensuring patient safety, while its practice raises numerous questions in developing countries, including Bangladesh. This paper aims at determining medical students’ Knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of pharmacovigilance to inform ADR reporting. Objective: To evaluate the KAP of pharmacovigilance with second-year students, final-year students, and interns enrolled in a community-oriented medical college in Bangladesh. Methods: A quantitative study design using the cross-sectional survey approach was used together with a self-administered, well-validated structured questionnaire. Second-year, final-year, and intern groups were selected with one hundred participants from each group. Descriptive statistical analysis and chi-square analysis were used in data analysis. Results: A total of 49 percent of the participants were able to correctly define pharmacovigilance; final-year students had the highest knowledge score of 72 percent. A total of 80–85% of the participants endorsed the need to report ADRs, and 75–84% believed that reporting ADRs is a professional responsibility. However, ADR reporting practice varied significantly: In the final-year students, 90% reported having filled out an ADR form, while the corresponding numbers for second-year students and interns were 12% and 34%, respectively. While 70-90% of the participants claimed to have ever been trained on how to report an ADR, only 20-28% of the participants reported to have ever experienced an ADR. Conclusion: Thus, though attitudes toward pharmacovigilance were mostly positive, major knowledge and practical implementation deficits were found, mainly concerning interns. The study underscores the need for enhanced systematic, comprehensive, and clinically focused instruction in pharmacovigilance learning in medical schools. This paper recommends that foresulfide should strengthen the existing knowledge prerequisite, integrate compulsory continuous education programs, advance practical practice, and smoothen the procedure of reporting ADRs to amplify the practices in pharmacovigilance among future healthcare human resources of Bangladesh.

Short-Term Training, a Useful Approach for Sustainable Pharmacovigilance Knowledge Development in Tanzania, Kenya, Ethiopia and Rwanda.

Continuous professional development among stakeholders involved in drug safety monitoring and surveillance is imperative in strengthening pharmacovigilance (PV) systems. The "Pharmacovigilance infrastructure and post-marketing surveillance system capacity building for regional medicine regulatory harmonization in East Africa" (PROFORMA) project aims to enhance the national PV infrastructure, post-marketing surveillance systems and clinical trial regulatory capabilities in Ethiopia, Tanzania, Kenya and Rwanda. To achieve this, training, including short-term training (STT) activities, at various levels is required. This article aims to describe the experiences of the authors during the development and implementation of STT in an attempt to improve the PV training landscape of these countries. To identify gaps, a baseline assessment of PV teaching and practices at the national medicines regulatory authorities (NMRAs) and medical universities was conducted. Five successive training sessions, tailored to each country's specific needs and regulatory environments, were conducted; three focusing on fundamental concepts in PV and two dedicated to training-of-trainers courses. The training targeted staff from PV units of the NMRAs and medical universities. Enabling participation from all four countries in the same training fostered cross-country learning and collaboration. The contribution of STT to university education and the operational methodologies within NMRAs are explored, showcasing the impact on knowledge transfer and skill development in each country. In conclusion, by investing strategically in STT activities and fostering partnerships with academic institutions and NMRAs, we demonstrated a sustainable approach to PV capacity strengthening in resource-limited settings. The success of this model underscores its potential for adoption and replication across the African continent, offering a valuable framework for strengthening drug safety regulation and ultimately protecting public health.

Knowledge, attitude, and practice study of pharmacovigilance in a dental teaching institute in Western India

ABSTRACT Background: India started the National Programme of Pharmacovigilance in 2005, which was renamed as Pharmacovigilance Programme of India in 2010. This is the main portal for detecting and reporting the adverse effects of drugs. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of pharmacovigilance (Pv) in a dental teaching institute in Western India. Materials and Methods: The KAP questionnaire regarding Pv was distributed among the dental faculties. The knowledge-based questions were corrected and the scoring was given as excellent knowledge, good knowledge, fair knowledge, and poor knowledge for the scores between 0–5, 6–10, 11–15, and 16–20, respectively. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed which is presented as frequencies (n) and percentages (%) in all three sections of the questionnaire. Results and Observations: The knowledge of 24 (44%) participants was found to be fair with scores between 6 and 10. The knowledge of 23 (42%) participants was found to be poor with scores between 0 and 5 and the knowledge of 8 (14%) participants was found to be good with scores between 11 and 15. A positive and promising attitude was exhibited by the dental faculties toward reporting adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Only two study participants had reported an ADR event. Conclusion: The deficiencies in knowledge appear to be the underlying factor for the underreporting of adverse reactions encountered by dental practitioners.

Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Pharmacovigilance among Medical Interns and Medical Post Graduates in Tertiary Care Hospital

Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Pharmacovigilance among Medical Interns and Medical Post Graduates in Tertiary Care Hospital

Effect of Healthcare Professionals’ Knowledge and Attitude Towards Reporting Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) in Military and Paramilitary Hospitals in Enugu, Nigeria

The study evaluated the effect of healthcare professionals (HCPs) on knowledge and attitude towards reporting adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in military and paramilitary hospitals in Enugu, Nigeria. The purpose of the study was to determine if the level of knowledge and attitude has any significant effect on reporting ADRs. Data were collected through the use of questionnaires from the healthcare professionals (Doctors, Pharmacists, and Nurses) because of the position they occupy in the implementation of pharmacovigilance procedures. The technique employed in the data analysis is regression and the following results were obtained: the level of knowledge of HCPs on pharmacovigilance had a P- value of 0.027 < 0.05 while HCPs attitude had p-value of 0.010 < 0.05. Hence, the study concludes that knowledge level and attitude significantly affect ADR reporting. The following recommendations were made in line the findings: the need to improve training programs across all strata of HCPs as a means of updating their knowledge of pharmacovigilance and ADR reporting procedures. Similarly, it is important to develop a culture of ADR Reporting amongst healthcare professionals in these hospitals; by raising the recognition of the importance of reporting both tolerable and moderate ADRs as well as previously unknown or severe ADRs, this strategy aims to promote a culture of ADR reporting.

Impact of Educational Intervention on Knowledge, Attitude & Practice About Pharmacovigilance in Nursing Students in A Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in India: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: It is crucial for healthcare professionals to know how to report adverse drug reactions (ADRs). To improve reporting rates, it is essential to improve knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of healthcare professionals regarding Pharmacovigilance (PV) and adverse drug reactions (ADR) reporting. According to previous studies, there has been a lack of knowledge in nursing students regarding Pharmacovigilance (PV) and reporting of adverse drug reactions (ADR). Hence, this study was planned to assess the impact of educational intervention on nursing students' knowledge, attitude, and practice of pharmacovigilance at a tertiary care teaching hospital in India. Materials and Methods: This was an interventional study conducted among 93 BSc nursing students at a tertiary care teaching hospital, India. Each participant was explained the purpose of study and asked to fill in a questionnaire about their knowledge, attitude and practice of pharmacovigilance. The post-KAP questionnaire was re-circulated among participants at the end of the intervention and data was analyzed using Chi square test. Results: The study involved 93 BSc nursing students aged 21.52 ± 1.11 years, with a male to female ratio of 1:2. All statistical calculations were performed using Graph Pad prism v10.1.0. Results showed significant differences in understanding pharmacovigilance between pre-intervention and post-intervention, and a significant change in attitudes towards pharmacovigilance due to the educational intervention. A statistically greater proportion of students learned about Pharmacovigilance and ADR reporting forms. Conclusion: The Continuing Medical Education (CME) and group discussions significantly enhanced the knowledge and attitude of nursing students regarding pharmacovigilance.

Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Pharmacovigilance among Healthcare Professionals: A Cross-sectional Study at a Tertiary Hospital in Eastern Nepal

Introduction: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) pose a major concern worldwide causing substantial morbidity and mortality. Healthcare professionals involved in identification, documentation and reporting of ADRs are the pillars of a pharmacovigilance program. Lack of knowledge influence the ADR reporting by healthcare professionals. Objective: To assess knowledge, attitude and practice of pharmacovigilance among healthcare professionals working at Koshi Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among healthcare professionals working at Koshi Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal from August-December 2021 using a semi-structured proforma. Ethical clearance was obtained from Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu (396/2021P). The data were entered into Microsoft Excel 2010 and the descriptive statistics like mean, standard deviation, frequency and percentage were calculated. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (version 11.5) was used for all statistical analysis. The findings were presented as tables and graphs. Results: Out of 88 healthcare professionals, 57 (64.77%) were females and 35 (39.77%) were staff nurse. Fifty-six (63.64%) participants knew that Department of Drug Administration is the authorized National center for pharmacovigilance program in Nepal. Thirty-six (40.91%) participants had good knowledge and 52 (59.09%) had poor knowledge of pharmacovigilance. Seventy-nine (89.77%) participants had positive attitude and 41 (46.59%) participants had poor practice. Seventy (79.55%) participants had not seen ADR reporting form. Conclusion: The healthcare professionals had insufficient knowledge, positive attitude and poor practice of pharmacovigilance. Efforts are required to enhance knowledge and good practice among healthcare professionals toward pharmacovigilance and ADR reporting which would ultimately strengthen the pharmacovigilance program.

Cross-sectional study of pharmacovigilance knowledge, attitudes, and practices based on structural equation modeling and network analysis: a case study of healthcare personnel and the public in Yunnan Province.

This study focuses on understanding pharmacovigilance knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) in Yunnan Province, employing Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and network analysis. It aims to evaluate the interplay of these factors among healthcare personnel and the public, assessing the impact of demographic characteristics to inform policy and educational initiatives. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Yunnan, targeting healthcare personnel and the public. Data collection was through questionnaires, with subsequent analysis involving correlation matrices, network visualization, and SEM. The data analysis utilized SPSS 27.0, AMOS 26.0, and Gephi software for network analysis. This study evaluated pharmacovigilance KAP among 209 public participants and 823 healthcare personnel, uncovering significant differences. Public respondents scored averages of 4.62 ± 2.70 in knowledge, 31.99 ± 4.72 in attitudes, and 12.07 ± 4.96 in practices, while healthcare personnel scored 4.38 ± 3.06, 27.95 ± 3.34, and 7.75 ± 2.77, respectively. Statistically significant correlations across KAP elements were observed in both groups, highlighting the interconnectedness of these factors. Demographic influences were more pronounced among healthcare personnel, emphasizing the role of professional background in pharmacovigilance competency. Network analysis identified knowledge as a key influencer within the pharmacovigilance KAP network, suggesting targeted education as a vital strategy for enhancing pharmacovigilance engagement. The research reveals a less-than-ideal state of pharmacovigilance KAP among both healthcare personnel and the public in Yunnan, with significant differences between the two groups. SEM and network analysis confirmed a strong positive link among KAP components, moderated by demographics like age, occupation, and education level. These insights emphasize the need to enhance pharmacovigilance education and awareness, thereby promoting safer drug use.

IMPACT OF AN EDUCATIONAL INTERVENTION ON AWARENESS OF PHARMACOVIGILANCE AND ADR REPORTING AMONGST AYURVEDIC POST-GRADUATE STUDENTS

Objective: Adverse drug reactions (ADR) are one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality. Ayurveda is one of the oldest healthcare systems, widely practiced in India and there is a misconception that AYU and H drugs are free from ADRs. Post-graduate (PG) students are fresh pass-out medical graduates and are major contributors in providing health care at tertiary care centres. The present study was planned with the aim of evaluation of knowledge, attitude and practice of pharmacovigilance amongst PG students and impact of an educational intervention on their knowledge and attitude.
 Methods: A pre-test, post-test questionnaire based cross-sectional study was conducted. 41 postgraduate students from different branches were included. An educational intervention in the form of sensitization programme, including basic knowledge of pharmacovigilance, monitoring system for pharmacovigilance andcase-based ADR reporting was conducted. A validated questionnaire consisting of questions regarding knowledge, attitude and practice of pharmacovigilance was provided as a pre-test and post-test and the results were statistically evaluated.
 Results: Scores of pre-test reveals that the participants were aware of basic knowledge of pharmacovigilance but knowledge about reporting procedure and the monitoring system was lacking. The difference in mean scores of pre and post-test was statistically significant. Most of the participants agreed that reporting ADR improves drug safety and frequent sensitization programmes should be conducted but practically, they had not undergone any training/sensitization programme.
 Conclusion: The study reveals that even with the favorable attitude towards drug safety and ADR reporting, the unawareness of PG students about the monitoring system and deficient ADR reporting indicatesa strong need for the conduction of repeated training/sensitization programmes and other suitable methods for encouraging ADR reporting.

Knowledge, attitude and practice of pharmacovigilance among medical students

Background: Spontaneous voluntary adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting is the backbone for the successful functioning of the Pharmacovigilance Programme of India. The aim of pharmacovigilance is to ensure safe and rational use of medicines, once they are released for general use in the society. Targeting the younger doctor for sensitization toward pharmacovigilance is the key to ensure practice of adverse drug reactions (ADR) reporting in clinical practice. The objectives of this study are to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of pharmacovigilance among medical students at LLRM Medical College, Meerut, a tertiary care teaching hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out using a pretested questionnaire. The questionnaire was designed to assess the KAP regarding pharmacovigilance. The medical students (2nd year, final year, and interns) were included in the study. Only the participants who gave their consent were included in the study. Results were calculated by proper statistical analysis. Results: The current study was conducted in a LLRM Medical College, Meerut, which included a total of 250 medical students of which 40% 2nd year, 40% final year students, and 20% interns. Most of them (83%) accepted that reporting ADR is necessary, and pharmacovigilance should be taught in detail to health-care professionals. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that knowledge of pharmacovigilance among medical students is improving gradually and pharmacovigilance and ADR reporting needs to be made compulsory, have better, interesting ways to learn and understand it, so that the students can practice it with confidence in their clinical practice.

Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Pharmacovigilance and Materiovigilance among Oral Health Practitioners in India

ABSTRACT Aim: This electronic survey was carried out to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices among the oral health practitioners. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted among undergraduates, graduated practitioners, and specialist practitioners. A Google Form that included a specified instruction format, informed consent with a clear description of the purpose of the study, and questions in different categories were sent through Whatsapp and email. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze responses. The association of knowledge and attitude with respect to oral health professionals was analyzed with the Chi-square test. Results: The questionnaire was completed by 570 participants. Thirty percent of participants encountered ADR related to the drugs available in the market and 33.2% of participants encountered adverse reaction related to materials used in practice. ADR should be reported as soon as it is detected, according to this study about 12.1% of participants reported the ADRs, and this reporting is primarily for patient safety. Almost 66.8% of participants perceived that dental products can cause ADR owing to a lack of information about ADR and reporting procedures, or due to fear of legal concerns. Only about 9.5% of the participants had previously attended an ADR workshop. Conclusion: Oral health practitioners have a general understanding of ADR; however, there is substantial evidence of underreporting and a lack of reporting system information. Organizing an orientation program and raising awareness about ADR reporting could help improve spontaneous reporting and better patient care.

A study on knowledge, attitude, and practice of pharmacovigilance and adverse drug reactions awareness among health-care students in a tertiary care teaching hospital, Telangana, India

Background: The training of health-care students in pharmacovigilance (PV) fulfills curriculum requirements as well as providing early exposure for a secured use of medications in the future. Active participation of health-care professionals ensures successful implementation of PV. Aims and Objectives: To assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of PV among health-care students. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study was conducted at Mamata Academy of Medical Sciences, Bachupally, between May 1st, 2023, and October 31st, 2023. After obtaining permission from the Institutional Ethics Committee, all health care students were provided with a study questionnaire in Google Docs. Results: Medical undergraduates (57.45%) were a majority of the 369 respondents (79.35%) enrolled. PharmDs had the highest response rate (84.76%), followed by medical (78.52%), and nursing (75.56%). The knowledge of PV terminologies was good among 50.47% of medical students, whereas 48.31% pharm ds were aware of adverse drug reactions (ADR) reporting systems and concerned regulatory authorities. 66.51% of medical students and 57.3% of Pharmds had a positive attitude toward PV. However, most of the nursing students had poor knowledge and expressed a negative attitude. Around 33% of the study participants had encountered ADRs, and 33% of the encountered ADRs were reported. Medical undergraduates had significantly better knowledge and attitude, with a mean (standard deviation) total score of 8.03 (2.08) and 3.78 (0.84), respectively (P < 0.01). Conclusion: The disparity of knowledge and attitude from the practice of PV among medical students and PharmDs consequently emphasizes to enroute our strategic initiatives to address the practical difficulties and foster a better reporting culture in the future.

Knowledge And Attitude Towards Pharmacovigilance Among Nurses

Pharmacovigilance is the science of tracking and managing side effects or medication-related problems. It focuses on detecting, assessing, and preventing adverse effects of drugs. Aim: To determine how nurses feel about pharmacovigilance and their knowledge of it. Methods: A quantitative descriptive study was conducted among nurses at ACSMCH and SLMCH. A self-designed questionnaire (10 items) and a 5-point Likert scale (12 items) were used to measure knowledge and attitudes. Data was gathered through Google Forms and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Out of the participants, 74 (67.3%) were female, 97 (88.2%) were under 30 years old, 58 (52.7%) held a B.Sc. in Nursing, 88 (80%) had less than 5 years of experience, 43 (39.1%) were currently employed in a medical ward, and 37 (33.6%) had previous experience in a medical ward. Regarding knowledge of pharmacovigilance, 45 (40.9%) had inadequate knowledge, 42 (38.2%) demonstrated moderately adequate knowledge, and 23 (20.9%) had sufficient knowledge. In terms of attitude towards pharmacovigilance, 76 (69.1%) exhibited a favorable attitude, 27 (24.5%) had a moderately favorable attitude, and 7 (6.4%) showed an unfavorable attitude. Educational qualification (χ² = 13.275, p = 0.010) was found to have a statistically significant association with the level of knowledge. Similarly, gender (χ² = 10.693, p = 0.005) and educational qualification (χ² = 9.590, p = 0.048) were significantly associated with the level of attitude. Discussion & Implications: These findings are consistent with Veena et al. (2020), underscoring the need to increase awareness among nurses. Early interventions, such as regular classes, continuous education, and workshops on pharmacovigilance, should be implemented to improve knowledge. Conclusion: The study revealed that while nurses generally have an insufficient understanding of pharmacovigilance, they maintain a positive attitude toward reporting adverse drug reactions (ADRs).

Knowledge, attitude, and practice of pharmacovigilance among undergraduate medical students in a tertiary care teaching hospital of Northern Maharashtra

Background: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) contribute significantly among underlying reasons of morbidity and mortality in the health-care system. ADR reporting is the core of pharmacovigilance program but still insufficient reporting by health professionals exists in various part of our country. Aims and Objectives: The study was designed to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of undergraduate medical students about ADR and pharmacovigilance. Materials and Methods: It was a cross-sectional study. Questionnaire was comprising 21 questions to evaluate the KAP of pharmacovigilance among undergraduate medical students. Descriptive statistics were analyzed and analysis of variance test was applied for statistical difference between the groups. Results: One hundred and eighty-six students participated in the study. The average score of 2nd year, 3rd year, and 4th year for knowledge was (4.50, 5.15, and 4.59) and for attitude was (5.37, 5.70, and 5.59) and for practice was (1.14, 1.78, and 1.36). There is a significant difference in average score between groups for knowledge and attitude, but not for practice. They have higher attitude and knowledge, but poor practice regarding pharmacovigilance. Conclusion: Respondent of the study was not completely aware of pharmacovigilance and ADR reporting. There is an increased need to create awareness and to train students about pharmacovigilance.

A cross-sectional study on knowledge, attitude, and practice of health-care professionals about adverse drug reactions reporting in a tertiary care teaching hospital of southern Rajasthan

Background: Adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting is the integrity of healthcare professionals (HCPs) to counteract fatal outcomes aroused by the use of medications during therapy. The underreporting of ADRs imposes major problems globally. The pharmacovigilance program plays a key role in detecting and preventing ADRs. Targeting the upcoming younger generation of HCPs and sensitizing them towards ADR reporting in their clinical practice is essential. Aims and Objectives: The main objective of our study is to measure the knowledge, attitude, and practice of interns and postgraduates at our institute towards ADR reporting and pharmacovigilance. Materials and Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study conducted on interns and postgraduates of a tertiary care teaching hospital in Udaipur, Rajasthan. A set of 28 standard questions related to knowledge, attitude, and practice of pharmacovigilance and ADR reporting were distributed among 106 students after taking the ethical approval from the institute. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS (version 20) software in percentage. The Chi-square test (χ2) was used, and P < 0.01* was considered significant statistically. Results: In our study, we found most of the participants were in 21–30 age groups (84.19%); male participants were (67%) in comparison with females (33%). The majority of interns showed their interest in participation (66%) rather than postgraduates (34%) in this study. The overall knowledge (14.645, P = 0.01), attitude (14.64, P = 0.01), and practice (35.712, P = 0.01) of HCPs were found to be significant. Conclusion: We conclude from this study that both interns and postgraduates have good knowledge of ADR reporting, but interns lack practice in their daily duties due to fear of heavy paper work, and postgraduates lack attitude towards ADR reporting due to heavy duty schedules. Most of the participants, i.e., interns and postgraduates, felt ADR reporting was their primary responsibility along with patient safety. Recurrent training and sensitization of upcoming medical professionals about ADR reporting will impart better patient compliance and eradicate fatal outcomes. They also suggest a separate working body needs to keep by institutions to collect the ADR reports during their busy duty schedules.

Evaluation of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perceptions of Pharmacovigilance (PV) amongst Health Professionals and Students

Pharmacovigilance (PV) and drug safety remain important areas of study worldwide. Unfortunately, medical professionals and students generally do not understand the reporting of PVs and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). This study compares student knowledge, attitudes, and perspectives with those of healthcare professionals in the pharmacy, medical, dental, and nursing fields. A questionnaire study was conducted to determine the level of understanding and attitudes toward PV and ADR reporting among 82 healthcare professionals (52 pharmacists, 15 physicians, 10 dentists, and 5 nurses) and 100 undergraduate healthcare students (45 pharmacies, 12 physicians, 35 dentists, and 8 nurses). According to the survey, among medical professionals and students, pharmacists are better educated about pharmacovigilance and adverse drug reactions than physicians, dentists, and nurses. The study found that pharmacists had a more favorable attitude toward pharmacovigilance and ADR reporting than other healthcare professionals. Doctors and medical students ranked second in terms of understanding of pharmacovigilance and the ADR reporting system, followed by dentists and dental students, and nurses and nursing students ranked last. In conclusion, pharmacists and pharmacy students exhibited superior knowledge, attitudes, and views of PV and ADR reporting compared to other healthcare professionals and students. The paper underlines the necessity of integrating pharmacovigilance education into the Libyan healthcare system and school curricula to train staff and educate students for real-world practices and workplaces.

Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice of pharmacovigilance and ADR reporting in health care professionals

Background: Lack of awareness among healthcare professionals is cited as one of the main reasons along with under reporting of adverse drug reactions. Knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) studies can help to understand various issues and improve pharmacovigilance system.
 Objectives: The present study was undertaken to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) regarding pharmacovigilance and ADR reporting among healthcare professionals at the various departments of hospitals in Northern Kerala to get an insight into the causes of under-reporting of ADRs.
 Materials and Methods: The data was collected using a pre-designed questionnaire. A total of 25multiple choice questions related to knowledge, attitude and practice. There were 6 Knowledge based 7 Attitude and 12 Practice based questions. The participants were graded in three categories as good, fair and poor depending on the mean score. The data were interpreted by calculating the frequencies, one-way ANOVA test.
 Results: A total of 300 healthcare professionals who completed the questionnaire were considered of which 110 were doctors, 98 were nurses and 92were pharmacist. Among them, doctors have relatively better score than nurses and pharmacists in knowledge and attitude. Most healthcare professionals have showed fair practice in pharmacovigilance and ADR reporting and the pharmacists being the best performers.
 Conclusion: To facilitate the culture of reporting and creating awareness among health professionals, CME, workshops, conferences, post training reminders such as periodic E-mails and SMS alerts should be conducted. Pharmacovigilance is being taught to some degree in theory, but the knowledge on the practical method is lacking. The existing academic curriculum can be amended to incorporate the application of pharmacovigilance in the medical practice.

Knowledge, Attitude and Perception of Pharmacovigilance Science in Ayurveda among Ayurved pharmacy undergraduates - A Cross Sectional Study

Background: India is known for its traditional medicinal systems. Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani systems are being practised since ages and their use have accepted in other countries in era of globalisation. There is a wide spread misconception that all drugs of “natural” origin are “safe”. Many drugs not only of allopathy but homeopathy as well Ayurved, having undesirable unwanted effects beyond therapeutic action called Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR). Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, New Delhi has initiated the Pharmacovigilance Program for Ayurved, Siddha, Unani & Homeopathy drugs (ASU & H drugs). Aim and Objectives: To evaluate knowledge, attitude and perception of Pharmacovigilance among Ayurved pharmacy undergraduates. Materials and Methods: It was a prospective, cross-sectional study conducted among Ayurved pharmacy undergraduates perusing their study at government Ayurved College during 2022. The questionnaire was designed to test knowledge, attitude and perception of Pharmacovigilance. Basic and study data was entered in Microsoft Office Excel 2016 and descriptive statistics was used. Result: Majority students had knowledge about “ADR’ and “Pharmacovigilance” and “ADR” reporting Centre” but where and to whom and how to report was lacking as there have not been exposed to any practical training and awareness session. Majority participants were agreed that all the drugs including ASU & H has adverse drug reaction and need to report and should be mandatory. Conclusion: There is a need of more awareness and practical/ hand to hand training programme related to Pharmacovigilance and ADR reporting to Undergraduate Ayurved Pharmacy Students to sensitise them and to strengthen the reporting culture for ASU & H drugs form early stage.